THE SEASONAL MOYEMENTS OF THE QUAIL (COTURMXC0TURNIX r.) rN ROMANTA

DAN MUNTEANU, MIRCEA MATIE9

Se baeant sur une riche documentation, lee auteurs pr6sentent un tableau d'ensemblesur la dynamigue saisoniire de la caille en Roumsuie.

_The p_aper is the second of the seriee of contributions we have pro-posed to achieve for the sake of clearing up the display of some bird spdciesmigration in Romania.

Like our previous papgr (Mitieg and Munteanu, l9?4), thisone _relies lpoR a rich actual material consisting of 967 spring observationson the qaarl (Coturnix coturnir L.) migration aJwell as on mauy other dataabout the autumn passage of thie species so much appreciated by the hun-ters in the plains.

- Taking into-account that on approaching the seasonal phenology ofthe quail we would also refer to othii displac-ements than th-ose of ip"i"gmovemenls, our _paper is divided into four chapterso preceded by a ihoripresentation of the distribution and biology of t-he species.

. . A? a -breeding bird, the _qug!_ is wid-espread in Romania not only inthe lowland areas but also in the hilly oneso in the river meadows and espe-cially iu the^fields_cultivated with cereals or other herbaceous plants. rn iheRomanian carpathians this species would advance on some iareys, beingalso present in_ the large intramountaineous depressions.

The quail is a migratory bird, the main wintering area of the Euro-pean populations being in the Central African savaooafsituated southwardthe Sahara desert; however, part of them pass the winter in the regionsaround the Mediterranean Sea while a few Jpecimens spend this seaeJn ineome Central European Countriee.

r. SPRING MIGRATION

. r." order to point out the particular traits of the quailos spring migra-tion phenology in our country, 951 observationg were t?ken inio a-ccoriot;they were noted in 267 localities and 23 districts (Fig. r). Mogt of them were

366 DAN IIUNTEANU, MTRCEA MATIEg

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THE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX L.) IN ROMANIA 36?

3\"1 from the yeagly reports issued between 1896 and 1914 in the "Aquila".taklng into consideration the whole period between the fi.ret (186?) andthe last year (1973) of which the obselvations are availableo we have hadthe opportuLr ity to get migration data on the quail from 46 eprings, sorr€-times a aingle spring having 130 obeervations (e.g. 190?). There are few obeer-vations in the last 25 years, the greatest of them being of 4 arrivalso in1968 spring 1.

As for distribution of the observatione on the map of the countryo97,7 per cent come fr-om intra-Carpathian part of Romania (Fig. l). Theirrepartition_over the dietricts is the following: Arad-133 dati; Timig-105 ; Hunedoara - 104; Sibiu- BB; Mureg -

63 ; Maramureg - 61 ; Cluj -55 ; AIba

- 45 ;Bragov - 42 ;Bistrila-Nieiud - 4l ; Covasna - 40; Bihor

-39; Harghita_-38; Snlaj =26;

Carag-severin_ 27; Mehedinli-16; SatuMare-3; Vrancea-3; Briila_ 2; Tulcea-2; Ilfov-l! Vilcea-l;S^g"^g-l; there are added 15 observatione noted by Dombrowski(19f2) in south-eastern Romania.

Before discussing our conclusions, we think it would be necessary topresent the main routes of the quail'e spring migration. According to diffe-ren-t_.author. (C h- i gi et.al., IgiS; S cirif-f erTi, 1960; S h e i ar ev a,l96s), the main "gate" of birds' entrance in Europe is the rtalic penineula.From the norther_n part of Italy the quails spread] Hke a fan towards west,north or east. Following the last direction the birds arrive in lfungary,Romania or west Ukr-ajna; on the other hand, the quails arrive in the ro.rih"roEuropean-area_of.U.S.S.R. passing acroEs the vall-ey of the Nile, the easternshore of the Mediterranean-Sea and Asia Minor, then they pass across theBlack sea in front of the Crimea. Moreover, R. D r o s i oi obeervations(1930) on- the--snakjs' Island prove that the quaile fly across the westernareas of the Black Sea, while fhe observations foade in Romania certifv theexistence of an important route across the Dobrudja and Bir6gan. 'ih"r"routes are logic4ly continuing those conlng fTgm the Nile Delti, throughCypru_s, the Middle East and Turkey (Fit. 2).

rn order to have a brief and clear p.esint.iion of our results, we madethe maps Nos. 3

-an-d 4,^including the ri'ain conclusions resulting from wor-king up the available factual niaterial.

