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TheProtestant
Reformation
TheProtestant
Reformation
Original source: Susan M. PojerOriginal source: Susan M. Pojer
Writing Prompt
After reading a number of historical resources, write an essay that examines the causes of and explains the effects of the Reformation. What conclusions or implications can you draw? What ramifications did the Reformation have on society? Support your answers with evidence from the texts.
Causes of the Reformation? Social causes
Humanism and secularism ? the Church
Printing Press
Political causes
Monarchs challenge the church’s power
Pope was a foreign leader and could be challenged
Economic
Jealous of the Church's wealth
Merchants and nobles resent paying taxes to the Church
Religious
Church practices unacceptable sale of indulgences
Some church leaders had become secular and corrupt
The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press
The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c
“Why theGermanies?”
The Holy Roman Empire in the 16c
“Why theGermanies?”
Early calls for ReformDesiderius Erasmus
1466-1536• Christian Humanist• Catholic priest• Criticized the Church
but believed in reformation from with in the Church
Martin Luther• 1486-1546• Catholic Monk• Disliked the selling of
indulgences• Wrote the 95 Theses
and nailed them to a door of a Church in Wittenberg Germany
• Began the Reformation
Luther’s teachings
• People can win salvation only by faith in God’s forgiveness
• All church teachings should be based on the Bible– Pope and church traditions
were false • All people with faith were
equal.– Do not need priests to
interpret the Bible for them.
The Pope vs. Luther
• Renunciation or excommunication• Holy Roman Emperor and the Edict of Worms• Lutherans are formed
The Spread of LutheranismThe Spread of Lutheranism
http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses/videos#martin-luther-sparks-a-revolution
The Peasant Revolt - 1525
The Peasant Revolt - 1525• Luther is horrified that
peasants use his ideas to revolt
• German princes kill 100,000 people putting down the revolt
• German princes are divided on Luther’s ideas
• Those princes who support Luther, join together and become known as Protestants.
• Peace of Augsburg
England becomes Protestant
• Henry VIII wants an heir– Annulment denied– Reformation parliament
• Act of Supremacy• Religious turmoil
– Edward VI– Mary I (Bloody Mary)– Elizabeth I
• 1559• Church of England or
Anglican Church
Reformation Continues
• Huldrych Zwingli – Zurich, Switzerland– Influenced by Erasmus
and Luther– Return to Early Christian
teachings
• John Calvin– Influenced by Luther– Predestination– Calvinism– Theocracy
http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=92EDB1C0-359B-4E94-BE1A-FF9169536AAA&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=
Spread of Calvinism
Reformation Continues• John Knox
– Scottish Preacher– Calvinist follower– Presbyterian
• Huguenots– French followers of Calvinism– St. Bartholomew’s Day– Edict of Nantes
• Anabaptists– Baptized people when they
were old enough to decide to be Christians
– Separate church and state– Pacifists – Share possessions
Catholic Reformation
•Aka Counter Reformation•Main reformers: Ignatius of Loyola and Popes Paul III & Paul IV
• Ignatius of Loyola– Society of Jesus• Jesuits– Founded schools– Convert non-
believers– Stop the spread of
Protestantism http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=23D6FB90-7468-4555-875D-FCADEA83271A&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=
Reforming Popes• Pope Paul III– 1534-15491. Investigates sale of
indulgences2. Approved Jesuit order3. Inquisition4. Council of Trent
• Church interprets Bible• Need faith and good
works• Bible and church were
authorities• Indulgences were valid
• Pope Paul IV– Carried out the Council
of Trent decrees– Index of Forbidden
books
Writing Prompt• Describe the lasting impact of the reformation
and the Counter Reformation.
Branches of Christianity
Branches of Christianity
Map activity• Using the blank map of Europe, please create a map of
religion in Europe in the 16th century.• You will need to create a key. • You will need to show the following faiths:
– Roman Catholic– Lutheran– Anglican– Calvinist– Hugenots– Islam
– Eastern Orthodox– Anabaptist– Presbyterian