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Kinds of Degrees
Doctor of Medicine M.D.Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine D.O.
• Allopathic physicians-Special emphasis on• the body musculoskeletal system• preventive medicine• holistic patient care
• More likely than M.D.s to be primary care specialists• About half of D.O.s practice
• general or family medicine• general internal medicine• general pediatrics
Kinds of Specialization
Orthopedic Surgeons• Specialists in treating the musculoskeletal system
Neurological Surgeons• Specialists in treating the brain and nervous system
Cardiovascular Surgeons• Specialists in treating the cardiovascular system
Otolaryngology Surgeons• Specialists in treating the ear, nose, and throat
Plastic or Reconstructive Surgeons• Specialists in treating the reconstruction of body parts
Education / Training
Step 1: 4 years of undergraduate school Pre-Med courses
• Physics Mathematic• Biology English• Inorganic Chemistry Organic Chemistry• Humanities Social Sciences
o Volunteer at local hospitals or clinics to gain practical experience in the health professions
•
MCAT
Medical College Administration Test 4 Sections:
• Verbal Reasoning Physical Science• Biological Science Writing
Scoring:• Verbal, Physical Science, and Biology Science sections of
the test are out of 15 maximum points• Good Score: 30• Top Score: 36• Maximum Score: 45• Writing is scored from J to T (T being the highest)
Education / Training
Step 2: 4 years of medical school o First two years … laboratories and classrooms
• Anatomy Physiology• Biochemistry Pharmacology• Psychology Microbiology• Pathology Medical Ethics• Medical Histories Medical Laws• Examining patients• Diagonsing illnesses
Education / Training
o Next two years … hospitals• Work with patients under the supervision of
experienced physicians in hospitals and clinics, learning acute, chronic, preventive, and rehabilitative care
Step 3: 3 – 8 years of internship or residency
• Graduate medical education in a specialty that takes the form of paid on-the-job training (usually in a hospital)
Education / Training
Alternatives:• Some medical schools
offer combined undergraduate and medical school
• programs that last 6 or 7 years rather than the customary 8 years
• University of Pacific: 6 years
• Pitzer College: 7 years
Education / Training
Final Examination• Given after the residency or 1 or 2 years of practice• by a member of the American Board of Medical
Specialists (ABMS) • The ABMS represents 24 specialty boards, ranging
from allergy and immunology to urology. • A certification in a subspecialty requires another 1 to
2 years of residency
Earning
Salary Earning
Less then two years in specialty
Over one year in specialty
Anesthesiology $259,948 $321,686
Surgery: General $228,893 $282,504
Obsetrics: General $203.270 $247,348
Psychiatric: General $173,922 $180,000
Internal Medicine: General
$141,912 $166,420
Pediatrics: General $132,953 $161,331
Family Practice $137,119 $156,010
Working Conditions
• Well-lighted, sterile environments
• Work long, irregular hours
• Over 1/3 of full-time surgeons worked 60 or more hours in a week (statistic based on 2004)
• Only 8% of all surgeons worked part-time, compared with 16% for all occupations
Typical Day at Work
• Stand for long periods while performing surgery
• Work in hospital or surgical outpatient centers
• On call surgeons must deal with patients’ concerns over the phone
• Travel frequently between office and hospital for patients care
• Make emergency visits to hospitals or nursing homes
Employment Growth
• Surgeons held about 567,000 jobs (statistic in 2004)• Employment growth of surgeons is growing faster than
average• Growth rate will continue through the year 2014 • The growing and aging population will drive overall growth
in the demand for physician services• Consumers continue to demand high levels of care using
the latest technologies, diagnostic tests, and therapies• job openings will result from physicians and surgeons who
retire over the 2004-14 period.
Employment Distribution
1: Primary Care 2: Specialty
Percent Distribution of Physicians by Specialty (2003)
1
2
Employment Distribution
1: Family Medicine/General Practice 2: Internal Practice
3: Obstetrics & Gynecology 4:Pediatrics
5: Anesthesiology 6: Psychiatry
7:Surgerical Specialties 8: All other Specialties
2
Percent Distribution of Physicians by Specialty (2003)
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5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Specialty
% o
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istr
ibu
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Employment Patterns
New England / Middle Atlantic States• The highest ratio of surgeons to population
South Central & Mountain States• The lowest ratio of surgeons to population
Patterns• D.O.s are more likely than M.D.s to practice in small
cities and towns in rural areas• M.D.s tend to locate in urban areas, close to hospital
and education centers
Demand for Career
• Demand for surgeons is extremely high• New technologies will increase surgical productivity• Increasing use of
• electronic medical records• test and prescription orders• billing, and scheduling will also improve surgical
productivity
• Job openings will result from the need to replace physicians and surgeons who retire over the 2004-2014 period
Opportunity
• Reports of shortages in some specialties or geographic areas should attract new entrants
• Opportunities are particularly good in rural and low-income areas because some surgeons find these areas unattractive due to less control over work hours and isolation from other colleagues