Fig: 3. presents the average arriving data of the quail in the maingeographical units of Romania, -estimated-ae arithmetical'means of the ob-servations noted for each unit in pa* (46 disparate data as well as D o m -b r o w s k i'e 15 observations wire not included in the calculatione). Theanalysis of this map enables us to state that in Transylvania sensu laioo thequails, arriving flol Y _ sv, ge! first in the Timig Plain (25.IV), the restof the 'western-_phin being populated during the next *""kr zi,w -theMureg Plain; 28.IV-tht erig Plain i 2.V:the Someg plain.

-. i We want again to express our gratitude to all those who kindly put their data at ourglspo_rar' con_cerling the.quail'e

-ph1e_n9!og;i: J. B6res, A. Gombos, E. igndtescu, I. ron, L.Kalaber, B. r. Kigs, w, Eemm, I. Kohll. Korodi-Gdi, L. Kov6ts, L. MTnolache, M. MiilJ:ciucr_ s. Pa9-co^vec!i, D. Radu-, c. R"lg. -From abroad, ln"

""e iniebted to Renata R;;;,A. Keve and St. Doncev for the useful informatione they gave to us.

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Fig.2.-Themainmigrationroutesof the qlail in-Europe(-accordingto- Schr_f-fgrli (1960)-andS[evareva (1965),butcompletedwiththeTraneadriatic Road, (c,according toCh-ig_i etal,, l93Sl'the road over Cyprus (b, according to Bannerman and Ban- nerma-n,- l9?l),anil the Weet PonticRoad (c)). The d6tted line represeuls the eastern"br?3f* tt3n in Ukrajna of the quaile migtating over the

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TEE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX L.) IN ROMANTA 369

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Fig. 3, -

The multiannual average values of the quails' observation dates during the springmigration. A

- Timig Plain; B

- Mureg Plain; C

- Crig Plain; D - Somep Plain; E

- LipovaHills; F

- Mureg Pass (Or69tie

- Dorgog); G- upper Begheiu Basin; H - Haleg Depression;

l-Banat Mountaius; J-Danube Iron Gates; K-Western Carpathians; L-Sibiu andFEgErag Depressions; M

- southern Transylvanian Plateau (Secag Hills, Hirtibaci Hills, Odorhei

Hille, Tirnava Plateau, Transylvanian Plain); N-north Traneylvania (Someg, Silvania,llegeud and Bistrilia Hills); O

- Birsa Depreseion; P -

Giurgeu Depression; R - ReghinHills; S -

Maramureg Depreesion. The last figure is for the number of observations from wlichthe average value has been evaluated; the arrowe indicate the movement directions of themigratory birds; the hachures, according to the liet of conventional signs, represent areas with

the same average date of arrival.

On the hills of Lipova, the average data of the quailos arrival is on30.IV, the same for the Mureg defi.lee (Orngtie-Dorgog). bf course the birdscome there from Banat and then fly southward and arrive in the HalegDepression on I.V.

In the mountainso the quails arrive or pass much later than in thelow-er neighbouring regions, this fact being alsb noted in case of other hillor lowland species (M u n t e a n u, 1974): So, in the Danube Clisura (fronGate Basin), the average date registred in several years is 2.V, whiie inthe Western Mountains - 5.Y (moet of the information come from the sou-the^rn -part of these mountainso Hunedoara District). A epecial situation,difficult to be -explained in the context of the data concer-ning the neigh-pgrging areas is- held by the upper basin of the river Begheiu-o where ihebirde arrive by far later than in the Timig Plain, although they have to pasEonly. aeross the western area of Poiana Ruscii Mouniains (SOO-I,OOO mhigh).

