The Rise of MonarchsThe Rise of Monarchs• How did England develop a strong

monarchy?

• What is the Magna Carta and why was it important?

• Describe how kings increased their power in France?

• How did England develop a strong monarchy?

• What is the Magna Carta and why was it important?

• Describe how kings increased their power in France?

Creation of MonarchsCreation of Monarchs

• 5 Minutes - Feudalism started to diminish with the rise of strong monarchs in England and France.

• List 150 characteristics that you feel all monarchs should possess.

• i.e. Legislative, Executive, Judicial? People Person? Flexible? General? Blood line?

• 5 Minutes - Feudalism started to diminish with the rise of strong monarchs in England and France.

• List 150 characteristics that you feel all monarchs should possess.

• i.e. Legislative, Executive, Judicial? People Person? Flexible? General? Blood line?

What makes a powerful King?What makes a powerful King?

• Absolute vs. Limited?

• Loyalty to 1 instead of many?

• Military Force?

• Diplomat?

• Absolute vs. Limited?

• Loyalty to 1 instead of many?

• Military Force?

• Diplomat?

England vs. FranceEngland vs. France

• England never fully adopted feudalism. – Anglo Saxons loyalty was with the King.

• France adopted the idea of feudalism.– Normans loyalty was with individual lords.

• England never fully adopted feudalism. – Anglo Saxons loyalty was with the King.

• France adopted the idea of feudalism.– Normans loyalty was with individual lords.

Monarchs in England and FranceMonarchs in England and France• In late middle ages monarchs began to

limit the power of feudal lords.– This wasn’t easy – Crusades helped. How?

Take 3 minutes with a partner and discuss how the Crusades helped Monarchs.

– People wanted stability and peace and not constant battles between lords.

– All quarrels disrupted trade.

• In late middle ages monarchs began to limit the power of feudal lords.– This wasn’t easy – Crusades helped. How?

Take 3 minutes with a partner and discuss how the Crusades helped Monarchs.

– People wanted stability and peace and not constant battles between lords.

– All quarrels disrupted trade.

Effects of CrusadesEffects of Crusades

• Money was lent for interest.– Interest based on risk.

• Bills of Exchange– Common Currency.

• Increased Trade

• Money was lent for interest.– Interest based on risk.

• Bills of Exchange– Common Currency.

• Increased Trade

MonarchsMonarchs

• Monarchs helped trade by issuing money and reducing the # of tolls and taxes along trade routes.

– Used these taxes to build professional paid armies.

– Large towns helped foot the bill.

• Monarchs helped trade by issuing money and reducing the # of tolls and taxes along trade routes.

– Used these taxes to build professional paid armies.

– Large towns helped foot the bill.

Kings and CourtKings and Court• Set up uniform courts that administered

uniform laws for all people. – Why was this important?

– Take 2 minutes with another partner and discuss why uniform laws were important.

• Set up uniform courts that administered uniform laws for all people. – Why was this important?

– Take 2 minutes with another partner and discuss why uniform laws were important.

WILLIAM THE CONQUERERWILLIAM THE CONQUERER• King of the Normans

• Worked a deal with his cousin, King Edward of England, to succeed him on the throne of England but the people chose Harold of Essex so William went to war with Harold.

• King of the Normans

• Worked a deal with his cousin, King Edward of England, to succeed him on the throne of England but the people chose Harold of Essex so William went to war with Harold.

BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066BATTLE OF HASTINGS 1066

• William the Conqueror

• Normans considered best horsemen

• 12 K Calvary

• 20 K infantry

• William the Conqueror

• Normans considered best horsemen

• 12 K Calvary

• 20 K infantry

• Harold of Essex

• Had a foothold and fortification

• 25 K infantry

• Harold of Essex

• Had a foothold and fortification

• 25 K infantry

The Battle of Hastings, 1066

The Battle of Hastings, 1066

The Saxon ArmyThe Saxon ArmyHarold had two types of soldiers in his army:Harold had two types of soldiers in his army:

1. Housecarls

These were full time professional soldiers who were well trained & paid.

