Sir Mark Walport FRSGovernment Chief Scientific AdviserETSI / IQC Quantum Safe Workshop
13 September 2017
The Quantum AgeTechnological Opportunities
Government Chief Scientific Adviser
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• Health, wellbeing, security & resilience
• Knowledge translated to economic advantage
• The right science for emergencies
• Underpinning policy with evidence
• Advocacy and leadership for science
Why Quantum?
• Potential to disrupt huge market sectors
• Global cyber security predicted to be worth £164 billion by 2021
• Global GPS navigation currently worth £21 billion
• UK Photonics industry growing 8% pa (2015), currently worth £10.5 billion
Quantum gravity sensor (University of Birmingham)
Strontium-ion optical clock (NPL)
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UK Quantum Funding
In 2013, £270M investment announced for over 5 years …
QT Hubs74
QT Hubs, Capital50
Other Capital25
Quantum Fellowships16,5
Training and Skills49
Dstl Demonstrator Programme
36
Innovation50
Private Leveraged Funding12.8
NPL QMI29
Other EPSRC QT Investments
17.2
EPSRC Quantum Science Portfolio; 22
QuantERA2,0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400Investment (£m)
Quantic, Glasgow ‐ 23
Communications, York ‐ 24
Networked IT, Oxford ‐ 38
Sensing and Metrology, Birmingham ‐ 35.5
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… but now more than £385M investment over 2014-2019
International Interest
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The UK is not alone in recognising the value of quantum technology
Heijman‐te Paske, F. (2015) Global developments in Quantum Technology. Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs https://connect.innovateuk.org/documents/11487824/26842605/Global+Developments+in+Quantum+Technology/
Blackett Reviews
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Why Blackett?
• WW II chief advisor on Navy operational research
• Nobel Prize in physics for research on cosmic rays
• Professor of physics at Imperial College London
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett(1897 – 1974)
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The Quantum Blackett• There is a strong case for continuing the UK
National Quantum Technologies Programme with matched private sector investment.
• Establish innovation centres involving the co-location of academic and industrial partners.
• The programme partners should establish a body to co-ordinate activities across the programme more effectively.
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• Timekeeping technology has enabled economic advances in the past - 1714 the UK Parliament passed the Longitude Act.
• Today, timing is more important than ever. Atomic clocks are so accurate that they have been used as a standard of time for nearly half a century.
• A new generation of quantum clocks could be several orders of magnitude more accurate still.
• These clocks will have a wide range of prospective applications across sectors including finance, transport, telecommunications and energy.
Peter Knight: Blackett Review9
Timing
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• New quantum imaging system that change the way in which we can see the world:
• One that builds a picture of the environment as viewed from where a laser beam falls.
• Another system can create a 3D image by measuring the time it takes each photon to travel to and from objects in the scene.
• Such technologies will find uses beyond the obvious military and law enforcement applications.
Peter Knight: Blackett Review10
Quantum Imaging
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
Wearable brain imaging systems – University of Nottingham: https://phys.org/news/2017-07-quantum-sensors-herald-wearable-brain.html
• By harnessing quantum effects such as superposition, new quantum sensors can offer higher sensitivity, accuracy and speed of use than current technologies, particularly for gravity and magnetic fields.
• Quantum sensors will enable:• quick and accurate gravity mapping to reveal
underground features.
• improved sensing of magnetic fields and easier ways to screen for diseases such as dementia, and the early detection of cancer and heart conditions
Peter Knight: Blackett Review11
Sensing and Measurement
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• Potential problem solvers and modellers that can tackle and analyse problems inaccessible by conventional computers.
• There are two very important tasks that a quantum computer is expected to be able to do much more efficiently than conventional computers:
• Factorise large numbers - security implications. • Search unstructured data quickly, offering new
possibilities in data analytics and fundamental science
Peter Knight: Blackett Review12
Computing and Simulation
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• Cryptography underpins the security of our financial, business, government and personal communications.
• Current encryptions are vulnerable to quantum computers, so we need new methods of securing digital information:
• post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is as hard to solve for a quantum computer as for a classical computer.
• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses the quantum properties of light to share a key which hackers can’t use without revealing themselves.Peter Knight: Blackett Review13
Securing Communications
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• Ten recommendations including:
• A strong case for continuing the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme.
• The need to review the critical services that are dependent on GNSS timing signals.
• Support for the development of standards for GNSS-resilient timing infrastructure
• Optical fibre networks for the purposes of timing and frequency distribution.
• Flexible regulation and standards.
• Innovation centres and funding.
Plus recommendations specific to securing our communications…
Peter Knight: Blackett Review14
Blackett Recommendations
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• Recommendation 7: The National Quantum Technologies Programme should fund collaborative work between UK quantum communications and cryptography research groups, leading to joint technical developments of both QKD and PQC.
• Recommendation 8: The National Cyber Security Centre should support a pilot trial of QKD using realistic data in a realistic environment, with the facilities for the trial being provided by the Quantum Communications Hub.
• Recommendation 9: The National Physical Laboratory, the National Cyber Security Centre and academia should form a partnership to perform conformance tests and issue accreditation certificates. This process could lead to the establishment of an independent national facility.
Peter Knight: Blackett Review15
Blackett Recommendations
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• £270 million value of UK National Quantum Technology programme.
• 4 Quantum Technology Hubs working on computing, enhanced imaging, communications and sensors.
• 3 Centres for Doctoral Training in quantum technologies.
• 27 bids from companies working with academia via the UK Quantum Technologies Innovation Fund.
Peter Knight: Blackett Review16
Progress To Date
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• Funding joint research on QKD and PQC between Quantum Hubs, the National Physical Laboratory and the National Cyber Security Centre.
• The National Cyber Security Centre is in discussions about supporting a pilot trial of QKD in realistic conditions.
• The National Physical Laboratory and the National Cyber Security Centre to potentially perform conformance and vulnerability tests.
Peter Knight: Blackett Review17
Progress To Date
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
• A second phase for the UK National Quantum Technologies Programme, addressing the Blackett recommendations.
• The Government’s Industrial Strategy offers opportunities to support projects involving industry and academia.
Peter Knight: Blackett Review18
Future Progress
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
The 2017 National Quantum Technologies Showcase is on 22 November 2017 in London.
For your free ticket and further details, please register at:
https://2017qtshowcase.eventbrite.co.uk
Peter Knight: Blackett Review19
UK NQTP 2017 Showcase
Mark Walport: The Quantum Age
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