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The Real 4G – LTE-Advanced
Presented by: Clive Wan
Senior Business Development Manager
Aeroflex Asia Limited
Standardization Schedule for IMT/LTE-Advanced
3GPP RAN
LTE CR phase
#38 #39 #40 #41 #42 #43 #44 #46 #47 #48 #49 #50 #51 #52 #53
WS 2nd WS
Work itemStudy itemLTE-Advanced
Technicalspecifications
2009 2010 20112007 2008
ITU-RWP5D
meetings
Proposals
Evaluation
Consensus
Specification
WRC-07
Circular letter to invite proposals
Spectrum identified
Circular letter
Study item approved in 3GPP
Agreed on requirements for IMT-Advanced
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11
Release 10 Specification to be approved
#45
Standardization Schedule for IMT/LTE-Advanced
3GPP RAN
LTE CR phase
#38 #39 #40 #41 #42 #43 #44 #46 #47 #48 #49 #50 #51 #52 #53
WS 2nd WS
Work itemStudy itemLTE-Advanced
Technicalspecifications
2009 2010 20112007 2008
ITU-RWP5D
meetings
Proposals
Evaluation
Consensus
Specification
WRC-07
Circular letter to invite proposals
Agreed on LTE-Advanced requirements
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11
Complete submission incl. self-evaluation ofLTE-Advanced
#45
Initial technology submission ofLTE-Advanced
LTE-A: Key Technologies Study
Max. 4 streams
LTE-A
Max. 8 streams
Carrier Aggregation
DL enhanced MIMO UL enhanced MIMO
RelaysCoMP
General Requirements for LTE-Advanced
� LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE
� LTE-Advanced shall meet or exceed IMT-Advanced
requirements within the ITU-R time plan
� Extended long-term LTE-Advanced targets
Syste
m
Perf
orm
an
ce
IMT-Advanced requirements and time plan
Rel. 8 LTE
LTE-Advanced
targets
Time
LTE-Advanced (4G) requirements/targets
� Meet/exceed IMT-Advanced requirements within
the ITU-R time frame
– BW = 100 MHz
– DL = 1 Gbps
– UL = 500 Mbps
– 8x8 MIMO DL
– 4x4 MIMO UL
– C-plane latency <= 50 ms
– U-plane latency <= 5 ms
– Higher average spectrum efficiency & cell edge user throughput
– Spectrum flexibility with newly allocated bands
– Self-organising networking/deployment
� Network complexity make it not possible for manual optimisation
� A smooth and low cost transition from LTE (R8) to LTE-A
– Coexist with LTE
– Progressive infrastructure and terminal upgrades
� Scalable functionalities
Fundamental Technologies
� LTE-A is a combined effort of the key
technologies:
– Carrier aggregation
– Enhanced multi-antenna technologies
– Coordinated multi-point transmission (CoMP) ����
SLIPPED TO Rel-11
– Relays
– Heterogeneous networks
– Enhanced Inter Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC)
technologies
Benefits of Carrier Aggregation
� Coverage improvement
Proprietary Aeroflex 8
Low frequency, large coverage area
High frequency: data booster
Variety of scenarios on coverage
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Coverage increase with f1Data booster in f2 (f2>f1)
Cell edge throughput improvement
f2 used for cell overlapping areas
Hot Spotsf1 provides macro coverage and
f2 is used to provide throughput at hot spots
f1 f2
Spectrum utilizations/flexibility
� LTE peak rates required 20MHz
� An operator may not have 20MHz contiguous BW
� Carrier Aggregation is the answer
� 10MHz in band 12 and 10MHz in band 6 for instance…
Proprietary Aeroflex 10
NSN success story on LTE-A
Proprietary Aeroflex 11
MWC’11 NSN Carrier Aggregation Demo
http://www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com/news-events/press-room/press-releases/lte-
advanced-carrier-aggregation-on-commercial-equipment-a-wor
MWC’11 Carrier Aggregation demo
� Highlights
– DL Carrier Aggregation of 300Mbps
– Contiguous and non-contiguous spectrum
– On the same or different bands
– Suitable for over the air operation
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Enhanced Multi-Antenna Techniques
� Higher-order MIMO for peak spectrum efficiency
– Evolutions of MU-MIMO
– DL 4x4 MIMO will be the baseline (15 bps/Hz => 1.5 Gpbs
with 100 MHz)
– DL 8x8 MIMO will be included (30 bps/Hz)
– UL 4x4 MIMO will be included (15 bps/Hz)
– Evolutions of MU-MIMO
