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A p r i l 2 0 1 5 !
Public Opinion Landscape: Energy and the Environment
PAGE 2
TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S
Slide!
Current Landscape! 3!
Energy Policy & Political Perceptions! 11!
Energy Sources! 23!
Digital Snapshot! 30!
C u r r e n t L a n d s c a p e !
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5-8, 2015 PAGE 4
A M E R I C A N V I E W S O N T H E Q U A L I T Y O F E N V I R O N M E N T R E M A I N C O N S I S T E N T O V E R PA S T 5 Y E A R S
Right now, do you think the quality of the environment in the country as a whole is getting better or getting worse?!
Getting worse
Getting better
Note: “Same” and “no opinion” results not shown
57%54%
57% 58%63%
67% 67% 68%
51%48% 48% 49% 49% 50% 51%
36%40%
33% 34%29%
25% 25% 26%
41% 41% 42% 42% 41% 42% 41%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Pew Research Center: August 15-25, 2014 PAGE 5
M O S T A M E R I C A N S S AY T H E R E I S E V I D E N C E O F T E M P E R AT U R E C H A N G E O V E R PA S T D E C A D E S
Note: “DK/ref” results not shown
From what you’ve read and heard, is there solid evidence that the average temperature on earth has been getting warmer over the past decades, or not? [If yes, why?]!
33% 32% 34% 28% 26% 27% 26% 35%25%
36% 34% 36% 38% 42% 42% 44% 40%46%
16% 18% 18% 18% 19% 23% 18% 18% 22%
Sept 2009 Oct 2010 Feb 2011 Nov 2011 Oct 2012 Mar 2013 Oct 2013 Mar 2014 Aug 2014
Yes - Mostly because of natural patterns in the earth's environmentYes - Mostly because of human activity such as burning fossil fuels
No
PAGE 6
M A J O R I T Y O F A M E R I C A N S T H I N K T H AT G L O B A L WA R M I N G I S H A P P E N I N G ; E X A G G E R AT I N G R I S K S I S M O S T U S E D A R G U M E N T A G A I N S T I T
Yes56%
No20%
Not Sure23%
Refused1%
7%
29%
38%
42%
58%
I could be conviced global warming is happening
Global warming is not caused by human activity
Global warming is a hoax
I don't find the scientific evidence convincing
Some people and the press are exaggerating the risks of global warming
Do you think that global warming is happening, or do you think global warming is not happening?!
Please indicate which statements describe your opinion(s) about global warming – even if it is not exactly right. You may choose more than one.!
Source: Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research Poll, November 19 – December 1, 2014
Source: CBS News Polls: February 6-10, 2013; February 19-23, 2014; September 10-14, 2014, PAGE 7
A N D M A J O R I T Y O F A M E R I C A N S N O W B E L I E V E G L O B A L WA R M I N G I S C A U S E D B Y H U M A N A C T I V I T Y
Human activity54%
Natural patterns
31%
Global warming does not
exist10%
Caused by both3%
Don't know what causes it
2%
Sept -‐ 2014 Which statement comes closest to your view about global warming? !1. Global warming is caused mostly by human activity such as burning fossil fuels. !2. Global warming is caused mostly by natural patterns in the earth's environment. !3. Global warming does not exist.!
Human activity45%
Natural patterns
34%
Global warming does not
exist14%
Caused by both3%
Don't know what causes
it4%
Feb -‐ 2014
Human activity49%
Natural patterns
31%
Global warming does not
exist10%
Caused by both6%
Don't know what causes
it4%
Feb -‐ 2013
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5-8, 2015 PAGE 8
M O S T A M E R I C A N S S AY T H E Y W O R RY A G R E AT D E A L O R A FA I R A M O U N T A B O U T G L O B A L WA R M I N G
58%51%
62% 65% 66%60%
52% 51% 55% 58% 56% 55%
40%47%
36% 34% 33%40%
48% 48% 45% 43% 43% 45%
2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
I’m going to read you a list of environmental problems. As I read each one, please tell me if you personally worry about this problem a great deal, a fair amount, only a little, or not at all. First, how much do you worry about [global warming]?!
