THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

WHAT IS NATIONALISM ?

EUROPEAN SOCIETY

UNIFICATION OF ITALY & GERMANY.

EUROPEAN SOCIETYTHE UPPER CLASS :• THE LANDED ARISTOCRACY WERE THE DOMINANT GROUP.

• THEY HAD COMMON INTEREST AND LIFESTYLE.

• OWNED LARGE COUNTRY ESTATES AND TOWN HOUSES.

• MOST OF THEM SPOKE FRENCH.

THE LOWER CLASS :• MAJORITY OF THE PEOPLE WERE PEASENTS.

• MOST WERE LANDLESS AND WORKED AS SERFS.

UPPER CLASSS PEOPLE. LOWER CLASS PEOPLE

LEADERS OF REVOLUTIONS IN EUROPE

OTTO VON BISMARCK GARIBALDI

MAZZINI

NAPOLEAN BONEAPART N

THE NAPOLEONIC CODE

RETURN OF MONARCHY.

ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM.

EQUALITY BEFORE LAW &

RIGHT TO PROPERTY.

REMOVAL OF GUILD RESTRICTIONS IN

TOWNS.

IMPROVEMENT IN TRANSPORT &

COMMUNICATION.

UNIFORM LAWS, WEIGHTS & MEASURES

AND NATIONAL.

French Revolution FRENCH REVOLUTION STARTED IN 1789.FRANCE WAS A

FULL-FLEDGED TERRITORIAL STATE IN 1789 UNDER RULE OF A MONARCH.

POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES THAT CAME IN WAKE OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION LED TO THE TRANSFER TO A TRANSFER OF SOVEREIGNTY FROM MONARCHY TO A BODY OF FRENCH CITIZEN.

IT ALSO POWERED REVOLUTION IN ALL EUROPE.

THE IDEA OF THE NATIONNALISM

LA PATRIE (THE FATHERLAND)

LE CITOYEN (THE CITIZEN)

THE FRENCH TRI COLOUR

HYMS , OATHS

UNIFORM SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS & MEASURES

USE OF PARISIAN FRENCH

IMAGINARY FEMALE CHARACTERS WERE USED

TO SHOW UNITED NATION.SUCH AS :GERMANIA

ITALIAN STATES BEFORE UNIFICATION, 1858

UNIFICATION OF ITALY

ITALY WAS DIVIDED IN 7 STATES OF WHICH ONLY ONE , SARDINA PIEDMONT WAS RULED BY AN ITALIAN DYNASTY.

IDEAS OF ITALIAN UNIFICATION FRIST GIVEN BY GUISEPPE MAZZINI THROUGF HIS SCERET SOCIETY CALLED YOUNG IYALY.

AFTER HIS FAILED REVOLUTIONS IN 1831 AND 1848 , THE LEAD WAS TAKEN BY THE KING OF SARDINA , VICTOR EMMANUEL II.

CHIEF MINISTER OF SARDINA, COUNT CAVOUR LED THE UNIFICATION PROCESS BY DIPLOMATIC

ALLIANCE WITH FRANCE TO DEFEAT AUSTRIA AND UNIFY ITS NORTHERN TERRITORIES.

IN THE SOUTHERN PART, GUISEPPE GARIBALDI LED THE MOVEMENT BY INVOLVING LOCAL PEASANT SUPPORT TO DRIVE OUT THE SPANISH RULERS.

THUS THE PROCESS OF UNIFICATION AS COMPLETED WITH THE CROWNING OF VICTOR EMMANUEL II AS KING OF ITALY IN 1861.

LIBERAL REVOLUTION IN GERMANY INSPIRING BY THE EVENT OF FEB 1848 IN FRANCE ,

LIBERAL REVOLUTION CONSISTING OF MIDDLE EDUCATED PROFESSIONALSAND MERCHANTS SET UP A GERMAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY.

N MAY 1848, A GROUP OF 831 ELECTED REPS ,MET TOGETHER AND DECIDED ON A SYSTEM OF CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY.

KING FRIEDRICH WILHEM IV OF PRUSSIA REJECTED TEIR OFFER.

THE LOWER PEASANT CLASS TOO PROTESTED AT THE LACK OF REPRESENTATION.

THIS LED TO WEAKNING OF THE LIBERAL MOVEMENT AND THE DISBANDING OF THE ASSEMBLY.

GERMANY BEFORE UNIFICATION(1866- 1871)

FRANKFURT ASSEMBLY

GERMANY : LEADERS OF THE UNIFICATION

King Wilhem I (King of Prussia).- Succeeded Frederick William to the throne in1861.

- Supported by the : =Wealthy landowning class= Strongly conservative and opposed liberal ideas.

Wilhem I

-Wanted to increase the size and strength

of the military (Parliament refused to give him money)

-Decided to pick a new Prime Minister in order to get what he wanted.

UNIFICATION OF GERMANY IN MAY 1848 THE LIBERAL ATTEMPT TO SET UP A

COSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY AT FRANKFURT WAS SUPPRESSED BY THE MONARCHY MILITARY AND JUNKERS.

AFTER THE FAILURE OF THE GERMAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY , PRUSSIAN CHIEF MINISTER OTTO VON BISMARCK TAKES THE LEAD IN GERMAN UNIFINATION.

HE PLANNED THE UNIFICATION WITH FRANCE , AUSTRIA AND DENMARK OVER 7 YEARS ,THUS ENSURING GERMAN UNIFICATION.

THE PROCESS WAS COMPLETED WITH THE CROWNING OF KAISER WILLIAM I AS OF GERMANY.

NATIONALISM IN THE BALKANS THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WAS A DOMINANT MUSLIM

REGIME RULING OVER PREDOMINANTLY CHRISTIAN PEOPLE.

THE SPREAD OF NATIONALIST REVOLUTION IN WESTERN EUROPE AND INSPIRED BY ROMANTIC MATIONALISTIC FEELING, YHE ETHNIC CONSTITUENTS OF BALKNS DEMAND LIBERTY.

THEY BASED THEIR CLAIMS ON THEIR DISTINCT NATIONAL IDENTITIES AND HISTORICAL REFRENCE TO EARLIER STATE OF INDEPENDENCE.

AS THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WEAKNED, THE VARIOUS NATIONS BROKE FREE.

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