The Saxon ArmyThe Saxon ArmyHarold had two types of soldiers in his army:Harold had two types of soldiers in his army:

2. Fyrd

These were part time, unpaid soldiers who were called up when the country was in danger.

The Norman ArmyThe Norman Army

Spearmen ArchersHorsemen / Calvary

The BattlefieldThe Battlefield

Unsuitable for horsemen

Harold Army forms a shield

Wall

William’s Horsemen

William’s Archers

William’s Spearmen & Foot soldiers

Harold’s Housecarls

Fyrd: Part Time Soldiers

The Start of the BattleThe Start of the Battle

Bayeux Tapestry, The Normans attack the Saxon Shield Wall

The Normans start running awayThe Normans start running away

William of Normandy

Second Stage: Cunning Plan!Second Stage: Cunning Plan!

Normans pretend to run awayThey then turn around and splatter the Saxons who are chasing after them!

Third Stage: The ArchersThird Stage: The Archers

The Shield Wall was weakened but still strong, so William orders his Archers to aim high to distract the Saxons while he led another charge.

The Shield Wall was weakened but still strong, so William orders his Archers to aim high to distract the Saxons while he led another charge.

Fourth Stage:The Shield Wall Collapses

Fourth Stage:The Shield Wall Collapses

Harold’s brothers are

killed.

Final Stage: Death of HaroldFinal Stage: Death of Harold

William sends in a hit squad of Normans to kill King Harold

AftermathAftermath

Once King Harold and his brothers are dead the rest of the Saxon army ran away.

The Battlefield TodayThe Battlefield Today

King Harold was killed here

William, Duke of NormandyWilliam, Duke of Normandy

• Lords swore allegiance to William and not other lords.

• Loyalty first to King, not Lord.

• Sent out tax assessors for land.

• Compiled the Domesday Book.

• Lords swore allegiance to William and not other lords.

• Loyalty first to King, not Lord.

• Sent out tax assessors for land.

• Compiled the Domesday Book.

Extending Royal PowerExtending Royal Power

• Henry I – Increased Royal Power– Replaced hereditary officials with pd. officials

– Loyalty instead of Hereditary.

– Allowed vassals to pay him instead of provide military service to him.

• Henry I – Increased Royal Power– Replaced hereditary officials with pd. officials

– Loyalty instead of Hereditary.

– Allowed vassals to pay him instead of provide military service to him.

Henry IIHenry II– Sent circuit judges to countryside.

– Established jury system– Grand Jury – which cases brought to trial.– Trial Jury – verdicts on cases.

– Became the basis for common law.• Any accepted legal principle• Helped treasury of the king.

– Sent circuit judges to countryside.

– Established jury system– Grand Jury – which cases brought to trial.– Trial Jury – verdicts on cases.

– Became the basis for common law.• Any accepted legal principle• Helped treasury of the king.

Lackland JohnLackland John• Henry II of England faced challenges.

– Thomas Becket – AB of Canterbury• Opposed Royal Courts that had been created.• Becket was murdered and Henry II was blamed.

– John, Henry II son battles the Church.• 1209 – Pope Innocent excommunicated John• To appease the pope, John agreed to pay an annual

fee to Rome.• Money came from heavy taxes on lords.

• Henry II of England faced challenges.– Thomas Becket – AB of Canterbury

• Opposed Royal Courts that had been created.• Becket was murdered and Henry II was blamed.

– John, Henry II son battles the Church.• 1209 – Pope Innocent excommunicated John• To appease the pope, John agreed to pay an annual

fee to Rome.• Money came from heavy taxes on lords.

Magna CartaMagna Carta• John lost lands in Northern France.

– Barons became angry at taxes and forced John to sign a charter that spelled out their rights.

– What is a charter?

– Spelled out the lords rights.• Rights to all classes, limited power of the

monarch, the king had to respect the law.• The Church could choose their own bishops

and priests.

• John lost lands in Northern France.– Barons became angry at taxes and forced

John to sign a charter that spelled out their rights.

– What is a charter?

– Spelled out the lords rights.• Rights to all classes, limited power of the

monarch, the king had to respect the law.• The Church could choose their own bishops

and priests.