Worry a great deal/a fair amount
Only a little/not at all
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5-8, 2015 PAGE 9
Y E T A M E R I C A N S A R E M O R E L I K E LY TO S AY T H E S E R I O U S N E S S O F G L O B A L WA R M I N G I S E X A G G E R AT E D ; A LT H O U G H I N C R E A S I N G N U M B E R S S AY U N D E R E S T I M AT E D
31%
33%
38%
31% 30%33%
35%
41%
48%
43% 42% 41% 42% 42%
32%
29%
25%
29% 28% 29%
33%29%
24%26%
24% 24% 23%21%
32%33% 33%
35%38%
35%
29% 28%25%
29%31%
33% 33%35%
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Thinking about what is said in the news, in your view is the seriousness of global warming – [generally exaggerated, generally correct, or is it generally underestimated]?!
Note: “DK/ref” results not shown
Exaggerated
Underestimated
Correct
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5-8, 2015 PAGE 10
A N D L A R G E M A J O R I T Y C O N T I N U E TO D O U B T G L O B A L WA R M I N G W I L L S E R I O U S LY I M PA C T T H E I R WAY O F L I F E
65% 62% 58% 60%67%
61% 64% 64% 62%
33% 35%40% 38%
32%38% 34% 36% 37%
2002 2006 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 2014 2015
Note: “No opinion” results not shown
Do you think that global warming will pose a serious threat to you or your way of life in your lifetime?!
No
Yes
E n e r g y P o l i c y & P o l i t i c a l P e r c e p t i o n s !
PAGE 12
A M E R I C A N S T H I N K T H AT P R O T E C T I N G T H E E N V I R O N M E N T W I L L I M P R O V E E C O N O M I C G R O W T H
15%
22%
60%
Reduce economic growth and cost jobs
Have no impact on economic growth or jobs
Improve economic growth and provide new jobs
Please indicate which one of these statements comes closest to your own views – even if its not exactly right. In the long run, protecting the environment will…!
Source: Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research Poll, November 19 – December 1, 2014
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5 – 8, 2015 PAGE 13
A M E R I C A N S N O W A L S O S AY E N V I R O N M E N TA L P R O T E C T I O N S H O U L D B E G I V E N P R I O R I T Y O V E R E N E R G Y D E V E L O P M E N T
36%40% 40%
44%39%
42%
34%
41%46%
50%
39%
50%47% 46%
40%39%
52% 52%49% 48%
52%49%
58%
50% 47%
43%
55%
41%44% 45%
51%
49%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
With which one of these statements about the environment and energy production do you most agree – [ROTATED: protection of the environment should be given priority, even at the risk of limiting the amount of energy supplies – such as oil, gas, and coal – which the United States produces (or) development of U.S. energy supplies – such as oil, gas, and coal – should be given priority, even if the environment suffers to some extent]?!
Note: Equal priority and No opinion results not shown
Environmental protection
Energy development
PAGE 14
E N E R G Y / E N V I R O N M E N T I S S U E S N O T C O N S I D E R E D A S TO P P R I O R I T I E S A S M U C H A S O T H E R I S S U E S
% Top Priority 2013 2014 2015 % Top Priority 2013 2014 2015
1 Defending the country from future terrorist attacks 71% 73% 76% 13 Protecting the Environment 52% 49% 51%
2 Strengthening the nation’s economy 86% 80% 75% 14 Addressing race relations in this country - - 49%
3 Improving the job situation 79% 74% 67% 15 Dealing with the moral breakdown of the country 40% 39% 48%
4 Improving the educational system 70% 69% 67% 16 Reforming the nation’s tax system 52% 55% 48%
5 Taking steps to make the Social Security system financially sound 70% 66% 66% 17 Dealing with the nation’s energy problem 45% 45% 46%
6 Reducing the budget deficit 72% 63% 64% 18 Reducing the influence of lobbyists and special interest groups in D.C. 44% 42% 43%
7 Reducing healthcare costs 63% 59% 64% 19 Improving the country’s roads, bridges, and public transportation systems 30% 39% 42%
8 Taking steps to make the Medicare system financially sound 65% 61% 61% 20 Dealing with the role of money in politics - - 42%
9 Reducing crime 55% 55% 57% 21 Supporting scientific research - - 41%
10 Dealing with the problems of poor and needy people 57% 49% 55% 22 Dealing with global warming 28% 29% 38%
11 Strengthening the U.S. military 41% 43% 52% 23 Dealing with global climate change - - 34%
12 Dealing with the issue of immigration - 40% 52% 24 Dealing with global trade issues 31% 28% 30%
I’d like to ask you about priorities for President Obama and Congress this year. As I read from a list, tell me if you think each should be a top priority, important but lower priority, not too important or it should not be done. !
