The Reformation The Reformation

Martin Luther Martin Luther

Explain!

Causes of the Reformation Causes of the Reformation

• Renaissance emphasis on the secular Renaissance emphasis on the secular and individual challenged church and individual challenged church authorityauthority

• Printing Press spread secular ideasPrinting Press spread secular ideas

• King didn’t like the church trying to King didn’t like the church trying to control themcontrol them

• People tired of paying papal taxesPeople tired of paying papal taxes

Problems with the Catholic Problems with the Catholic ChurchChurch

• 1. Critics of the Church claimed its leaders 1. Critics of the Church claimed its leaders were corruptwere corrupt

• 2. Popes of the Renaissance spent way too 2. Popes of the Renaissance spent way too much money on worldly affairs.much money on worldly affairs.

• One ceremony cost 1/7 of savingsOne ceremony cost 1/7 of savings• Pope Leo X- Most extravagant Pope. Pope Leo X- Most extravagant Pope.

Spent huge sums of money on art and Spent huge sums of money on art and parties.parties.

• ““Since God has given us the papacy, let us Since God has given us the papacy, let us enjoy it.”enjoy it.”

Problems with the Catholic Problems with the Catholic ChurchChurch

• Lower church officials were not very Lower church officials were not very goodgood

• Poorly educatedPoorly educated

• MarriedMarried

• GamblingGambling

• DrinkingDrinking

IndulgencesIndulgences• Leo X wanted to Leo X wanted to

remodel St. Peter’s remodel St. Peter’s BasilicaBasilica

• He needed moneyHe needed money

• To do this he had To do this he had church officials sell church officials sell indulgences- indulgences- pardon for the pardon for the commission of a commission of a sinsin

• Basically a get out Basically a get out of hell free cardof hell free card

What is an Indulgence?What is an Indulgence?

• Indulgence= a Pardon, forgiveness Indulgence= a Pardon, forgiveness for wrong doing.for wrong doing.– Who would he sell them to? Who would he sell them to?

•Sinners- release them from fault.Sinners- release them from fault.• Buy them for your relativesBuy them for your relatives

– Especially if they were dead and needed help in Especially if they were dead and needed help in the afterlifethe afterlife

•Buy them for future sinsBuy them for future sins– That would be the way to plan ahead.That would be the way to plan ahead.

– Can you See a problem?????Can you See a problem?????

Who was Martin Luther Who was Martin Luther • Son of a Miner Son of a Miner

• German Monk German Monk

• Professor at the Professor at the University of University of WittenbergWittenberg

• Resented the Resented the Pope’s official, Pope’s official, Johan Tetzel, Johan Tetzel, selling indulgencesselling indulgences

Taking a Stand!!!!Taking a Stand!!!!• October 31,1517 October 31,1517

Martin Luther nails Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to the his 95 Theses to the Wittenburg Church Wittenburg Church Doors.Doors.

• Protesting the acts Protesting the acts of the Church.of the Church.

• Wanted a debate, Wanted a debate, but got a revolutionbut got a revolution

• If you havin’ church If you havin’ church problems I feel bad problems I feel bad for you son, I got 95 for you son, I got 95 problems and the problems and the pope is one!pope is one!

Three Basic Teachings of Three Basic Teachings of LutherLuther• 1.People could win salvation only by 1.People could win salvation only by

faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. faith in God’s gift of forgiveness. “Salvation by Faith”“Salvation by Faith”

• 2. All people of faith were equal, 2. All people of faith were equal, therefore people could read and therefore people could read and interpret the bible for themselvesinterpret the bible for themselves

• 3. All Church teachings should be 3. All Church teachings should be based on the bible.based on the bible.

The Pope’s ThreatThe Pope’s Threat• 1520 Pope Leo X threatened Martin 1520 Pope Leo X threatened Martin

Luther with excommunication from the Luther with excommunication from the church unless he recanted his church unless he recanted his statementsstatements

• Luther refused to recant and publicly Luther refused to recant and publicly burnt the Pope’s decree condemning himburnt the Pope’s decree condemning him

• Pope Leo X then excommunicates Martin Pope Leo X then excommunicates Martin LutherLuther

• Do not pass go, do not collect $200, go Do not pass go, do not collect $200, go straight to hell.straight to hell.

Luther becomes an outlawLuther becomes an outlaw

• 1. Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, 1. Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, controlled Germany.controlled Germany.

• Issued the Edict of Worms- declared Issued the Edict of Worms- declared Luther an Outlaw and a Heretic. No Luther an Outlaw and a Heretic. No one could aid Lutherone could aid Luther

• Luther goes into hiding and Luther goes into hiding and translates the Bible into Germantranslates the Bible into German

Lutherans Were Born Lutherans Were Born

• Priests became Priests became ministers.ministers.

• Wear normal Wear normal clothesclothes

• Services led in Services led in German instead of German instead of Latin. Latin.

• Clergy were free to Clergy were free to wed.wed.

The Peasants RevoltThe Peasants Revolt

• 1. 1524- peasants take Luther’s ideas 1. 1524- peasants take Luther’s ideas of Christian Freedom to heart and of Christian Freedom to heart and demand an end to serfdomdemand an end to serfdom

• 2. Peasants roam the countryside 2. Peasants roam the countryside raiding monasteries, churches, etcraiding monasteries, churches, etc

• 3. Luther horrified. Calls for their 3. Luther horrified. Calls for their destructiondestruction

• 100,000 dead. Many lose faith in 100,000 dead. Many lose faith in LutherLuther

See the differenceSee the difference

How did we get Protestants? How did we get Protestants?

• Many princes of Germany support Luther, Many princes of Germany support Luther, therefore they seized property from therefore they seized property from church and independence from Charles Vchurch and independence from Charles V

• Become known as Protestants- Christians Become known as Protestants- Christians who belong to non-catholic churcheswho belong to non-catholic churches

• Charles V wins, but couldn’t unite the Charles V wins, but couldn’t unite the churchchurch

• 1555- Peace of Augsburg- the ruler of each 1555- Peace of Augsburg- the ruler of each German state can pick the religion of his German state can pick the religion of his statestate

Differences Between Catholics Differences Between Catholics and Protestantsand Protestants• CatholicsCatholics• Faith, Faith,

Sacraments, Good Sacraments, Good WorksWorks

• The Bible as The Bible as interpreted by the interpreted by the ChurchChurch

• Priests appointed Priests appointed by Church and by Church and cannot marrycannot marry

• Elaborate Mass, Elaborate Mass, Service in Latin, 7 Service in Latin, 7 SacramentsSacraments

• ProtestantsProtestants• Faith AloneFaith Alone

• Bible as Bible as interpreted by interpreted by each individualeach individual

• Priesthood of Priesthood of believers, believers, priests can priests can marry, select marry, select own ministerown minister

• Simple service in Simple service in the vernacular, the vernacular, 2 sacraments 2 sacraments (Lords Supper (Lords Supper and Baptism)and Baptism)

SalvatioSalvationn

AuthoritAuthorityy

ClergyClergy

WorshipWorship