370 DAN MUNTEANU, MIRCEA MiTIE$

Fig. 4. - The average value of the firet yearly observations, distribut-ed.according_t_o geograp-hical units. T - souih-eastern part of Romania; U -

middle course of Siret river. The averagedates for the Moldavian S.S.R. and West Ukrajna are also indicated. For other indications

see Fig. 3.

In the Transylvanian Basino the earlier average 4ate has been- pointed-out for the depresiion of Sibiu and Figirag (30.IV). In th_e central area ofthe Transylvanian Plateau, the quails arrive about l.V, while in North Tran-eylvania on 3.Y and even 6.Y bn the hills of Reghin.' In the Birsa Depression the birds arrive rather late (6.V)' probablycoming from westo from Fdgirag Depression. In the other large mountai-neous ?epression of this part of the Eastern Carpathians (the Depression oJ

Giurgeu),- the arriving average date is 4.Y. Finally, in the extreme northof ti'e tountry (Marimureg -Depression) the spring arrivals place aroundthe average date of 6.Y.

Map- No. 4 exhibits the average dates of the earliest sp_ring observa-tione for each year and for each geographical unit, including D o m b r o w-s k i o s data tooo for the south-eastern part of the country (225 observa-tions in all). Naturally, the dates acquired in this way are -earlier

than thosepreviously estimated, but - very important - they have the same sequenceLoth along the western plain of the country and from the Sibiu_Depressionup to Maiamu""g. To hive a more _complete view on the phenology of theqirail's migration, we also indicated the average dates of the first spring

TEE QUAIL (@TURNIX COTURNIX L.) IN ROilANIA 871

Fig.. 5. -The-quail's-arri_ving_date!.in

tle 1908 spriqg. v - silvania Hills; w - Lrpug Depres-eion; X - Nrsdud Hille; Z - Tirnave Plateau. For other indications iee Figs. 3 and .i.

obeervations in some neighlouring countries: the Moldavian S.S.R. (A v e r i net al,,__1971) and West Ukrajna (Strautman, 1963).

Moreovero in order to emphasize the dietinction between the arrivingdatee of the- quails in different years, we present (in Figs. 5 and 6) the sitluation for 1908 and l9l2 sprinse.

From the analysis of Figsl 3 and 4, compared to the neighbouringcountriee situationo we can clearly draw the conclueion that in -Romaniithe quails arrive from two different directions: WSW and SSE.

The birde coming-from west_would mainly populate the western partof the country, fro-m Oltenia to Maramuret, whili tioru arriving along^thewegtern shores of the Black Seao on a route we call the West pintjc hout"yoqd-stop in the eouth-eastern plain of Romania and in Moldaviaz; butin Moldavia there also_arrive spicimens that, starting from central it.ly,fly in the direction ENE across ihe Adriatic Sea and Yugoslavia (see TabieI for the recoveries of quaile rinqed in Tunisia an Italvi

- Reffering t_o the qriail'e wesl Pontic Route, *" poir,t out that it couldnot be identified with any of the migration routes ioted by R u d e e c u

e The idea of a route along the eastern part of the Balkan Pensinsula is accepted bv the'Bulgarian ornithologiete, too (PJtrov and Doncev, 1969), but they tlink tlit iiiJaleooriginating in Italy (D o n c e v, in litt.).

372 DAN MUNTEANU, UIRCEA UITIE9

Fig, 6. - The quail'e arriving dates in the l9l2 spring. For explanations soe Fige' 3-5.

(1958) in south-eaet Romania, for it is much wider than, for instance' theSarmatic, Pontic or Black Sea Coast toutes. Hence, it is superposed on theaerather narrow routeE, including all of them by its wide front between theSnakes' Ieland and the Birigan Plain.

The nature of sequence ol the average arrival dates in the CarpathianBaein proves that, among the quails arriving in the Traneylvanian Plateau,there are birds coming from those migrants that have paesed acrose theItalic Penineula. Thie Lave been aleo proved by the fact that, between thparriving dates for the gouthern part of the country-{6"IY) and thoee for theFieEraq-Sibiu Depression, therl is a too large difference in caee the birdewould have mostly migrate in a such direction (Fig. ). And last, anotherevidence is the ep'ecimen ringed at Castel Fugano on 12,V.1934 and r€cove'ried at Odorheiu Secuiesc during the next month.