– 2 code-words ���� 2 BRP chains
– More advanced receiver proposed
– Average & cell-edge spectrum efficiencies
– UL : MMSE-IRC
– DL : Possibility of MMSE-SIC or MLD
Enhanced Multi-antenna Techniques: DL
� Specify additional reference signals (RS)
– Two RSs are specified in addition to Rel. 8 common RS (CRS)
– Channel state information RS (CSI-RS)
– UE-specific demodulation RS (DM-RS)
� UE-specific DM-RS, which is precoded, makes it possible to apply
non-codebook-based precoding
� UE-specific DM-RS will enable application of enhanced multi-user
beamforming such as zero forcing (ZF) for, e.g., 4-by-2 MIMO
Max. 8 streams
Enhanced
MU-MIMO
Higher-order MIMO up
to 8 streams
CSI feedback
� Introduction of single user (SU)-MIMO up to 4-streams
transmission
– Whereas Rel. 8 LTE does not support SU-MIMO, LTE-Advanced
supports up to 4-streams transmission
� Signal detection scheme with affinity to DFT-Spread OFDM for
SU-MIMO
– Turbo serial interference canceller (SIC) is assumed to be used for eNB
receivers to achieve higher throughput performance for DFT-Spread
OFDM
– Improve user throughput, while maintaining single-carrier based signal
transmission
Max. 4 streams
SU-MIMO up to 4 streams
Enhanced Multi-Antenna Techniques: UL
CoMP = Co-ordinated Multi-point Transmission
� Coordinated transmission and reception from
different points
– Allows for macro-diversity, coordinated scheduling
or distributed MIMO
– Requires special feedback from UE
� CSI feedback (FB)
– Explicit CSI FB (direct channel FB) is investigated to
conduct precise precoding, as well as implicit CSI FB
(precoding matrix index FB) based on Rel. 8 LTE
– Implies coordination between geographically
separated points
– Different schemes:
� Joint Processing (JP)
� Coordinated scheduling/beam-forming
CoMP Transmission in Downlink
� Joint processing (JP)
– Joint transmission (JT): Downlink physical shared channel
(PDSCH) is transmitted from multiple cells with precoding using
Demodulation Reference Signals (DM-RS) among coordinated cells
– Dynamic cell selection: PDSCH is transmitted from one cell, which
is dynamically selected
� Coordinated scheduling/beamforming (CS/CB)
– PDSCH is transmitted only from one cell site, and
scheduling/beamforming is coordinated among cells
Coherent combining or dynamic cell selection
Coordinated scheduling/beamformingJoint transmission/dynamic cell selection
suppress
CoMP Reception in Uplink
� CoMP reception scheme in uplink
– Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is received at
multiple cells
– Scheduling is coordinated among the cells
– Improve especially cell-edge user throughput
– CoMP reception in uplink is implementation matter and
does not require any change to radio interface
Receiver signal processing at
central eNB (e.g., MRC, MMSE-IC)
Multipoint reception
3GPP relays (1)
� “LTE-Advanced extends LTE Rel-8 with support for
relaying as a tool to improve e.g. the coverage of high data
rates, group mobility, temporary network deployment, the
cell-edge throughput and/or to provide coverage in new areas”
� Self backhaul capabilities
� At least 2 receive antennas supported
� Only stationary relays considered
– No need of power control on the backhaul link
– The link between eNB and Relay could use beamforming
Self-backhaul interface
3GPP relays (2)
� The relay node (RN) is wirelessly connected to
a donor cell of a donor eNB via the Un interface, and
UEs connect to the RN via the Uu interface
� Un connection can be:
– Inband: the eNB-to-RN link share the same band with direct
eNB-to-UE links within the donor cell
– Outband: the eNB-to-RN link does not operate in the same
band as direct eNB-to-UE links within the donor cell
3GPP Relays Type
� 3GPP relays are divided in:
– Type 1/1a (Type 1 is an in-band relay and Type 1a is an out-of-band relay)
� Type 1 is far more interesting from a 3GPP point of view because BW is
a precious resource
� It is a L3 relay
� It controls cells (each of ones appears to the UE as a separate cell)
� Each controlled cell shall have its own cell ID and the relay transmits its