Source: Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2015
Source: Pew Research Center, January 7-11, 2015 PAGE 15
H A L F O F A M E R I C A N S F E E L P R O T E C T I N G T H E E N V I R O N M E N T S H O U L D B E A TO P P R I O R I T Y; R E C E N T I N C R E A S E I N D E A L I N G W I T H G L O B A L WA R M I N G A S A TO P P R I O R I T Y
Note: “DK/ref” results not shown
I’d like to ask you about priorities for President Obama and Congress this year. As I read from a list, tell me if you think each should be a top priority, important but lower priority, not too important or it should not be done. !
30% 28% 26% 25%28% 29%
38%
60%
49% 50% 52%
45% 45%46%41%
44%40%
43%
52%49% 51%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
% Top Priority [Energy/Environment Issues Only]
Protecting the environmentDealing with the nation’s energy problem
Dealing with Global Warming
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5 – 8, 2015 PAGE 16
N E A R LY H A L F C O N T I N U E TO T H I N K T H E G O V E R N M E N T I S D O I N G TO O L I T T L E TO P R O T E C T T H E E N V I R O N M E N T
7% 5% 5% 4%
15% 16% 17% 16% 17% 16%
51%55% 58%
62%
46% 49% 51%47% 48% 48%
37% 37% 34% 33% 35% 33% 30%35% 34% 34%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Too little
About the right amount
Too much
Do you think the U.S. government is doing too much, too little, or about the right amount in terms of protecting the environment?!
Note: “No opinion” results not shown
President Obama took office in 2008
Source: Pew Research Center Poll, Dec. 3-7, 2014 PAGE 17
E I G H T I N T E N A M E R I C A N S S U P P O RT R E Q U I R I N G B E T T E R F U E L E F F I C I E N C Y; L E S S S U P P O RT F O R O T H E R P O L I C I E S
41%
56%
58%
81%
53%
40%
37%
15%
Promoting increased use of nuclear power
Allowing more offshore oil and gas drilling
Allowing more mining and drilling on federal land
Requiring better fuel efficency for cars and trucks
Favor Oppose
Note: Don’t know response not shown
As I read some possible government policies to address America’s energy supply, tell me whether you would favor or oppose each. First, would you favor or oppose the government…?!
PAGE 18
H O W E V E R , A M A J O R I T Y F E E L S T H AT S A F E T Y I S T H E R E S P O N S I B I L I T Y O F C O R P O R AT I O N S
35%
62%
It is the responsibility of government to make sure that energy companies keep consumers and workers safe
while conducting their business
It is the responsibility of energy companies to make sure that consumers and workers are safe, regardless of what
government regulations exist
And when it comes to safety around energy sources, which comes closer to your opinion – even if neither is exactly right:!
Source: Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research Poll, November 19 – December 1, 2014
PAGE 19
A M E R I C A N S C O N T I N U E TO S E E O B A M A B E T T E R O N P R O T E C T I N G T H E E N V I R O N M E N T T H A N I M P R O V I N G E N E R G Y P O L I C Y
Do you think Barack Obama is doing a good job or a poor job in handling each of the following issues as president? [% good job]!
Protecting the nation’s environment
Improving the nation’s energy policy
Note: No opinion results not shown
79%
52%55% 56% 55%
51%52%
72%
43% 41% 42%46%
42% 39%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5-8, 2015
PAGE 20
H A L F O F A M E R I C A N S FAV O R U . S . PA RT I C I PAT I O N I N T H E D E V E L O P M E N T O F A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L T R E AT Y A D D R E S S I N G G L O B A L WA R M I N G
Do you favor, oppose or neither favor nor oppose U.S. participation in the development of a new international treaty to address global warming?!
