Date post: | 18-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | moses-holmes |
View: | 214 times |
Download: | 0 times |
The Puzzling Relationship Between Generosity and Civil Society in Mexico
Michael D. Layton, Ph.D. Philanthropy and Civil Society Project
Book Launch and Seminar:Philanthropy and Civil Society in Mexico and
Among Mexicans in New York
Baruch CollegeSchool of Public Affairs
April 7, 2011
Philanthropy and Civil Society Project
•How do Mexicans express their generosity?
•How can Mexican generosity be channeled into the strenghtening of
organized civil society?
Introduction
Percentage of the Economically Active Population engaged in the non-profit sector
8
54
0.4
United States
World Average
Argentina Mexico
II. The Puzzle:…but an underdeveloped nonprofit sector
Source: Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project.
Motivation
Preparation
Execution
III. Solving the Puzzle: National Survey on Philanthropy and Civil
Society (ENAFI)
The results of the ENAFI help us solve
the puzzle
IV. The Results: How do Mexicans express their generosity?
Care for them while ill
Helped with household chores
Helped them for work/school
Gave them money
Lent them money
Gave them emotional support
Gave them clothes or donations in kind
Gave them advice
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
22
23
24
25
41
42
43
51
Have you helped a friend, a neighbour or an acquantaince in the past 12 months? If so, how?
Percentage of respondents who said "yes"
Source: ENAFI 2008
No
Yes
Does not know/ Did not answer
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
74
19
6
During the last 12 months did you volunteer for any type of group or or-ganization?
Number of respondents
Source: ENAFI 2008
Source: ENAFI 2008
No
Yes
Does not know/Did not answer
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
77
22
1
Were you personally asked to do volunteer work in the past 12 months?
Number of Respondents
Source: ENAFI 2008
Lack of time
Have not been asked
Does not know how or when to do so
Would rather spend that time on other activities
Distrust of volunteer work, or of the organizations that do it
Health issues
Does not like working without pay/free
Do not think your help would be useful
Would rather donate money
Transport issues
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
31
14
11
10
9
7
5
4
3
What are the reasons you do NOT do volunteer work?
Number of respondents
6
Periodical salary/wage deductions
Cheques
Internet
Periodical debit/credit card charges
ATM-facilitated donations
Food, clothing, or canned goods donations
Kettle campaigns/ Giving pocket money in the street
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2
3
3
5
9
31
47
In the past 12 months have you contributed via:
Percentage of respondents
Source: ENAFI 2008
Source: ENAFI 2008
Alms during Church
Church (missions, campaigns, etc)
Health-related organizations
Educational/School-based
Natural disaster relief groups
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
47
17
13
12.9679144385027
4
5
9
4
6.8181818181818
16
In the las 12 months, have you made a donation to any of the following or-ganizations?
Money In KindPercentage of respondents that answered "yes"
Source: ENAFI 2008
Alms during Church
Health-related organizations
Organizations dedicated to helping the elderly, people of low-income, etc.
Neighbourhood groups
Other religious organizations
Church (missions, campaigns, etc)
Youth groups or Clubs/Sports-based
Ecological/Animal protection
Cultural or artistic associations
Humanitarian organizations
Educational/School-based
Natural disaster relief groups
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
90
71
70
63
62
60
57
57
55
54
53
40
10
29
30
37
38
40
43
43
45
46
47
60
Thinking of your altest donations, approximately how much did you give to each of the following?
Up to $50 pesos More than $50 pesos
Percentage of respondents
Source: ENAFI 2008
No Yes Does not know/Did not answer0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
70
28
2
In the past 12 months, have you been asked for any type of donation in cash or in kind?
Num
ber
of r
espo
nden
ts
Source: ENAFI 2008
Would rather do volunteer work
Government should be in charge of social issues
No one has asked
Not in them to give money
People are selfish
Difficult with the current financial crisis
Distrustful of institutions that ask for donations
Distrustful of institutions that ask for donations
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
4
5
9
10
11
12
13
16
What do you think are the main reasons why people do not donate?
Percentage of respondents (each up to 3 reasons)
17%
60%
16%
7%
Directly through institutions or organizations
Directly through someone in need
Without preference
Does not know/Did not answer
Source: ENAFI 2008
Directly to a need person (60%)
Monthly income (pesos) Other
DK/NA
It is easy Out of charity, pity o
rsolidarity
Trust that the money will be
well usedBecause I don’t
trust organizationsDK/NA 2% 16% 30% 42% 10%
Up to $1,300 3% 18% 24% 40% 15%$1,301-$3,900 4% 22% 33% 31% 11%$3,901-$6,500 3% 25% 27% 32% 13%$6,501-$13,000 2% 22% 26% 29% 21%$13,001 and above 2% 7% 31% 26% 33%Over-all averge 3% 18% 28% 33% 17%
Why do you prefer to give directly to the needy?
To Institutions (16%)
Monthly income (pesos)
DK/NAGreater impact
Trust that the organización will make good use
Tax deductability People keep
asking but nothing changes
DK/NA 0% 9% 77% 9% 6%Up to $1,300 0% 16% 68% 11% 5%$1,301-$3,900 3% 19% 47% 7% 18%$3,901-$6,500 1% 18% 69% 2% 8%$6,501-$13,000 2% 19% 60% 0% 14%$13,001 and above 0% 14% 59% 5% 23%Over-all averge 1% 16% 63% 5% 12%
Why do you prefer to give directly to institutions?
Source: ENAFI 2008
Political Parties
Unions or Labour Organizations
The Mexican Congress
The Ministry of Finance/ Treasury
Judges / Supreme Court of Justice
Big Private Buisnesses
Social or Non-Governmental Organizations
The Police
Municipal Government
Banks
State Government
The Federal Government
Department stores
Neighborhood groups
The Media
The Army
Mexican Red Cross
The Church
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
21
26
32
33
34
35
35
38
39
40
41
42
44
49
53
62
76
76
How trustful are you of the following?Total answers for "very" and "somewhat"
• Mexicans give to those who ask for it: and currently they do not feel that philanthropic organizations have invited them to participate.
• Generosity is a direct reflection of a person’s sense of trust and belonging, especially in Mexico.
• Generosity a la mexicana takes place, not through institutions but rather through more informal channels.
How do Mexicans express their generosity?
The results of the ENAFI help us solve the puzzle:
Informal channels -- not institutions.
Generosity, but not the nonprofit sector
IV. The Results: How do Mexicans express their generosity?
Mexican People Nonprofit Organizations
Lack of Trust
Low participation: time, talent,
treasure
Accountability and
Transparency
Initiatives to promote
participation
Don´t understand the actions of the
sector
Visibility
V. The true puzzle: How we promote the development of generosity towards growing the
Mexican Third Sector
• Institutions, not informality.• Demonstrated impact, not pity.• Social investment, not alms.
V. The true puzzle: How can Mexican generosity strengthen civil society?
Michael D. Layton, Ph.D.Director of the Philanthropy and Civil Society Project
[email protected]://www.enafi.itam.mx
http://www.filantropia.itam.mxtwitter.com/MDLayton
THANK YOU!