Nevertheleeso the obeervatione on migratory quaila croeeing the Sout-hern Carpathians range 3 make us believe that, at least a part of the breed-

3 Retezat Mountains, autumn 1891, a flock of 60 epecimens flying at 2'000 m- high(A d a m B u d a, l89l); Fdg[rag Mountaine, at the gpPer forest- border, 1,700 m-high, oneipecimen (W. Klemm, ir.-litt.'); farcu'Godeanu Mountaine, in the montb of May (yearunknown),'several dead epecimeni near a searchlight (F. K 6 n i g). It eeeme that the quailusually paesee the Southein Carpathians at height and does not follow the valleys;-thieie theody rlaeonable explanation fof the fact that-M{tie9 1vo-ul{ not succeeg to idcntify-theape|ies in the lower area of the Olt defilee (Brezoi-Cilimtnepti) during a research wotk of 60 dayrdietributed iu a whole year (Novembet L972 - November l9?3).

TIIE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX L.) IN ROUANIA 313

TABLE IRecovery datee of quails ringed abroad

Ringing Site and Date Recovery Site snd Date

Caetel Fusano (ltaly),30.tv.1931

Ciorani (Prahova),l6.IX.l93l

Castel Fueano (Itdy),20.v.1932

Axintele (IUov),13.IX.t933

Castcl Fusano (Itdy),t2.v.r934

t*ii1nll;;?" (ttarv)'

Caetel Fusano (Italy),r7.v.r935

ou"if$rf*uieec (Harghita),

Lenauheim (Timig),25.V.1935

Fierbinli - Tirg (Ilfov),16.VIII.l935

Cagtel Fusano (Italy),30.[v.1937

Butoejti (Meherling),r5.vll.(r93? ?)

Roma (Italy),16.v.1938

Modena (Itdy),30.IV.1939

Bologna (Itdy),11.v.1941

Birca (Dolj),28.VIII.l939

T"{;!hr"#du) (Dorj),

Blilegti (Dolj),2.IX.t955

Tinca (Bihor),r9.IX.1956

Mihlilegti (Ilfov),23.IX.1956

RdmaniaixtI.1956

Costegti (Vilcca),25.IIL1962

Cornetu (Ilfov),2.VIII.l959

l0

ll

Genova (Italy),30.v.1950 .

Plenila (Dolj),l8.vIILl958

ltaly,, 20.v.1954

12

-13Napoli (I.taly),

?.v.1956

"t fir:ff;;' caPc Bon (runieia),

l4

t5 Genova (Italy),22.1V.t957

", S:l$$?tcape Bon (runieia),

l6

l?

Parma (Italy),2.V.1959

"";;39.$tu''lY' rtalY)'

N' B' The Table was made on the basig of the data received from Laboratorio di Zoolocia{pplicataaua caccia in Bologna and or those regirt"r"a-ry ir"-n.-"d; o;;ith;jd;j C;;il;(r. crtuneanu). The ricove,ry tocalitiei !ie-i"ai"it"a-i"-irig.'i-t;*""pt caee No. l4).

374 DAN ]TIUNTEANU, MIRCEA IIITIE$

ing population from the interior of the Carpathian chain arrives on the eouth-eastern route, joining to those birds coming from west.

Henceo probably excepting Moldavia and Dobrudja, the rest of thequails breeding in our country have a double source: in Traneylvania andOltenia there are predominant the birds arrived on the weetern route withthe addition of the specimens that flied across Bulgaria and the Black Sea;in Yalachia, to the quails arrived on the West Pontic route, there are addedthose that have migrated across Tunisia and Italy.

