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7/27/2019 The Renaissance Ppt Notes
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7/27/2019 The Renaissance Ppt Notes
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The world Renaissance means
“rebirth”. A 300 year period – marking a transition
between the Middles Ages and Modern
western Europe.
It marked a revival or rebirth interest inlearning and world affairs.
A revival of art and learningA hope to bring back the life and culture of
classical Greece and Rome.
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CAUSES OF THE RENAISSANCE
1. The decline of the Byzantine Empire or Eastern Roman Empire after
1204 lled to an exodus of Greco- Roman scholars to the West.
These scholars brought with them text and knowledge of the classical Greek and Roman
civilizations which had been lost for centuries in the West
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In 1095,Pope Urban II
called for
a crusade, or
war, againstthe Muslims
In the thirteenth century, math and sciences
flourished in the Arabic Islamic countries,compared with the West, where science was
repressed by the Church. Some of this
knowledge made its way into Europe through
Spain or was brought to Europe through the
Crusaders.
2. The Crusades were a
series of battles between
Christians and Muslims in the
Middle East.Christian knights wanted to
take the Holy Land and give it
back to Christians
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Europe was recovering from the Dark ages and the plague.
People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus on
human beings.
3. THE BLACK DEATHTHE OUTBREAK OF THE BUBONIC PLAGUE
RESULTS
1. Europe experiences a massive decline in population
2. Labor is hard to find3. 3.Towns and many serfs freed from feudal obligations
4. Church influence declines
5. Disrupts pattern of trade
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4. The Hundred Years War
The wars between England and
France from 1337 to 1453.
It was a war that encompassed
most of Europe and changed
the role of people in society
5.The Great Schism A split in Church authority weakened
the position of the Church in society.
6. Rise of wealth and
merchant class in Italy
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DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
OF THE RENAISSANCE
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1. REDISCOVERY OF GREEK AND ROMAN
CULTURE
2. EMPHASIZED REASONING- A QUESTIONINGATTITUDE AND FREE INQUIRY
3. EMPHASIZED VIEWING LIFE NOT AS PREPARATIONFOR THE HEREAFTER, BUT LIVING FOR THE
PRESENT
4. Featured great achievements in art, literature
and science.
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THE RENAISSANCE STARTS IN ITALY –
WHY?
1. Italy was the center of Greco-Roman Culture
2. Italy was located on the Mediterranean – absorbing new ideas from the advancedByzantine and Moslem world.
3.Italy had wealthy, influential people who became
patrons(supporters) of art, literature and science.
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Leading Renaissance
Patrons1. Certain Popes in Rome
2. Wealthy merchants in Venice
3. The Medici Family in Florence
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Thriving Renaissance Cities in Italy
1. Florence
2. Milan
3. Genoa
4. Venice
Milan Venice
Florence
Genoa
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Facts about the Italian City-StatesEach city-state:
1. Ran its own affairs2. Collected their own taxes
3. Had its own army
4.No central gov’t – each had ruler or despots –with unlimited power.
5.Merchants and bankers –
wealthiest class – dominatedpolitical live.
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CLASSICAL HERITAGE AND
VALUES
A. The Renaissance scholars looked downed
on the art and literature of the Middle Ages
and wanted to return to the learning of the
Greeks and Romans.
B. As a result a literary movement started in the
14th century Italy called Humanism.
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1. It taught people to live a full life and
welcome new experiences.
2.Humanists wanted people to turn away from
the medieval view that the only important
part of life was working toward eternal
salvation at death.
3. Humanists wanted people to have better
lives in this world, rather than waiting on
the next. Humanism stressed man and histalents.
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4. Humanism stressed studying history,
literature, and philosophies – called the
humanities
5. The Renaissance became a secular movement
– its major interest lying outside the sphere of
religion, even though most remained devout
Catholics.
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4. Humanism stressed studying history, literature,
and philosophies – called the humanities
5. The Renaissance became a secular movement –
its major interest lying outside the sphere of
religion, even though most remained devout
Catholics.
6. Education during the
Renaissance aimed that the “complete or universe
man”(The Renaissance Man)
Who excelled in many fields.