Favor50%
Oppose23%
Don't lean either way
27%
Source: Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research Poll, November 19 – December 1, 2014
Source: Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research Poll, November 19 – December 1, 2014 PAGE 21
A M E R I C A N S D I V I D E D O N H O W P R E S I D E N T O B A M A S H O U L D H A N D L E A N I N T E R N AT I O N A L A G R E E M E N T A D D R E S S I N G G L O B A L WA R M I N G
37% 36%
22%
President Obama should negotiate and act on a new international agreement to address global warming even if it will not be approved
by the U.S. Senate
President Obama should only negotiate a new international agreement to address
global warming if it will be approved by the U.S. Senate
President Obama should not pursue a new international agreement to address global
warming
Note: Refused not shown.
Which of the following comes closer to your opinion about how President Obama should handle negotiations for developing a new international agreement to address global warming?!
PAGE 22
H O W E V E R , S I X I N T E N A M E R I C A N S T H I N K T H E U . S . S H O U L D B E A L E A D E R O N G L O B A L WA R M I N G
Which of the following comes closer to your opinion?!
16%
18%
61%
The United States should not take action on global warming, regardless of what other countries do
The United States should avoid taking action on global warming unless other countries take action too
The United States should be a leader on global warming, even if it means taking action when other countries do not
Source: Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research Poll, November 19 – December 1, 2014
Note: Refused not shown
E n e r g y S o u r c e s !
Source: Pew Research Center Poll, Dec. 3-7, 2014 PAGE 24
A M A J O R I T Y O F A M E R I C A N S B E L I E V E T H E U . S . I S P R O D U C I N G M O R E E N E R G Y
Increasing54%About the
same27%
Decreasing10%
Don't Know9%
From what you’ve read and heard, has the amount of energy produced in the United States been increasing, decreasing, or staying about the same in recent years?!
Source: Pew Research Center Poll, Dec. 3-7, 2014 PAGE 25
A M A J O R I T Y O F A M E R I C A N S B E L I E V E T H AT T H E U . S . N E E D S TO F O C U S O N D E V E L O P I N G A LT E R N AT I V E S O U R C E S O F E N E R G Y
63%
47%
65%
60%
29%
39%
28%30%
2011 2012 2013 2014
Developing alternative sources such as wind, solar and hydrogen technology
Expanding exploration and production of oil, coal and natural gas
Right now, which ONE of the following do you think should be the more important priority for addressing America’s energy supply?!
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5-8 2015PAGE 26
M O R E A M E R I C A N S W O U L D L I K E I N C R E A S E D E M P H A S I S O N S O L A R , F E W E R W O U L D L I K E TO S E E M O R E E M P H A S I S O N N AT U R A L G A S A N D O I L
76%71%
65%
46%37%
31%
79%70%
55%
41%35%
28%
Solar power Wind Natural gas Oil Nuclear power Coal
% More Emphasis2013 2015
Do you think that as a country, the United States should put more emphasis, less emphasis or about the same emphasis as it does now on producing domestic energy from each of the following sources?!
+3 -‐1
-‐10
-‐5 -‐2
-‐3
PAGE 27
A M E R I C A N S W O R RY M O S T A B O U T R I S K S TO T H E E N V I R O N M E N T F R O M N U C L E A R , C O A L A N D O I L
3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 3% 3% 3%25% 29% 27%
43%56% 61% 69% 67%36%
37% 39%
37%
28%26%
20% 22%36%
31% 30%
17% 14%10% 9% 9%
Nuclear Coal Oil Natural Gas Water (dams, tidal power)
Geothermal (capturing
natural heat emitted by the
earth)
Solar Wind
Very/Extremely concerned
Moderately concerned
Not too/Not at all concerned
Refused
Source: AP/NORC, Nov. 20 – Dec. 1, 2014
How concerned are you about the risks posed to the environment by each of the following energy sources?!
