The Rise of City-States

Greeks

Geography of the Greek World

A Rugged Land

Where did Greek people farm?

How did the mountains surrounding Greece shaped the relationship between Greek communities?

Surrounded by the SeaWhat bodies of water surrounded Greece? How did these bodies of water affect the

lives of Greek people?

Mediterranean ClimateHow did the climate of Greece shaped the

way of life of people living in this peninsula?

Early Greek HistoryMinoan and Mycenaean

CivilizationWhat were some of the characteristics of

the Minoan civilization? Who were the Mycenaean? Where did they

live? What form of government did the

Mycenaean have? What were the consequences of the

Mycenaean’s fall?

Quick EssayTopic: City-States

• Provide a description of life in Greek city-states. Use all of the following words in your description.

– Polis– Citizens– Laws– Acropolis– Agora– Politics– Aristocracy– Women– Slaves– Foreigners.

Playing it Out• With your group, identify four important

characteristics of the group you were assigned to research

• Each member of the group will create a different skit showing one of those characteristics.

• Remember that each skit can have a minimum of one person and a maximum of four people as part of it.

Define the following wordsOligarchyTyranniesDemocracyCitizenshipAssemblyCouncil (Boule)Courts

Oligarchy and TyrannyOligarchy

Early forms of government where political power is held by a small group of people

Council of leaders belonged to the aristocracy

TyrannyGovernments run by a strong rulerRuler was usually member of the aristocracyPromised land and other benefits to the poor and

won popular supportSome were fair rulers, others did not keep their

promises and ruled harshly

Power of the PeopleDemocracy

“rule by the people”Large numbers of men participated in

public affairsCitizenship

Membership in a communityGives people both rights and

responsibilitiesOrdinary people had the right to help

make decisions

Council (Boule) 500 People CouncilThis group helped decide which issues

should come before the assemblyMembers were chosen at random among

citizensEvery citizen had a chance to serve in the

Council

Topics Every student

should be required to take a performing arts course.

Grades should be abolished.

All students should be required to perform one year of community service.

Homework should be banned.

PE should be required of all students throughout high school.

Schools should block YouTube

AssemblyMain Political Body in AthensAll free adult male citizens had the

right to attendMeetings took place 40 times a yearEveryone in the Assembly had the

right to speak

The Court SystemEach court decided on different types of

casesJuries made up of citizens served in the

courtsDecisions were made by majority vote. Hundreds or even thousands of people

could serve in a jury

Limited DemocracyWomen could not vote or hold office Foreigners could not be citizensSlaves had no rightsAthens did not have rule by all people, but

at the time it had more freedom than most other city-states in Greece

Direct and Representative Democracy

Direct DemocracyRepresentative

DemocracyCitizens participate

directly in decision-making

Works better when population is small

In countries that are too big and with many people, it is more difficult for those people to meet

U.S. modelCitizens elect

others to represent them in government

Representatives pass laws and make decisions on behalf of people

A Tale of Two City-States

Athens and Sparta

Social Classes

Athens Sparta

Class system with leaders belonging to wealthy families.

Women were considered inferior.

Slavery existed

To become a citizen, men would have to become soldier.

If they failed, they became “inferiors”

Sparta had more slaves than any other city-state

Political Life

Athens Sparta

DemocracyCouncil, Assembly,

Courts 45,000 citizens

Authoritarian government Ruled by two kings who

were military leadersCouncil of elders

composed by 28 men over the age of 60 and elected for life made decisions.

Ephors were five men responsible for day-to-day operations.

9,000 citizens

Military

Athens Sparta

Not as important or as much of an emphasis as in Sparta.

Emphasized Education in Arts, Philosophy, etc.

Very important – had strongest army in Greece.

Boys trained to be soldiers and girls trained to be strong mothers to provide strong children.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RurmBuDicBI

Religionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZZgTilriB4

Athens Sparta

Polytheism – believed in many gods and goddesses, which had human qualities.

Ruler of the gods was Zeus.

Resembled that of Athens.

Emphasis on gods related to War.

Trade

Athens Sparta

Traded metalworking, pottery and textiles for things lacking or wanting, including foreign grain.

Very limited trade – kept mostly as an isolated city-state. The lack of trade kept many of the people poor farmers.

Sportshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z9lFwCDuj38http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdFLH9VLPJ8

Athens SpartaHonored gods and

goddesses by training mind and body.

Held sports competitions, most famous was Olympic Games.

Girls did not practice sports.

Honored gods and goddesses by training mind and body.

Girls participated in some sports in order to be strong as mothers.

Family Life/Educationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kd60himDm9k

Athens Sparta

Girls stayed at home and helped mothers

Boys helped fathers on their jobs.

Boys had more educational opportunity than girls.

Boys learned reading and writing, but emphasis was on becoming a good soldier.

Girls had little schooling.Allowed to participate in

physical activities

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uLyW5UYPYYs

Greek MythologyPolytheistic Religion

Worship of Many GodsMythology

Collection of stories that people tell about their gods or heroes

Explained the world, behaviors of people, and taught moral lessons.

Honored their Gods with public and private religious rituals.

Prayers and Animal SacrificesEach City-State built temples for deities

Athletic ContestsPart of Religious FestivalsDisplayed skills and it was a way to honor

their GodsOlympic Games honored Zeus and took

place every four yearsFestival Site was at OlympiaWinners became celebrities

Sacred SitesHomes to Gods or spiritsMount Olympus

Home to the major godsDelphi

Holy Temple of ApolloDelphic Oracle

Predicted what would happen in the futureAnswered with Puzzling Statements or Riddles

The Arts of GreeceStrong Appreciation of BeautyExpressed it in their painting, sculpture, and

architectureOrdinary objects were carefully designedPainting

Depth and PerspectiveSculpture

Strong Egyptian InfluenceDeveloped Realistic StyleHuge Statues of Gods and Goddesses

ArchitectureTried to Achieve Perfection in their WorkParthenon was a temple to honor Athena

LiteratureLinked with ReligionReligious Festivals included contests between poetsHomer

Wrote Epic Poems Odyssey and IliadGods Controlling human lives

Lyric PoetryShort Poetic Songs on many subjects, like politics and

warGreek Drama

Performance on StageTragedies: tragic ending/Comedies: happy endings

Fables Stories that teach a moral lesson.

Greek PhilosophyPhilosophy: “love for wisdom”Asked Questions about the nature of things

and answered through reasonHow do we know what’s real? What is the nature of the universe?

SocratesSocratic Method of Teaching: Asking Questions

to make people think more clearly. Challenged accepted beliefs

PlatoCreated a school of philosophy called Academy