The Rise of Mussolini in Italy

Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)

Problems after WWI• 460,000 soldiers killed in

WWI• Heavy debt from

supporting the war• Britain and France did not

give Italy the land they promised for switching sides

• Rising unemployment led to unrest and riots in cities

Vittorio Orlandowants his land!

The Treaty of Versailles• Italians believed that it

treated them badly.• Italy had not been given

the land promised at the Secret Treaty of London.

• Italy’s foreign Minister, Vittorio Orlando left before the conference ended, feeling humiliated.

What is fascism?• A system of government with

centralized authority under a dictator.

• Usually involves terror, censorship, nationalism, and racism.

Benito Mussolini

Mussolini gains power• Mussolini set up a

Fascist Party and promised to solve Italy’s problems.

• Promised to rebuild Italy and recreate the Roman Empire.

• His secret police force was called the “Black Shirts”.

Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister by King Victor Emmanuel III in 1922 to

prevent a Communist Revolution in Italy

1922 March on Rome• to establish Mussolini and the Fascist Party

as the most important party in Italy• In 1921 the fascist parties in Italy joined

together to form the Fascist Party• Mussolini said this at a party conference:"Either the government will be

given to us or will shall seize it by marching on Rome."

March on Rome, 1922

Fascism under Mussolini

Lictor Fasces

Quote“Fascism conceives of the State as an absolute, in comparison with which all individuals or groups are relative, only to be conceived in their relation to the State.”

~Benito Mussolini

Mussolini and Hitler

Mussoliniand Hitler

Hitler and Mussolini had a close relationship. In October 1936 they signed a non-military alliance. Mussolini signed a full defensive alliance with Nazi Germany in the Pact of Steel.

Italy during WWII

Mussolini during WWII

Mussolini intended to annex Malta, Corsica, and Tunis. He wanted to create a “New Roman Empire.” He annexed Albania, straining the military. His troops were unprepared for the German invasion of Poland. Italy remained neutral.

Italy during WWII cont’d Italy soon declared war

on Britain and France but troops were unprepared. It was defeated by Greece and lost the world’s first carrier strike. Italy was then defeated on all fronts of the Anglo-American landing.

Mussolini

What does Anglo mean?Hint: King Henry VIIIFormed the Anglican ChurchClick here if you need help

Propaganda postcard of Mussolini and actual picture. Which is which?

Mussolini’s ExecutionMussolini was captured by partisans and was joined by his mistress, Clara Petacci. A few days later they were shot to death. In April of 1945, their bodies were hung at a gas station along with the bodies of other fascist leaders.

Mussolini and his mistress, Clara

1)What were some of the problems that Italy faces after WWI?

2)Why did Italians feel betrayed by the Treaty of Versailles?

3)What is fascism, and how did Mussolini gain control of the Italian government?

4)How did Italy fare during WWII?5)What happened to Mussolini?

Questions