• Magna Charta – protected the people from absolute power of the King. – King John

Trial by Jury, Due process, Rights of life, liberty and property.

Magna CartaMagna Carta• The Magna Carta limited the rights of the

King and gave more rights to people.

• Explain all of the rights that are found BOTH in the Magna Carta and the U.S. Constitution. How are they similar? How are they different?

• 1 Page – 12 Point Times New Roman

• The Magna Carta limited the rights of the King and gave more rights to people.

• Explain all of the rights that are found BOTH in the Magna Carta and the U.S. Constitution. How are they similar? How are they different?

• 1 Page – 12 Point Times New Roman

English ParliamentEnglish Parliament• Power struggles continued b/w King and

Nobles.– Both started to recognize importance of

towns.

– Great Council – included lesser knights and representatives.

– Meetings became known as Parliament – meaning “to talk”

• Power struggles continued b/w King and Nobles.– Both started to recognize importance of

towns.

– Great Council – included lesser knights and representatives.

– Meetings became known as Parliament – meaning “to talk”

English ParliamentEnglish Parliament• 1295, 1st Parliament

– Met for the demands of money from King Edward I.

– Nobles, Bishops, Knights (2), Citizens (2)– Became the model for future parliaments of

England.– Knights and Commoners were only allowed

to talk when they were called on.– Eventually created two houses.

• Lords and Commons. – Limited Monarchy

• 1295, 1st Parliament– Met for the demands of money from King

Edward I.– Nobles, Bishops, Knights (2), Citizens (2)– Became the model for future parliaments of

England.– Knights and Commoners were only allowed

to talk when they were called on.– Eventually created two houses.

• Lords and Commons. – Limited Monarchy

The Petition of Right (1628) - Passed by Parliament

Limited the King’s power by limiting the King’s ability to:Imprison political critics, Rule by military during peacetime, Require the people to shelter soldiers in peacetime.

*Couldn’t be taxed w/o consent of parliament.

PetitionPetition• Eventually all people were able to

petition the King for grievances.

• If you could petition the president of the U.S. today, what would you petition, and why?

• Eventually all people were able to petition the King for grievances.

• If you could petition the president of the U.S. today, what would you petition, and why?

French MonarchyFrench Monarchy• Why France?

– Treaty of Verdun (Divided Charlemagne’s Empire)

– Vikings invaded Western France– Powerful lords set up their own

Independent Feudal States

• Hugh Capet, Count of Paris - King– Made the crown hereditary.– Diplomacy, Marriage, War – Added Lands.

• Why France?– Treaty of Verdun (Divided Charlemagne’s

Empire)– Vikings invaded Western France– Powerful lords set up their own

Independent Feudal States

• Hugh Capet, Count of Paris - King– Made the crown hereditary.– Diplomacy, Marriage, War – Added Lands.

French MonarchyFrench Monarchy• In 1215, Philip II defeated King John of

England and added land to France.

• By 1328 the French king ruled most of central and southern France.– Set up bureaucracy to govern the territory

under the guidance of the KOF.

• In 1215, Philip II defeated King John of England and added land to France.

• By 1328 the French king ruled most of central and southern France.– Set up bureaucracy to govern the territory

under the guidance of the KOF.

The President’s CabinetThe President’s Cabinet

Cabinets in the U.S.Cabinets in the U.S.

• Agriculture, Commerce,

• Defense, Education,

• Energy, HHS,

• Homeland Security, HUD

• Interior, Labor,

• State, Transportation,

• Treasury, Veterans Affairs,

• Attorney General

• Agriculture, Commerce,

• Defense, Education,

• Energy, HHS,

• Homeland Security, HUD

• Interior, Labor,

• State, Transportation,

• Treasury, Veterans Affairs,

• Attorney General

AssignmentAssignment• You will need to create a handout with the

following information.– When was the cabinet created (under what

President?)– Who the Secretary is (Picture and Bio).– How many people work for this cabinet.– What are the cabinet’s duties and responsibilities?– What is the budget?– What events are they known for in history?– What are some of the agencies or offices that fall

under this cabinet?– If you could work under this cabinet, which job

would you like? Why?