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HUMANISM
Seek
fulfillmentin daily life
Individual
has
dignity
and worth
Challenged long
acceptedtraditions and
institutions
Ideal person
shouldparticipate
in…..
Art, Politics, Sports, Literature
And Music
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HUMANIST
WRITERS
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Baldassare
Castiglione
Wrote a book called The Book of the Courtier
Which describes three characteristics of the perfect courtier
(one in attendance at a royal court- a noble)
•Nobles were born, not made, and should posses
impeccable character, grace, talents, and noble birth.
The perfect noble must develop two basic skills”
•He should participate in military and bodily exercises.
•The noble was expected to fol low a certain standard of
conduc t :
1. Nob les shou ld no t h ide thei r accomp l ishments bu t
shou ld display them w ith grace.
2. The a im of the per fec t nob le was to serve h is pr ince in
an effect ive and honest way.
IMPACT: Cast igl io ne had a great inf luenc e thro ugh his
wri t in g on Renaissance behavior. His book was a
great help in th e shaping of th e Ital ian Renaissance.
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FrancescoPetrarch
1304-1374Italian poet and humanist
Assembled Greek and
Roman writings.
Wrote beauti ful sonnets
expressing romant ic love
in the Vernacular
Known as the Father of
Humanism
Dutch humanist
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Erasmus
Dutch humanist
Desiderius Erasmus
The Praise of Folly
It made fun of m edieval superst i t ion s,prejudic es, up per class, pr iv i leges, and
church abuses.
Used humor to show the immoral and
ignorant behavior of people, including
the clergy. He felt people would beopen minded and be kind to others.
Pushed for a Vernacular form of the
Bible
“I disagree very much with those who
are unwilling that Holy Scripture,
translated into the vernacular, be read
by the uneducated . . . As if the strength
of the Christian religion consisted in the
ignorance of it”
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Giovanni Boccaccio
An Italian author and poet.
Best Known for “Decameron” – A collection
of one hundred tales.
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Sir Thomas More
English Humanist
Wrote: Utopia
A book about a perfect society
Believed men and women live inharmony. No private property, no
war, no poverty and no ignorance
and no one is lazy, all people are
educated and the justice system is
used to end crime instead of executing criminals.
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He was a major French Renaissance
humanist writer, doctor and Renaissance
humanist. He has historically been regarded
as a writer of fantasy, satire, the grotesque,
and both bawdy...
Wrote a comic adventure called
“Gargantua and Pantagruel”
He believed that humans were basically
good and should live their lives by their
instincts, rater than by religious rules.
François Rabelais
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THE VERNACULARREPLACES LATIN IN
LITERATURE
A. In the Middle Ages Latin was the language of literature, the Church, and
the educated people in western Europe.
B. The rise of the vernacular or national language, such as French, Italian,
Spanish, English, etc.
C. At the end of the Middle Ages writers began to use their national
languages and discarded Latin.
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GREAT VERNACULAR WRITERS
Dante (1265-1321) - Called the “Father of Modern Italian.”
Wrote Divine Comedy – a long poem describing Dante’s trip
through Hell, Purgutory and Heaven.
Geoffrey Chaucer
Dante
Chaucer (1343-1400) – wrote the
Canterbu ry Tales
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Niccolò Machiavelli
(1469-1527)
An Italian – wrote The Prince The Prince describes how rulers
maintained power by methods that ignoredright or wrong.
Stated that politically “ the ends justifies
the means” Stated that for rulers, “it was better to be
feared than to be loved”
The Prince continued to influence
European rulers for centuries
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Miguel de Cervantes
(1537-16160
A Spaniard. He ridiculed Middle Age
societies, especially knighthood andchivalry in his book
Don Quixote
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William Shakespeare(1564-1615)
An English playwright
–
Romeo and Juliet
Hamlet
Macbeth
And More
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John Milton(1608-1674)
An Englishman
Retold the Biblical storyof the Creation and the
Garden of Eden in his
epic poem
ParadiseLost
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The Invention of Printing Encourages Literature
Johannes Gutenberg About 1450 printing by movable type wasinvented by Johann Gutenburg (German).
As compared to medieval hand-copy of
books, printing tremendously increasedoutput, accuracy and decreased cost.
It also encouraged literacy and
education. It also encouraged talented
men to write.