The Respiratory SystemChapter 46 Section 3

Function of the Respiratory System-to exchange gases with the cardiovascular

system and the environment-Oxygen IN, Carbon Dioxide OUT

capillary

Types of Respiration (3 types)1. External Respiration- exchange of gases

between the atmosphere and your lungs2. Internal Respiration- exchange of gases

between the blood and body cells3. Cellular Respiration- Oxygen in the cells

help breakdown glucose to produce ATP (energy). Carbon Dioxide is produced as a waste product.

• Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates.

• Nasal Cavity: contain cilia that act as an additional filter of the incoming air. Also

contains mucous that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air.

• Pharynx: passageway leading to the trachea (contains 2 passageways for food and

air)

Nose

Nose

• Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea.

• Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’.

• Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage.

Mucous and cilia lined.

Nose

• Bronchus: 2 tubes that split off from the trachea, each lead to lung. Mucous and cilia

lined.

• Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi.

• Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion

between air and blood (capillaries). HEALTHY HUMAN HAS 300 MILLION ALVEOLI

Taking a Breath-Inspiration: process of inhaling air

Nitrogen 78%Oxygen 21%Carbon Dioxide .03%Other gases .97%

-Expiration: process of exhaling air

Nitrogen 78%Oxygen 16.54%Carbon Dioxide 4.49%Other gases .97%

CPR works because we don’t ONLY exhale Carbon Dioxide. We exhale a good amount of Oxygen as well

-Lungs have a total capacity of approx 4-5 liters-You normally inhale approx .5 Liters-Exhaling, you have a residual volume of air left in your lungs of about1 Liter

Gas Exchange in the Lungs-Occurs in the alveoli which are surrounded by capillaries.-Oxygen that is inhaled diffuses through alveolar

membranes into the capillaries-Carbon dioxide diffuses through the capillaries into the

alveolar membranes to be exhaled

**Diffusion-substances move from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration

Transport of Oxygen95-98% of oxygen that diffuses into the blood

moves into the red blood cellsBinds to hemoglobin

Protein that contains 4 iron atoms Each iron atom can attach to 1 oxygen molecule

At body tissues, oxygen releases from hemoglobin and diffuses across capillaries into tissue cells

Transport of Carbon DioxideConcentration of CO2 is higher in cells

Diffuses into blood7% dissolves into plasma

23% binds to hemoglobin70% transported as bicarbonate ions

Breathing

Respiration Control-Rate of breathing controlled by brain and

brain stem-monitors levels of CO2 in blood-high levels of CO2 sends message to

brain, which tells the diaphragm to breathe faster and deeper

- When CO2 levels are back to normal, message is sent to slow down the breathing rate

-Brain control centers can be overridden -holding your breath-brain stem takes control and normal

breathing resumes

Respiratory Illnesses

-Asthma: contraction of the bronchioles due to an allergic reaction.

-Bronchitis: bacterial infection in the bronchioles.

-Emphysema: rupturing of the alveoli (smoking).

-Pneumonia: virus and bacterial infection (severe).

-Lung Cancer

YAWNING: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVY5ymCkYjc&feature=plcp&context=C3e3e621UDOEgsToPDskLDfWDD2arQ6hfK_2SmPiOR

OVERVIEW:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A&list=UUTh88NOS_QRukozDc_vzznQ&index=8&feature=plcp