The Renaissance(1485-1625)

3BLS YUNHUI ZHENG

Henry VII(1485-1509)Following the Wars of Roses , Henry Tudor came to the throne as Henry VII.

He was determined to bring order to an England that had suffered from many years of civil war.

He increased the power of monarchy because during the conflict he had learnt that the barons could not be trusted.

Portrait of King Henry VII holding a Tudor Rose, 1505

Henry VII restored a strong government based on popular support and , managed to make England a very rich country.

His government was conservative , as were his relations with Parliament and the church.Parliament only had a secondary role.

Portrait of King Henry VII holding a Tudor Rose, 1505

Henry VII(1485-1509)

The House of Tudor

A perfect product of Renaissance.

- He was an enthusiastic patron of arts. He devoted himself to poetry, literature and music and also hunting and tennis.

Henry VIII(1509-1547)

He had six wives:Henry VIII(1509-1547)

The breach with RomeHenry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church.

Henry brought about a real turning point in English religion and culture when the Pope refused to grant him a divorce from his first wife . So he decided to break with Rome.He turned to the English clergy and the English Parliament to declare his marriage void.

He established the Church of England also known as the Anglican Church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy . From this moment on the king became the formal head of Church of England and the Anglican Church became Protestant

The breach with Rome

Act of Supremacy ,1534

Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury, is the cathedral of the Archbishop of Canterbury, leader of the Church of England and symbolic leader of the worldwide Anglican Communion.

The Canterbury Cathedral

The difference between the Anglican Church and Catholic Church are:

-The Bible was seen as the only source of revealed truth(not Pope)

-people could obtain salvation only through the will of God.

-Priests were not the mediators between God and the people anymore

-No hierarchical system in Protestantism and priests could marry and have children.

Portrait of Henry VIII of England ,1537

The English Reformation

He was only ten years old when he came to the throne.

He ruled for just six years.

His sister Mary succeeded him.

Family of Henry VIII c 1545, Prince Edward, Henry VIII, Jane Seymour

Edward VI(1547-1553)

Edward VI as a Child 1538 Edward VI of England 1546 Edward VI of England 1553

Edward VI(1547-1553)

Queen Mary was the daughter of Henry VIIs first wife.

She was a strong Catholic, she re-introduced the Catholic religion in England and was known as ‘Bloody Mary’ because she persecuted so many Protestants .

Mary I(1553-1558)

Queen Mary

At the age of 37, she married Philip II of Spain . Spain was one of England’s enemy.

She never had the son and left the throne to her half-sister Elizabeth when she died.

Mary and her husband, Philip

Mary I(1553-1558)

The last Tudor monarch, was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife. She succeeded to the throne on her half-sister’s death in November 1558.

Queen Elizabeth I Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn.

Elizabeth I(1558-1603)

She was very well-educated(fluent in six languages) and had inherited intelligence and determination from both parents.

Elizabeth I when a Princess ca1546 The Rainbow Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I ca1600

Elizabeth I(1558-1603)

She was one of the most famous queens in English history.

She restored the country’s religious and political power and stability.

The Queen herself was often called ‘ Gloriana ’, ‘Good Queen Bess’ and ‘The Virgin Queen’ (because she never married).

Elizabeth I(1558-1603)

During her reign, she established a secure Church of England by following a wise policy of compromise between the Catholics and the Anglicans and the majority accepted this.

She confirmed the independence of the Church of England and she proclaimed herself Governor. (Second Act of Supremacy)

Queen Elizabeth I of England in her coronation robes 1559

A secure church of England

Elizabeth I in Parliament

Elizabeth’s reign also saw many brave voyages of discovery , like those of Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh, who founded the first English colony in America , named Virginia.These voyages paved the way for a period of colonisation . She established the East India Company (1600). A corporation of investors, aimed of favouring trade privileges

Virginia in United States

Voyages of ‘discovery’

ARTS

The arts flourished, too. Country houses such as Longleat and Hardwick Hall were built and theatres thrived .

A View of Longleat, Jan Siberechts, 1675

Arts

Hardwick Hall

The arts flourished, too. Country houses such as Longleat and Hardwick Hall were built and theatres thrived .

Arts

Elizabeth I’s reign, however , was also clouded by danger and threats from different sides

-From Mary Stuart, her cousin. Heir to the throne after Elizabeth, she was a Catholic. After the death of her husband in 1560, she returned to England and hoped to restore Catholicism to the country by becoming queen. But she never managed to and Elizabeth had her executed in 1587.

A danger and difficult reign

Mary Stuart

-From Spain, in 1588 Philip II of Spain sent his powerful fleet, The Invincible Armada to invade England and to restore the Catholic faith, but it was unsuccessful and was defeated by the English fleet.

A danger and difficult reign

Philip II of Spain

During Elizabeth’ s long reign , the nation suffered from high prices and severe economic depression. These wars were very costly . Elizabeth left large debts to her successor James I.

Elizabeth's funeral cortège, 1603, with banners of her royal ancestors

A danger and difficult reign

James I was the son of Mary Stuart of Scotland and her second husband.Under his rule he united the crowns of England and Scotland proclaiming himself king of both countries.

James I of England by Daniel Mytens, 1621

James I(1603-1625)

He reigned as an absolute monarch. He excluded Parliament from government and, with the support of the Anglican Church, became a fierce enemy of Catholics.

The Gunpowder Plot , 1605

James I(1603-1625)

The result was many attempts on his life . The most famous being the Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

Because of the introduction of stricter laws against religious, many decided to leave the country in order to practice their religion freely. A group of these known as the Pilgrim Fathers left England in 1620 to escape religious persecution.They sailed on a ship, called the May flower and set off for the New World. The area we know today as New England and founded New Plymouth.

The Pilgrim Fathers