Source: The Harris Poll, Oct. 15-20, 2014 PAGE 28
A M E R I C A N S B E L I E V E T H AT S O L A R E N E R G Y W I L L M A K E A M A J O R C O N T R I B U T I O N I N T H E L O N G T E R M
Major31%
Minor53%
Hardly Any16%
Next 2 to 5 years
Major57%
Minor35%
Hardly Any8%
Next 15 to 20 Years
+26 in those who think Solar Energy will make a major
contribution
Thinking ahead to the next two to five years, do you feel that solar energy will make a major contribution in meeting our energy needs, a minor contribution, or hardly any contribution at all?!
What about in the next 15 to 20 years? Do you think that solar energy will make a major contribution, a minor contribution, or hardly any contribution at all in meeting our energy needs?!
Source: Pew Research Center, November 6-9, 2014 PAGE 29
A M E R I C A N S ’ O P I N I O N O F F R A C K I N G D E P E N D S O N T H E WAY Y O U A S K T H E Q U E S T I O N
Do you support or oppose increased use of fracking, a drilling method that uses high-pressure water and chemicals to extract oil and natural gas from underground rock formations?!
41%47%
12%
Favor Oppose Don't Know
40% 40%
19%
Favor Oppose No Opinion
Do you favor or oppose hydraulic fracturing or “fracking” as a means of increasing the production of natural gas and oil in the U.S.?!
Source: Gallup Poll, March 5-8, 2015
30%26%
19%24%
Favor Oppose Neutral Not sure
Do you favor or oppose the increased use of fracking to extract oil and natural gas from underground rock formations?!
Source: YouGov, March 20-23, 2015
G P G D i g i t a l S n a p s h o t !
C L I M AT E C H A N G E , T H E N O RT H E A S T W I N T E R S TO R M A N D T H E C A L I F O R N I A D R O U G H TIn order to get a better understanding of some of the prominent online conversations around Energy and Environment, GPG conducted an analysis of the online conversation from January 1 to March 31, 2015, that examined mentions of climate change in relation to the northeast winter storms and the California drought situation.!
• GPG used online media analysis tools to capture media results from the full spectrum of digital and social media sources including:!
• Online News• Forums• Blogs• Social Media (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Google+, Tumblr, etc.)
• GPG then conducted both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data to derive the following insights.!
PAGE 32
J A N U A RY TO M A R C H , C A L I F O R N I A D R O U G H T R E C E I V E D M O R E C O V E R A G E C O N N E C T E D TO C L I M AT E C H A N G E T H A N T H E N O RT H E A S T W I N T E R S TO R M S
California Drought
67%
Northeast Winter Storms
33%
Comparing Volume of Online Results
GPG Original Digital Research
POTENTIAL DRIVERS BEHIND VOLUME DIFFERENCE• The northeast winter storms were individual
occurrences, whereas the California drought is ongoing.• Much of the discussion and coverage of both topics
stemmed from online news that covered scientific articles. There were more mentions of scientific articles concerning the California drought that there were about the Northeast winter storms.
• 69% of mentions about scientific proof discussed the California Drought situation, while 31% of them focused on the Northeast winter storms.
• This may be because the California drought has been going on for a number of years, giving scientists more time to study potential causes, whereas the Northeast winter storms’ duration was much shorter.
PAGE 33
V O L U M E P E A K S F O R C A L I F O R N I A D R O U G H T A N D N O RT H E A S T W I N T E R S TO R M S
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1/1/
15
1/3/
15
1/5/
15
1/7/
15
1/9/
15
1/11
/15
1/13
/15
1/15
/15
1/17
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1/23
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1/25
/15
1/27
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1/31
/15
2/2/
15
2/4/
15
2/6/
15
2/8/
15
2/10
/15
2/12
/15
2/14
/15
2/16
/15
2/18
/15
2/20
/15
2/22
/15
2/24
/15
2/26
/15
2/28
/15
3/2/
15
3/4/
15
3/6/
15
3/8/
15
3/10
/15
3/12
/15
3/14
/15
3/16
/15
3/18
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3/20
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3/22
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3/24
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3/26
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3/28
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3/30
/15
California Drought Northeast Winterstorm
Imminent $1 billion water spending plan to be signed by
Governor Brown to combat effects of climate change in California; Many fear water
rationing.!
