The Promise of Multimedia

EDIT-610-T01

Fall 2006

Dr. Mike Uttendorfer

Definitions

Multimedia - presentation of material using both words and pictures. Words include written text and spoken

words Pictures include static graphics – including

illustrations, graphs, photos or maps – and dynamic graphics - including animations and videos

(Mayer, 2003)

Definitions

Multimedia Learning - learning from words and pictures.

Multimedia Presentation – presentation using words and pictures.

Multimedia Instructional Presentation – presentation using pictures and words that is intended to foster learning.

(Mayer, 2003)

Why Multimedia?

People remember 10% of what they read

People remember 20% of what they hear

People remember 30% of what the see People remember 50% of what they

see, hear, and read combined!!

Why Multimedia?

“In the process of trying to build connections between words and pictures, learners are able to create a deeper understanding than from words or pictures alone.” (Mayer, 2003, p.5.)

Three Views of Multimedia Messages

Delivery Media View

Presentation Modes View

Sensory Modalities View

Delivery Mode View

Focuses on the delivery devices used to present material such as computer screens, speakers, projectors, SmartBoards, video recorders, etc.

The emphasis is on the devices used to present information rather than the wy people learn.

Presentation Modes View

The presentation of material using two or more modes – such as text, sound and pictures in a single presentation.

This focuses on the way the material is presented.

Sensory Modalities View

Multimedia that involves 2 or more sensory systems

Focuses on the sensory receptor the learner uses to precise the incoming material such as eyes and ears

Two Views of Multimedia Design

Technology-Centered Approaches

Learner-centered Approaches

Technology-Centered Approaches

Focuses on cutting-edge advances in multimedia technology and designs multimedia materials based on what the technology can do.

Technology- centered approaches generally fail to lead to lasting improvements in education. (Cuban, 1986).

Learner-Center Approaches

Multimedia is viewed as an aid to human cognition.

These approaches begin with an understanding of how people learn and asks “how can we adapt multimedia to improve learning?”

Two Metaphors of Multimedia Learning

Multimedia Learning as Information Acquisition

Multimedia Learning as Knowledge Construction

Multimedia Learning as Information Acquisition

Assumptions: Learning is based on information The learner’s job is to receive information The teacher’s job is to present information

Multimedia Learning as Knowledge Construction

Assumptions: Knowledge is personally constructed by

the learner and not “delivered” The learner’s job is to mke sense of the

presented material The teacher’s job is to help the learner in

the sense-making process

Two Goals of Multimedia Learning

Remembering Ability to reproduce or recognize presented

material (recall) Understanding

Ability to use presented material in new ways (application transfer)

Three Kinds of Multimedia Learning Outcomes

No Learning No knowledge, poor retention, poor transfer

Rote Learning Fragmented knowledge, good retention, poor

transfer

Meaningful Learning Integrated knowledge, good retention, good

transfer

Two Kinds of Active Learning

Behavioral Activity Cognitive Activity Meaningful learning depends on the

learner’s cognitive activity during learning rather than on the learner’s behavioral activity during learning.