Fis. ?. - The recovery eitee of tO" n?1i#1r":1":Or,t".r:U. The underlined localitiee represent

The Duration of Spring Passage. The analysis of the data concerningquail's migration througi oi"

"oot ity leads us to the conclusion that the

p-m..g" of- this species lasts for a pretty long timeo namely more than sixittuks] It usuailj' begins, moetly in the southern part' on the- first daye

of April, althoujh seieral observatione have been noticed at the end ofMarch, e.g.: 23IIII.1896, Arad; 30.III.1909, Ocna Sibiului; 25.III.l9ll'Arad;'28.iII.191f, Cirliqoara (Sibiu District); 23.III.1912, Vinlu de Jos(Alba District) ; 28.III .I9LZ, Nadeg (Mureg

- District) ; 25.III.1962^'

- Costegti

(Vil""r Dietrict); 31.III.\9?30 Poiana Lacul_li (Argeq District). Of course,earlier observationso from the beginning of March oi even February -refer towintering specimens and not to the arrival of-1!e first migratory birds. ,

Th"e fiiiening moment of the pasEage is difficult-to be precisely checked.What we could eiate ie that, uoder common conditions, this moment ie

situated in the second half of May. So, in a great many places of Transylvaniathe first quail specimen have bein registereil in the firJt or only in the _thirddecade of May (especially in Maramureg). D r o s t (1930) also noted thequail passage in the whole period of her stay in the Snakeso Islando i.e. bet'*een 15.IV--13.V.1928 (the apogee being between 22 and 24.IV). Colclu'sive in the same context is the capto"", oi 25.V.1935 at Grabil (Lenauheilcommune, Timig District) of a specimen ringed only two weeks before in Italy(Lin!ia, 1955;e; we also noted quail passages across the town of Clujin the nights of t4/15.Y and, 27128.Y.1958.

It may be concluded that the quail passage over the territory of ,our,country begins in the first days of April (in some years even at the end ofMarch) and lasts about seven weeks, i.e. until the last decade of May.

TEE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX L.) IN ROMANIA 376

2. AESTIVAL MIGRATION

fn some southern or central European countries there was pointedout a very late quail migration, during June-July, a phenomenon for whichwe would use the term of aestioal migration. As it has been ascertained, thebirds migrating through Europe in summer time belong to populations bree-ding in North Africa; under circumstances of excessive hot weather anddroughts, they pass across the Mediterranean Sea (together with their chicksin the case of their survival) and come to breed the second time in the Euro-pean countries.

Up to dateo in our country are no published data to certify the exis-tence of the quailos aestival migration, but our observations (M. M n t i e g)confirm the reality of such a phenomenon. Soo across the town of Cluj, therehave been noted night passages of migratory quails, sometimes numerous,on the following dates: 26.VI.L955, 27128.YI.I955, 3.VI.1958, 13.VI.1960,19.VI.1960, 2.VI.L965 and 1S.VII.1965; at Piteqtio a similar observationhas been registred on 25.YI.19?1.

Certainlyo the lack of adequate data about ringed birds makee it dif-ficult to establish the finishing moment of the spring passage and the begin-ning of the aestival migration; the more so as, at the end of May and begin-ning of June, the observation concerning migratory quails have a closeEequence. This most interesting aspect of the quail's biology might be com-pletely elucidated only by a larger research based on massive capturee ofbirds during the months of May-July.

3. AUTUMN MIGRATION

The first signs of the autumn migration are visible early in Augusteo that in some years, in several parts of Transylvania and Banato there isnothing but solitary specimens in the fields at the beginning of the hunting

Specimens,ring_e9 in May in ltaly have been also recorded in Hungary or Yugoslaviabetween 20.Y and f S.V=II (Aquili, tSO4-tgOSl Larus, 1955-1968).

376 DAN UUNTEANU, MIRCEA MI?IE$

season GS.yII,I). -Yet, it is possible to be a matter of local displacementsby which the birds concentrate themselves in some regions wherifrom theywould afterwarde leave for their wintering areas.