• You will need to create a handout with the following information.– When was the cabinet created (under what

President?)– Who the Secretary is (Picture and Bio).– How many people work for this cabinet.– What are the cabinet’s duties and responsibilities?– What is the budget?– What events are they known for in history?– What are some of the agencies or offices that fall

under this cabinet?– If you could work under this cabinet, which job

would you like? Why?

French BureaucracyFrench Bureaucracy• Government through departments.

– Educated Clergy Knights Townspeople

– Paid a salary.

– Supported Policies of King

– Didn’t want to interfere with customs and traditions. – What happened if Royal Law interfered with customs and traditions?

• Government through departments.– Educated Clergy Knights Townspeople

– Paid a salary.

– Supported Policies of King

– Didn’t want to interfere with customs and traditions. – What happened if Royal Law interfered with customs and traditions?

Estates GeneralEstates General

• Philip IV clashed with Pope Boniface VIII– Philip wanted to tax clergy and appt. bishops– Philip summoned the Estates General

• Clergy• Nobility• Bourgeoisie (townspeople)

• Supported the King against the Pope.• Did not have power over taxation like parliament in

England

• Philip IV clashed with Pope Boniface VIII– Philip wanted to tax clergy and appt. bishops– Philip summoned the Estates General

• Clergy• Nobility• Bourgeoisie (townspeople)

• Supported the King against the Pope.• Did not have power over taxation like parliament in

England

Clashes – Pope v. EmperorClashes – Pope v. Emperor

• As French Kings were increasing their power, Germany fell into turmoil.

• King wanted to appoint Bishops…?

• When the last Carolingian king died, lords or Dukes, competed for power.

• As French Kings were increasing their power, Germany fell into turmoil.

• King wanted to appoint Bishops…?

• When the last Carolingian king died, lords or Dukes, competed for power.

Duke of SaxonyDuke of Saxony

• A.K.A. – Otto I King of Germany– Tried to extend power into central Europe

and Northern France.– Close with the Roman Catholic Church.

• Clergy as advisors, supported mission work.

– Allowed to appt. Bishops and Archbishops• Invaded Italy to help protect Pope.• 962, crowned “Emperor of the Romans”• Claimed to be successor of Charlemagne.

• A.K.A. – Otto I King of Germany– Tried to extend power into central Europe

and Northern France.– Close with the Roman Catholic Church.

• Clergy as advisors, supported mission work.

– Allowed to appt. Bishops and Archbishops• Invaded Italy to help protect Pope.• 962, crowned “Emperor of the Romans”• Claimed to be successor of Charlemagne.

Conflict Conflict

• Emperor and Church– Emperors were from Germany.– Lay Investiture – not a member of the clergy appt.

bishops.

• Pope Gregory VII– No sale of Church offices.– No Lay Investiture.– Henry IV refused to obey the Pope.

• Needed support of the Church against German Dukes

• Emperor and Church– Emperors were from Germany.– Lay Investiture – not a member of the clergy appt.

bishops.

• Pope Gregory VII– No sale of Church offices.– No Lay Investiture.– Henry IV refused to obey the Pope.

• Needed support of the Church against German Dukes

ConflictConflict

• Gregory VII Excommunicated Henry IV– Henry tried to save his throne by going to

Italy. – Henry was readmitted to the Church.– Excomm. Again and then took Rome.

• Concordat of Worms– Battle over Lay Investiture.– Gave Church power to appoint.– Emperors still had power of granting

church land.

• Gregory VII Excommunicated Henry IV– Henry tried to save his throne by going to

Italy. – Henry was readmitted to the Church.– Excomm. Again and then took Rome.

• Concordat of Worms– Battle over Lay Investiture.– Gave Church power to appoint.– Emperors still had power of granting

church land.

Struggle for ItalyStruggle for Italy• 1152, Frederick I “Red Beard” became HRE

– Wanted control of Italy as well as Germany.

– Fought for control of Northern Italy

– Son married King of Sicily’s daughter.• This created a series of long struggles b/w the

emperor and pope.

• 1152, Frederick I “Red Beard” became HRE– Wanted control of Italy as well as Germany.

