The Reformation

The Reformation

Direct Challenges to the Authority of the Catholic Church

Causes of the Reformation By 1500, Renaissance values and ideals threatens church authority

Rulers resent the popes attempt to control themGerman merchants resent church ban on usuryCauses of the Reformation Early Reformers challenge the Church

John WycliffeJohn HusChallenged Popes authorityBible was the word of GodHus was executedWycliffes body burned

Martin Luther - Catholic monk in GermanyWrote and posted the 95 Theses (protests): Challenged indulgences and authority of pope

The Catalyst

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Luthers Teachings:

Salvation won by faith aloneBible is ultimate authority All people equal in faith

Response to Luther

Excommunicated by popeLuther is named a heretic (criminal) by MonarchsLuther found support among German princesEdict (Judgment) of Worms (1521)

Changes in German StatesBeginning of LutheranismPriests - wore ordinary clothesCalled MinistersSermons delivered in German instead of Latin

Effects

Peasant Revolt (1524) demand an end to serfdom and church tithesWar in German States: Protestants v. Catholics: Known as 30 Years War

Peace of Augsburg (1555) religion decided by the ruler of each German state (Catholic or Lutheran)

The Reformation Continues The Reformer John Calvin in SwitzerlandBeliefs:- God has chosen , prior to birth who will be saved -Destiny revealed by living a righteous life & work ethic-Creation of one Church-Bible =

PredestinationCalvinismhighest authority Changes in Switzerland French ProtestantsPractice insecrecy. Persecution was common - King grants religious toleration & peaceful worship in own churchesThe Reformation Continues HuguenotsEdict Of Nantes Changes in FranceEngland: King Henry asks pope to annul Pope refuses

The Reformation Continues Calls Parliament to session requests laws to end popes rule in England

Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy (1534)King head of Englands Church (Anglican)set aside his marriageUnder Elizabeth the National Church of England was recreated with toleration

Changes in EnglandCheck all that applyArea of ReformationViolenceNew religious tradition (or Church)Monarch or royalty InvolvedTheologian InvolvedResulted in more rel. toleranceGermany or German StatesEnglandFrance Switzerland