In the southern part of the country the earliest movements of migra-tory character are visible at the end of August. In Bdrigan the passageapogee is usually situated in the second decade of September (aciordingto Rudescu (195B) between 3 and 20.IX), when important guail flockibreeding in the northern half of Europe fly across the iastern part of thecountry coming from N-NE and migrating towards their wintering areas,by the eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin. In Dobrudja accordingto R u d e s c u (1958), the quail passage takes place a little later (after 15th Sep-tember) but it is well known what happend in the night of l2/13.IX.I9f0,when hundreds of migratory birds died at Sulina, being attractedby the lighthouse (R e t t i g, 19f f). A similar catastrophe of larger sizetook place in the 6ame town 25 years later, on the days of 27-28.X.1935(Schnell, 1935).

From our centralized observations it follows that in the south-easternpart. of the country .thg pas.sSg-e last- until the end of October, and latespecimens pass on until the middle of the next month. Concerning this situa-tiono we appreciate that the quails observed after 20th November wouldnot migrate southwardo but they would remain for wintering in Romania(see chapter 4).

Coming back to Transylvaniao we have to point out the fact that thereis to be noted here a smaller quail migration in September and the beginningof October but we'are not yet

-able to Lnow the prdportion between thJnativebirds and those belonging to some northern populations and the directionof their movements 6. Late, isolated specimens have been noted up to theend of October (Sicueni, Bihor District, 17.X.1957 lK ov6t s et. aI.,L970l1,Topolov5!, Timig Dietrict,23.X.l93B, S. Paqcovschi in litt.) or evenat the beginning of November (Fig[rag Depression, Czyn k (1892); Soco-dor, Arad District, 6.XI.1938, S. Paqcovschi in litt.).

ft comes out from the facts presented above that the quails' autumnmigration begins in Romania in August, gets its apogee in the second andthird decade of September (especially in Birigan and Dobrudja) and finishesin the micldle of November; across the eastern part of the country therepass, southwardo numerous flock of northern birds.

We think it useful to remember a fact well-known to the quail huu-ters, namely that the number of migratory birds varies to a great extentin different years; henceo there are years 'orich in quails'o (e.g. L929, 1937,1938,1939,1953; E. Ignitescu inlitt). ando on the contraryo "poor'oyears, when the number of the birds that can be seen and hunted is small.Moreovero in the last decades there is noted a progressive diminution of thequails' number over the whole range of this species.

6 The routeg of the quails' autumn migration in Europe differ from the spring ones,i.e. the majority of the birde turn around the Mediterranean Sea in the west (acroee the llericPenineula) or in the east (across Asia Minor) and only a little proportion of them come back topass acrose ltaly.

TIIE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX L.) IN ROMANIA 377

4. THE WINTERING OF THE QUAIL IN ROMANIA

Rather numerous obeervations noted by ornithologists or huntersprove that the situatione in which the quails remain for _winter on the ter'iitory of Romania are not rare. The observations espec_ially refer to the be'ginning of rvinter (XI-XII). The cynegetic literaturi (Rosetti'BAln-neicu, 1957; Cotta and Bodea, 1969 etc.) states that theseepe'cimens are juvenils coming from late clutches (unable of accompa-nying theflocke of migratory birds) and they would afterwards die during t e winte-r.

Howev-er, Do*browsti lf9fZ) affirms that some quails usuallyremain for wintering in our country during the mild winters I winter obeer'vations were recorded also by I. -P

o p (1968)i one specimen at Axintele,Ilfov Districto on 2.I.l944 lind R. Bratosin (1968/5 birde at CapDolojman, Dobrudja, January 1968 l. On the other hand, at Iagi-the {}ailsare noted only towards the

-end of the winters, i.e. they would regularlycome in the list decade of February (I. Ion, in litt.), which apPears like apaoeage beginning. The situation, as well as the observations of Eome Epe'.imeni during March (in the districts of Arado Timig, Sibiu, Bistrila'N_6siud,Caraq-Severin, Hunedoara, Braqov, and Maramureqo in the yeare l9l0-1914, cf. Aquila) make us suppose that the quails which spent their winterin our country'begin slight mbvements northward as 6oon as they

-wou_ldfeel the spring waimth; they would begin their proper migration only thenext month.

