THE RISE OF HITLER & EUROPEAN DICTATORS

1920-38

VOCABULARY• JOSEF STALIN• TOTALITARIANISM• BENITO MUSSOLINI• FASCISM• ADOLF HITLER• NAZISM• NEUTRALITY ACTS

TIMELINE• 1922: MUSSOLINI SEIZES POWER IN

ITALY• 1924: LENIN DIES / STALIN SEIZES

POWER• 1925: ADOLF HITLER PUBLISHES MEIN

KAMPF• 1931: JAPAN INVADES MANCHURIA• 1933: HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR

OF GERMANY• 1936-38: THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR• 1937: JAPAN INVADES CHINA

THE RISE OF DICTATORS• HOW DID WWI SET THE STAGE FOR

WWII?– TREATY OF VERSAILLES PLACED HUGE

FINANCIAL BURDEN ON SOME NATIONS• EX.: GERMANY & WAR REPARATIONS ($33

BILLION)• THIS CAUSED RESENTMENT THAT WAS

MANIPULATED BY AMBITIOUS LEADERS– RESENTMENT DUE TO WHAT?– HOW WAS THIS MANIPULTAED BY AMBITIOUS PEOPLE?– EXAMPLES?

– MANY NATIONS HAD NO EXPERIENCE WITH DEMOCRATIC GOVERNMENT

– SO…IT WAS EASIER FOR DICTATORS TO SEIZE POWER

– THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS HAD NO REAL POWER TO STOP AGGRESSION FROM DICTATORS

• BorderChanges, 1919

GERMANY AFTER VERSAILLES

DICTATORS• WHAT NATIONS FELL VICTIM TO

DICTATORSHIPS IN THE 1920’s & 30’s?– SOVIET UNION (RUSSIA)– ITALY– GERMANY– JAPAN– SPAIN

• WHO SEIZED POWER IN EACH NATION?– SOVIET UNION: JOSEF STALIN,

COMMUNIST PARTY– ITALY: BENITO MUSSOLINI (a.k.a.“IL

DUCE” ) & THE FACSIST PARTY– SPAIN: GEN. FRANCISCO FRANCO -

MILITARY DICTATORSHIP– JAPAN: 2 LEADERS:

• EMPEROR HIROHITO• GEN. HIDEKI TOJO

Adolf Hitler & Josef Stalin

GERMANY• WHY DID GERMANY BECOME A

DICTATORSHIP IN THE 1930’s?– GERMANY’S ECONOMY WAS

DEVESTATED BY THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

– GERMAN LAND / RESOURCES WERE STRIPPED AWAY BY THE TREATY• EX.: THE RHINELAND SEIZED BY

FRANCE• WHY IMPORTANT? – COAL, MINERAL RESOURCES

WERE THERE – GERMAN PRIDE / HONOR WAS STAINED BY

THE RESULTS OF WWI– MANY GERMANS WANTED TO REGAIN

GERMAN HONOR & POWER– 1932: 6 MILLION GERMANS UNEMPLOYED

• RESULT? CONDTIONS ARE PERFECT FOR THE RISE OF A DICTATOR

• ADOLF HITLER:– AUSTRIAN BY BIRTH– DECORATED SOLDIER IN GERMAN ARMY IN WWI– AMBITION WAS TO BE A PAINTER

• REJECTED BY ART SCHOOL• HITLER IS RESENTFUL & RESTLESS

– 1919: JOINED ORIGINAL NAZI PARTY• BECOMES NAZI FURHER, OR LEADER• 1923: HITLER LEADS THE “BEER HALL PUTSCH” IN

MUNICH– IT FAILS, HE AND OTHER NAZIS ARE ARRESTED– TRIED AND IMPRISONED FOR TREASON / ATTEMPTED

REBELLION– DICTATES MEIN KAMPF WHILE IN PRISON

• 1925: PUBLISHES MEIN KAMPF• NAZI PARTY: BASIC IDEAS;

– EXTREME GERMAN NATIONALISM– EXTREME ANTI-SEMITISM / RACIAL IDEOLOGY– BELIEF IN NATIONAL EXPANSION, LEBENSRAUM– BELIEVED “ARYAN” RACE WAS DESTINED TO RULE– QUESTION: HOW DO NAZIS DEFINE “ARYAN”?

• JANUARY, 1933: HITLER ELECTED CHANCELLOR – QUESTIONS:

• WHY DID GERMANS SUPPORT HITLER?• WHAT METHODS DID NAZIS USE TO GAIN POWER?

• NAZIS SEIZE POWER : THE THIRD REICH BEGINS

• Hitler In WWI German Army

Adolf Hitler, 1 yr. old (1890)

Hitler & Mussolini , Hitler on Time

WAR IN EUROPE(SECTION 2)

• VOCABULARY:– NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN– WINSTON CHURCHILL– APPEASEMENT– NONAGGRESSION PACT– BLITZKRIEG– CHARLES DE GAULLE

TIMELINE / OUTBREAK OF WAR• 1938:

– GERMANY FORCES AUSTRIA TO UNIFY W/GERMANY• CALLED THE “ANSCHLUSS” • HTILER CALLS FOR THE SUDETENLAND (Part of

Czechoslovakia)• GERMANY SEIZES THE SUDETENLAND (Why?)

– THE MUNICH CONFERENCE• HITLER “GUARANTEES’ NO MORE AGGRESSION• NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN (BRITISH PRIME

MINISTER), & FRANCE ACCEPT AGREEMENT• BRITS./ FRENCH THINK APPEASEMENT WILL WORK• CHURCHILL PUBLICLY WARNS ABOUT NAZIS

• 1939: – GERMANS SEIZE REMAINDER OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA– GERMAN – SOVIET NONAGGRESSION TREATY – GERMANY INVADES POLAND (SEPT.)– FRANCE, BRITIAN DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY– WW II BEGINS

• 1940: – GERMANY INVADES / CONQUERS FRANCE– THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN

Chamberlain, Hitler, MussoliniMunich, 1938

• Chamberlain with Chamberlain & Hitler at

Munich “Guarantees” The Munich Conference

• WINSTONCHURCHILL

WINSTON CHURCHILL

BLITZKREIG• DEFINE: “BLITZKREIG”• HOW DID A BLITZKREIG OPERATE?• QUESTIONS:

– WHY DID THE IDEA FOR BLITZKREIG DEVELOP IN THE 1930’s?

– WHY DO YOU THINK THE GERMANS USED BLITZKREIG TACTICS?

BLITZKREIG: BASIC CONCEPTS

• German Airdrop,Crete, Greece, 1940

GERMAN PARATROOPERS, 1940

GERMAN “PANZERS” (TANKS), 1941

• GermanLuftwaffe “Stuka”Dive Bombers, 1940

STUKAS IN ACTION