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The Roaring 20s
Why do you think the 1920s were called the Roaring Twenties?
Major Social Changes
• Traditional Moral Values v. Modern Values – Parties, dancing, music,
art ideals are changing– Improvements in
technology and urbanization created a higher standard of living for some Americans.
Why might all of these people be celebrating?
Armistice - End of WWI!
Time to celebrate!!!
…wait just a minute
Prohibition
• Manufacture and sale of alcohol outlawed in 1920
…but people drank anyway
Bootleggers
• Prohibition gave rise to organized crime
• Police could not stop the all of the sale of illegal alcohol
Al Capone
• Famous Chicago mobster made money from bootlegging
Speakeasies
• Secret bars and clubs where people went to drink
Modern Women
• Flappers– Smoked and drank in
public– Wore their hair and
dresses short
Immigration Restriction v. Golden Door
• Quota system - set up a maximum number of immigrants from each country– Kept out Southern and Eastern Europeans– Kept out Japanese
Hispanic Immigration• Hispanics took
advantage of the fact that they were excluded from the quotas set, and over 600,000 moved to the US to fill the labor gap
Fundamentalism v. Modernism• Discourse of the 1920s
between Evangelical Christians and groups that embraced science and secular values
• Scopes Trial– John Scopes was
brought to trial in Tennessee for teaching evolution in the classroom
– He was found guilty– The high profile trial
brought attention to the tension between religion and science
Anti-Evolution League book sale." Image. AP/Wide World Photos. American
History. ABC-CLIO, 2011. Web. 21 Nov. 2011.
Harlem Renaissance
• Movement in art, literature, music, that centered on African-American culture
What kind of music would they have been dancing to?
Jazz
• Started in New Orleans, but became a cultural force in New York
Louis Armstrong
Cab Calloway
Bessie Smith
But it wasn’t just music…
New Dances
• Charleston
• Black Bottom
• Lindy Hop
Josephine Baker
…and new writers
Claude McKay
Zora Neale Hurston
Langston Hughes
…and thinkers
DuBois and Garvey
Radical approach to civil rights
Back to Africa movement
The Lost Generation
• “Lost Generation”– Group of writers who moved to Europe– Not happy with the direction of American
culture
Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, John Steinbeck, Gertrude Stein
John Marin
Modernist artist best known for his watercolors and abstract landscape paintings
Edward Hopper
Realist painterMany of his paintings are dark and feature scenes of urban lifeFocused on using light and shadow and on placement of his figures within his paintings to strike the proper mood
Leisure Time
• Professional sports– Babe Ruth
• Amusement Parks
• National Parks
• Films
Sports• Many spectator sports
were extremely popular, including golf, tennis, boxing, and swimming
• Baseball had become “America’s pass time”
• Football began to gain prominence with the founding of the National Football League (NFL) in 1920
Silent Films• Many early films were
comedies because “slapstick” provided effective visuals
• Most successful actor of the 1920s was comedic star Charlie Chaplin
Metropolis (1927)• Silent film made in
Germany which many consider to be the first significant “science fiction” film ever made
• Silent movies, since they used no spoken language, could be effectively played anywhere in the world
The Jazz Singer (1927)
• First “talkie” or film which had a synchronized soundtrack for dialogueThis film’s success led to the end of the silent picture era