Taking into account the whole seasonal displacements of the quailson the European Continent, we can draw that the specimens remainingin our country for winter time do not belong to the local population (exceptthe juvenils coming from tardy broods), but to the populatione of northernEurope that arrive in Romania in September-October and leave in April.

DEPLASARILE SEZONIERE ALE PREPELITEI (COTURNIXcoruRNrx L.) lN RoMaNrA

REZUMAT

Bazindu-se pe o documentare bogat6, autorii prezinti in lucrarea defali un tablou de ansamblu asupra dinamicii sezoniere a prepelilei in taranoastri.

Prin prelucrarea gi interpretarea a aproape 1.000 de observalii referi-toare la migralia de primivari a acestei epecii, au foet calculate datele mediide eoeire in principalele unittrli fizicogeografrce ale 16rii (fig. 3), ceea ce apermis in acelagi timp elucidarea direcliilor urmate de prepelile in curgulmigraliei lor prenupliale. Se constati c5o exceptind poate Moldova giDobrogea,reetul populaliei noastre clocitoare are o origine dubld: in Tranail-vania gi Oltenia predominl pisirile venite pe drumul vestic (Tunisia-Italia-Iugoslavia gi Ungaria), la care se adaugi exemplare care au migrat peste

3?8 DAN IIUNTEANU, MIRCEA MI'TIE$

Bulgaria_ gi Marea Neagri, iar in Muntenia, prepelilelor sosite pe calea vest-pontici li se alituri exemplare care au trecui din Africa peste peninsulaItalic5. Fig. f exprimi in mod clar modul in care inainteazi pisirile migra-toare: in lungul cimpiei din vestul lirii datele medii de sosire se succed

-din

cimpia Timigului pini in cea a Careilor, iar in zona centrali a lirii din depre-siunea F[giragului 9i Sibiului in cea a Maramuregului; in regiunile situatelateral fali de principalele drumuri de migragie (clisura Duniriio M-1ii Apu-seni, depr. Birsei etc.), pisirile soseec apreciabil mai tirziu. Datele inscrisein frg. 4-6 converg in sensul concluziilor centralizate in harta anterioari.

De asemenea, lucrarea aduce preciziri asupra ciii de migralie a pre-pelilelor care trece peste zona vestici a Mirii Negre (numiti de autori dru-mul t:est-pontic) ; se constati apoi ci in pasajul loro prepelilele sint capabilesE traverseze lanlul Carpalilor Meridionali.

Pasajul de primivar6 debuteazE in sudul lirii la inceputul lunii apri-lie (rareori in ultima siptdmini din martie) gi dureazd pini in a treia decadia lunii mai. Prin cercetirile intreprinse 6-a pu6 in evidenli gi in lara noastriexistenla unei migralii estiaaleo notatd de la sfirgitul lunii mai pini la mij-locul lunii iulie.

Migragia de toamni incepe in luna august, are intensitatea maximiin septembrie gi se incheie la mijlocul lunii noiembrie. Pisirilor autohtoneli se alitur5, mai ales in partea de risdrit a lirii, importante efective depisiri nordice. Se cunosc de asemenea cazuri de iernare a prepelilelor lnRomAniao dar aceste pisiri aparlin probabil unor populalii nordice.

CE3OHHbIE NEPE.qBU)KEHI4.'T ilEPEIIEJIOK(coTURNrX COTURIVIX L.) B pyMbrHUrll

PE3IOME

Onnpaacr ua o6urupuylo AoKyMeHTaIIuro, aBTopbI l,t3Jrararor B HacroflIrlefipa6ore o6ulyro Kaprr{Hy ce3oHuofi AuHamnKn neperleJroK y Hac B crpaHe.

