Chapter 8

The Rise of Rome

Name the three legends for the founding of Rome.

Bellringer for 11/19/12

Describe the landscape of Italy3-5 sentences

Bellringer for 11/16/12

Rome’s BeginningsSection 1

LocationSicilyApenninesLatiumTiber River

The Origins of Rome

GreeceRugged mountains

to the northVery segregated

from other areas within Greece

Poor farmlandCould not support a

large population

Apennines are not as rugged as those in Greece

No major barriers between cities

Good farmlandCould support a

large population

Early Dominant CulturesRome

Romulus and RemusThe Aenid by VirgilLatins

How Did Rome Begin?

Greeks in southern ItalyEtruscans to the north

EtruriaSkilled metalworkersLaid out citiesStyle of dress

Early Influences

Etruscans ruled Rome for more than 100 years

Tarquin family509 BC, Romans overthrew the Tarquins and

established a republicRepublic form of government in which the

leader is not a king or queen but someone put in office by citizens with the right to vote

This marked the beginnings of Rome’s history.

The Birth of a Republic

Over the next 200 years, the Romans fought with their neighbors for territory

338 BC defeated Latins living nearby284 BC defeated Etruscans267 BC defeated Greeks in southern Italy

Conquest of Italy

Excellent soldiersLegions

6,000 menFurther divided into groups of 60 to 120

LegionariesGladiusPilumstandard

Why Was Rome So Strong?

Built permanent settlements in areas they conquered

Roman ConfederationCitizenshipAllies

Shrewd Rulers

P. 267 #1-7

What role did the Senate play in the Roman government?

Bellringer for 11/27/12

The Roman RepublicSection 2

PatriciansWealthy landowners

PlebeiansArtisans, shopkeepers, and owners of small

farmsBoth were Roman citizens

Had the right to votePlebeians had a lower social rank

Rome’s Government

ConsulTop officialTwo were chosen every yearHeaded the army and ran the governmentVeto I forbid

Praetors Interpreted the law and act as judges in court cases

SenateMost important legislative body300 Patrician men who serve for life

Assembly of CenturiesElected important officials

How Did Rome’s Government Work?

494 BC many Plebeians went on strike471 BC Plebeians allowed to set up their

own Council of the Plebs455 BC plebeians and patricians allowed to

marry300s BC Plebeians were allowed to become

consuls287 BC Council of the Plebs gained the

power to pass laws for all Romans

Plebeians Against Patricians

Dictator ruled on a temporary basis during times of danger

Cincinnatus460 BC

Who Was Cincinnatus?

Twelve Tables

Roman Law

CarthageFirst Punic War

SicilySecond Punic War

Hannibal216 BC Battle of Cannae202 BC Scipio

Battle of ZamaThird Punic War

146 BC, Rome destroyed Carthage

Rome Expands

148 BC Macedonia146 BC Greece129 BC first province in AsiaMare Nostrum

Other Conquests

If you could live in either Greece or Rome which would it be?

Explain in 3-5 sentences

Bellringer for 11/28/12

The Fall of the RepublicSection 3

Latifundia large farming estates“bread and circuses”Tiberius and Gaius GracchusMariusSulla

Trouble in the Republic

TriumvirateFirst Triumvirate Crassus, Pompey, Caesar

Military CampaignsPompey SpainCrassus SyriaCaesar Gaul

Rubicon River44 BC, declares himself dictator

Julius Caesar

OctavianAntonySecond Triumvirate

Octavian, Antony, and LepidusBattle of ActiumAugustusCicero

Rome Becomes an Empire

What makes a leader good?Explain in 3-5 sentences

Bellringer for 11/30/12

The Early EmpireSection 4

Pax Romana The Roman PeaceBuilt permanent army of 150,000 menPraetorian Guard

9,000 men

The Emperor Augustus

CaligulaClaudiusNero

After Augustus

VespasianRestored peace and order after NeroPut down several rebellionsBegan construction of th eColosseumDestroyed Jewish temple in AD 70

Unity and Prosperity

NervaTrajanHadrianAntoninus PiusMarcus Aurelius

The “Good Emperors”

Aqueduct human-made channel for carrying water long distances

Hadrian set Rome’s border to the north at the Rhine River and the Danube RiverBuilt Hadrian’s Wall

PuteoliOstiacurrency

A Unified Empire