own SCH, RS etc
� The UE shall receive scheduling information and HARQ feedback
directly from the relay and send its control channels to the relay
� It shall appear as a Rel-8 eNB to the Rel-8 UEs
� It should be possible for the relay to appear to Rel-10 UEs differently
than a Rel-8 eNB (to allow for performance enhancements)
– Type 2
� L2 relay
� Targets throughput rise
� No separate cell ID and thus doesn’t create any new cell(s)
� At least a Rel8 UE should not be aware of its presence
Relays Testing
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RF link
Simulated link
Deployment Scenarios – Heterogeneous Networks
� Different approach with respect to the past
– Considering already the possibility of having heterogeneous
network deployments (with hundreds of thousands of nodes
of different types) from the beginning
� Allows for deployment flexibility
� Avoids specifications/ ad-hoc deployments efforts (see
current femtocells status)
Deployment scenarios – Heterogeneous Networks (Inter Cell Interference Coordination in case of CA)
� Heterogeneous network deployments might benefit from
some of the new LTE-A features (such as relays and carrier
aggregation) that will introduce more flexibility in the
deployment
Deployment Scenarios – Heterogeneous Networks (ICIC in case of non-CA)
� Examples of ICIC for non-CA scenarios – still to be decided
which one(s)
� Power control techniques could be used too
a) OFDM symbol shifting b) Extension of Rel-8 ICIC in time
domain
c) Freq domain approachd) Inter-subframe scheduling
Inter-subframe scheduling
of macro users
Inter-subframe scheduling of
pico cell edge users
Pico users within RSRP coverage
Rel-8/9 pico cell edge users
Rel-8/9 macro cell users
Inter-subframe scheduling
of macro users
Inter-subframe scheduling of
pico cell edge users
Pico users within RSRP coverage
Rel-8/9 pico cell edge users
Rel-8/9 macro cell users
TM500 Product Family Strategy
Proprietary 26
3GPP LTE RoadmapBeam Forming
eMBMS4x2 MIMO
EAST500
Research ProgrammesInterference Cancellation
Carrier Aggregation
Advanced FeaturesLTE-A Carrier Aggregation
High order MIMO / data rates
Network InnovationSelf Organising Networks (SON)
Energy Efficiency
Flexible Software Defined Radio
Industry leader in Wireless Cellular Infrastructure Test
Scalable architecture supporting 1 to 1000s UEs
TM500“Real World” Simulation
Mobility models / fading channelsReal Data Applications
TM500 LTE-A upgrade path
Proprietary Aeroflex 27Proprietary Aeroflex 27
CAT 2,3,4
Rel-[8-9]
CAT-5
(4x4 on 20 MHz)
Rel-10 40 MHz Carrier
Aggregation
(PHY + L2 + L3 baseline)
2 Component Carriers
Data ratesDL: 300 Mbps , UL: 50 Mbps
UL MIMO: 2TxTx mode 9: 4 x 2
Rel-8 4x2
RRC/NAS
Higher Order MIMO
>40 MHz BW
RelaysHW upgrade
TM500 Single-UE LTE-A Baseline
Proprietary Aeroflex 28
Prerequisites
LTE Rel-8 CAT-4
TM500 Single-UE LTE-A baseline Option
Carrier Aggregation 2x2@40MHz FDD �
Carrier Aggregation 2x2@40MHz TDD �
Second radio card �
♦ TM500 Single-UE Carrier Aggregation baseline
♦ Upgrade to the baseline LTE-A: SW & HW included
♦ Pre-requisites for TM500 LTE-A
TM500 Single-UE LTE-A Baseline Details
Proprietary Aeroflex 29
Functionality Summary Comments
Functionality PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, L3
Specifications: Rel-10 Dec’10+CRs to be discussed with customer
Technology: FDD, TDD (separate options)
2 Component Carriers (20MHz each) Contiguous and Non-Contiguous
DL: 2 Rx @ 40 MHz
UL: 1 Tx @ 40MHz
Up to 2 Cell Specific RS per carrier (2 Tx on
eNodeB side)
UL/DL Cross Carrier Scheduling
Peak data rates: DL 300Mbps, UL 50Mbps
Up to 2 layers per component carrier
TM500 is a more elegant and attractive solution
� It is a commercial product which adds credibility
� Third party independent validation
� Flexibility in adding customized features for the
demo
� May be more attractive for OTA trials
– e.g. multiple bands support for demos in different
countries
� Early integration with prototype infrastructure HW
reduces risks to the commercial programme
Proprietary Aeroflex 30
Thank You.