Paccmarplrrafl v *rcroJrKoBbrBafl 6oltrtle rblc.Errl{ 3ar{eqaHvft Kacarculru(cflBeceHHeft Mlrfpaqnl4 gToro BLrAa, Bbltrr.rcJreHbr cpe.qHHe r[rcJla rlpudblTu.E [epene-JroK B rJr€lBHbre 0r43nKo-r'eorpa0uqecKr{e rryHKTbr cTpaHbr (pnc. 3), qTo rro3BoJII{JroBbr.EcH!{Tb oAHOBpeMeHHO U HanpaBJreH[t cJre,qyelrlbre nepeleJrKaMl4 BO BpeM.E

ux upeg6paqHofi trr4rpaquu. Orueqaerca rrro, 3a scKJrrorreHl4eu, Ivro)fiEr 6bITbToJrbKo MorAaenu u ,u,o6pyAxr1l, Bce Haure Hecyqeecfi HaceJleHue I{Mesr ABofiHoenpor{cxo)r{Aeur{e: B Tpancumnanvr vt B OJrreHzH npeo6raAalor rrrI,IrIbI [pn6brB-rrlre no salraAHoMy rryrr.r (Tylrnc, VlTa[lf./rfr, Iorocnasux n Benrpna) K Koropbrlrrupr{coeArlrHfircTcE nepeneJrKr4 Mr{rpupoBaBlul4e qepe3 BoJrlapulo n qepnoe Mope,a r Myrrenr4ra K rrepefleJrK€rm npu6brBurram 3arraAno-MopcKum nyrelvr [pt4coeAl{-Hffrorc.E upu6rrnurue us A$puxu qepes firtulbffHcKl{ft noJryocrpoB. Ha puqmxe3 scso noKa3aH cuoco6 nepeABrDxeur{fi nepeJrerubrx rrrnq BAoJrb 3auaAHoft crerrucrpaubr, cpeAHI,Ie qucJra upu6urua qepeAyrorcfi HarrlrHafl or AoJrrrHbI peKlr Traulruru go Kapefi, a B llerrrpaJrbHofi soue crpanbr, HauI{HaE or HItSMeHHocrn @erepauru Cu6vy H Ao HrrsMeHuocrz Mapainypeura: B odracrffx' Koropble Jrexar no6oquo

TSE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX L.) IN ROMANIA

or DraBHoro rpaxra mrlrparyfi (grynaficxue cyurrxKn, Sana.Errre ropbl, HlIgMeH-nocrn Eupca u r.g.) murlbr flpr{Jreraror ropasAo rro3)Ke, CseAeHna 3arrlrcaHnbleHa pncyuKil( 4-6 cxoAarc.E c BbrBoAaMV npuJraraeuoft Kaprbr.

O,qroapemenno n pa6ore yrotrHsercfi rryTb Mr4rpaq[r{ [epeneJroK nepeJre-raroulrD( qepes sauaArryro soHy Vepnoro Mopx (nasnannaa aBTopamr{ sanaduouapcxoii nymt); ycraHaBJrr{BaErcfl TaK)r(e r{ro npu ll:( flepenere flepeuerlKlr BcocroflHr{r{ uepeJrererb uepes IOxnrre Kapuarur.

Becennufi nepeJrer Halrnuaercfl Ha rcre crpaHbr B HaqaJre anperrfi (pe4xoua nocnegnefi HeAe[e Mapra Mecflrla) u upo4olrxaercfi Ao rperrefi AeKaAbr Mecsqauax. BotegcrBl{e [pe.qrpr{Hrrrbrx r{ccJreAoBarrufi ycrauonaeHo rrro y Hac B crpaHe6rrsaer ttemuuil nepetetn, npr.rmeqeHHbrft or xoHrla Mecsqa NLas. n Ao [oJroBr{HbII{IOJIfi.

Ocenna.g Mr.Irpaqlrg Halrrinagrct B aBrycre, camag l{IrreHcnBHaff npoucxoAl{Tr cenra6pe lI gaxauqr{Baerc.E K [oJroBtrHe non6pa. K rysemnrrm nrnrlau [p[coe,qu-Hfftorcfi, s oco6euHocfrl B Boqtoqnofi rracru crpaHbr, ceBepHbre rrrnllbl guaqrt-renrgofi qncJreugocrblo. I,Ignecrnrr raKxe crytlau gt,tMoBaHI,Ig nepe[eJloK BPymrnrurn, Ho orrr nrrrrlbr npfiHaAnoxar, AoJrxHo 6mtr, cenepHomy Hace[eH[K).

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