Stanford research study concludes that human driven global warming is behind
the increasingly frequent and severe droughts – including the current drought
in California. It predicts that the droughts will only
get worse.!
Discussion of President Obama’s State of the Union
Address – he associates climate change with record temperatures and
droughts throughout the country and in
California.!
Historic blizzard “Juno” hits the Northeast. Bill Nye “The Science Guy” says
the storms are caused by climate change. In
interviews Al Sharpton and Governor Cuomo also
blame the storms on climate change.!
GPG Original Digital Research
Men
tions
PAGE 34
C O N V E R S AT I O N O F B O T H D R O U G H T A N D S TO R M S D R I V E N B Y S C I E N T I F I C S T U D I E S S U M M A R I Z E D I N O N L I N E N E W S
34%29%
17%11%
6%
19%
29%25%
15%
8%
Twitter News Blog Facebook Forums
California Drought Northeast Winterstorm
Most conversation (63%) around the California drought situation was on
news and Twitter. Tweets were comprised mainly of links to previously
published studies or news articles.
Most conversation (54%) around the Northeast winter storms was on
news and blogs. Blog posts summarized news articles and
linked to scientific studies.
TOP 3 ARTICLES DRIVING CONVERSATION FOR THIS TIME PERIOD
California drought:• Anthropogenic Warming Has Increased
Drought Risk in California (National Academy of Sciences, 3/2/2015)
• NASA responds to California’s evolving drought, (NASA, 2/25/2014)
• Causes and Predictability of the 2011 – 2014 California Drought, (Climate Program Office, 12/2014)
Northeast Winter storms:• The Climate Science Behind New England’s
Historic Blizzard (Climate Progress, 1/26/2015)
• Blizzard 2015: What Went Wrong With the Forecasting (WSJ, 1/27/2015)
• Blizzard of Nor’Easters No Surprise, Thanks to Climate Change (National Geographic, 1/26/2015)
GPG Original Digital Research
PAGE 35
C A L I F O R N I A D R O U G H T C O N V E R S AT I O N L E A N S N E G AT I V E ; H I G H L I G H T E D B Y F O C U S O N G R O U P S F R O M E A C H E X T R E M E
Neutral90%
Negative9%
Positive2%
Online Sentiment - California Drought
Negative, 72%
Sentiment Breakdown
Negative 84%
Positive 16%
Negative Results• Discussion surrounding the extensive negative
effects that the drought, and therefore climate change, have had on California communities.
• Negative comments directed at “climate change deniers” and “fear-mongering eco-groups” from various sides of the debate.
• Articles decrying the lack of immediate response to the drought in California and to climate change more broadly.
Positive Results• Positive reactions to fundraisers and other events
conducted to raise awareness and money for climate change.
• Encouragement for those who are attempting to save water, and engaging in other means to lessen personal impact that contributes to climate change.
GPG Original Digital Research
PAGE 36
N O RT H E A S T W I N T E R S TO R M S S I M I L A R C O N V E R S AT I O N ; D O M I N AT E D B Y C R I T I C I S M O F C L I M AT E C H A N G E D E N I E R A R G U M E N T S
Neutral91%
Negative6%
Positive2%
Online Sentiment – Northeast Winter Storms
Sentiment Breakdown
Negative, 72%
Positive, 28%
Negative 72%
Positive 28%
Negative Results• Negative comments directed at climate change
deniers for disagreeing with the notion that extreme cold weather is a symptom of global warming– including criticism of Senator Inhofe’s speech in which he used the existence of a snowball as evidence against the idea of global warming.
• Criticisms of Florida Governor Rick Scott for banning the use of the term “climate change.”
• Articles about the negative impact of not immediately responding to climate change.
Positive Results• Amused responses to some climate deniers
arguments about the storm in the Northeast.• Positive reactions to individuals attempting to
address climate change or create broader awareness (e.g. Jon Stewart’s segment on climate change).
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