– Fought for control of Northern Italy

– Son married King of Sicily’s daughter.• This created a series of long struggles b/w the

emperor and pope.

Struggle for ItalyStruggle for Italy• As France and England unified, the

HRE failed.

– Many towns were divided b/w Germany and Italy.

– Germany and Italy would not unify their lands until the 1800s.

• As France and England unified, the HRE failed.

– Many towns were divided b/w Germany and Italy.

– Germany and Italy would not unify their lands until the 1800s.

Church Power at its HeightChurch Power at its Height• 1198-1216, Pope Innocent III

– Helped church become supreme in Spiritual and Political Affairs.

– Exerted rule over secular rulers. – King John Controlled the Bishops and Clergy.

– Eventually, the church garnered to much political clout and the people started to limit the scope of Church power.

• 1198-1216, Pope Innocent III– Helped church become supreme in Spiritual

and Political Affairs.

– Exerted rule over secular rulers. – King John Controlled the Bishops and Clergy.

– Eventually, the church garnered to much political clout and the people started to limit the scope of Church power.

Monarchies of SpainMonarchies of Spain

• 700s Spain was conquered by Muslims– Spain prospered under the Muslims and

cities flourished.

– Reconquista or conquest of Spain 1100• Spanish knights force the Muslims out.• 1250, Portugal became independent and

Muslims only controlled Granada

• 700s Spain was conquered by Muslims– Spain prospered under the Muslims and

cities flourished.

– Reconquista or conquest of Spain 1100• Spanish knights force the Muslims out.• 1250, Portugal became independent and

Muslims only controlled Granada

Castile and AragonCastile and Aragon

• 1469, Queen Isabella of Castile Married Ferdinand the heir to the Aragon Throne.– Marriage united Spain.

– 1492, they captured Granada. Forced all to convert to Christianity…or die.

• 1469, Queen Isabella of Castile Married Ferdinand the heir to the Aragon Throne.– Marriage united Spain.

– 1492, they captured Granada. Forced all to convert to Christianity…or die.

Decline of Medieval SocietyDecline of Medieval Society

• Late Middle Ages – politics and economics undermine feudal society.

• 1300s famine struck Europe.

• 1348, Bubonic Plague– Fleas and rats. – Complete towns were wiped out.– 1/3 of the population was destroyed.

• Late Middle Ages – politics and economics undermine feudal society.

• 1300s famine struck Europe.

• 1348, Bubonic Plague– Fleas and rats. – Complete towns were wiped out.– 1/3 of the population was destroyed.

Decline of the ChurchDecline of the Church• During the 1300-1400s Church power

declined.– Monarchs were tired of churches paying

church taxes w/o receiving royal taxes on their land. – Money went to Rome

– Monarch did not like Church interfering with political matters.

• Courts

• During the 1300-1400s Church power declined.– Monarchs were tired of churches paying

church taxes w/o receiving royal taxes on their land. – Money went to Rome

– Monarch did not like Church interfering with political matters.

• Courts

Decline of the ChurchDecline of the Church• 1309, Philip IV of France supported a new

pope in Avignon instead of Rome.– Babylonian Captivity

– b/w 1309-1378 the pope lived in Avignon

– 1378 – two popes were elected. 1 in Rome and 1 in Avignon.

• Crisis called the Great Schism• Late 1300s church was accused of corruption and

failure.– Led by John Wycliffe and John Huss

• 1309, Philip IV of France supported a new pope in Avignon instead of Rome.– Babylonian Captivity

– b/w 1309-1378 the pope lived in Avignon

– 1378 – two popes were elected. 1 in Rome and 1 in Avignon.

• Crisis called the Great Schism• Late 1300s church was accused of corruption and

failure.– Led by John Wycliffe and John Huss

The 100 Years WarThe 100 Years War• Struggle for a central government led to

a war b/w France and England. 1337-1453.

• England won at first– Crecy and Potiers

• Longbow and Cannons• England plundered the French countryside.

• Struggle for a central government led to a war b/w France and England. 1337-1453.

• England won at first– Crecy and Potiers

• Longbow and Cannons• England plundered the French countryside.