Date post: | 18-May-2015 |
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THE ROLE OF ICT & GEOINFORMATICS IN VECTOR SURVEILLANCE
AND CONTROL IN NIGERIA.
Presented by
ANUMBA JOSEPH UCHE Scientific Officer (Entomology)
Federal Ministry of Health, National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre-
Enugu, Nigeria.
• To understand the concept of Integrated Vector Management in terms of Surveillance and Control.
• To understand the components of Information communication technologies (ICT) and Geoinformatics.
• Garner knowledge on how to apply/integrate ICT and Geoinformatics in Vector Management.
Ask Your Self…
What is Integrated Vector Management (IVM)?
What does IVM entail?
As an IVM officer, what are the required tools and skills?
Why do we need these skills?
IVM is a rational decision-making process for the
optimal use of resources for vector control.
The approach seeks to improve the efficacy, cost-
effectiveness, ecological soundness and
sustainability of disease-vector control.
The ultimate goal is to prevent the transmission of
vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue,
Japanese encephalitis, leishmaniasis,
schistosomiasis and Chagas disease.
Driving forces behind a growing interest in
IVM include the need to overcome
challenges experienced with conventional
single-intervention approaches to vector
control as well as recent opportunities for
promoting multi-sectoral approaches to
human health.
Advocacy, social mobilization, regulatory control for
public health and empowerment of communities. Collaboration within the health sector and with other
sectors through the optimal use of resources, planning, monitoring and decision-making.
Integration of non-chemical and chemical vector
control methods, and integration with other disease control measures.
Evidence-based decision making guided by
operational research and entomological and epidemiological surveillance and evaluation.
Development of adequate human resources, training and career structures at national and local level to promote capacity building and manage IVM programmes;
SURVEILLANCE
VECTORS
CONTROL
In any vector based disease, the most important process in controlling it is monitoring the vector population (Surveillance). This surveillance is important to prioritize the area for treatment and vector control measures.
• Detect Outbreak to initiate timely & effective control
Disease Transmission
Status
• Prioritize the area (Temporal & Geographic distribution) for treatment and vector/disease control measures.
Prioritization • Monitor the
impact of control interventions
Disease Control
Sustainability
HBC-Human Bait Collection
PKC- Pyrethriod Knockdown Collection
Ovitrap
Larval Sampling -Dipping
Mosquitoes
Mosquito surveillance is trapping mosquitoes in a way
that they can be systematically evaluated and/or tested for disease.
Vector Surveillance
&
Laboratory Analysis
•Contemporary Vector Surveillance tools & Control Activities
•Basic Entomological Techniques
•Specimen diagnosis & Analysis
Information Communicati
on Technology
(ICT)
•Data Generation of Vector Surveillance activities
•Data Storage & Analysis
• Information communication / transmission
Geo informatics [Decision Support System]
•Entomological & Epidemiological Monitoring (spatial & geographical distribution)
•Simulation of Vector control activities
•Develop Vector Management Strategies & Decision support systems
Data Activities, projects, research.
People
Hardware PCs, input & output devices, smart phones, tabs.
Software
Procedures
Feedback, reporting, implementation, maintenance.
Information
Individuals, organizations, Institutions.
Mobile Apps, statistical analysis, database .
Internet, Cloud computing, Webinar, Geoinfo.
• raw facts and figures Data
• data is entered by humans (people, organization, institutions etc).
People
• physical components & devices used to aquire, process, store.
Hardware:
• the name given to computer programs usually installed I most hardware.
Software
• data that is converted to give it a meaning. Information:
• a series of actions conducted in a certain order to make sure the system runs smoothly.
Procedures:
Cloud computing, or something within the cloud, is an expression used to describe a variety of computing concepts that involve a large number of computers connected through a real-time communication networks.
In IVM, Cloud computing is used as an innovative
concept to mitigate the problem of communication lag in Vector surveillance, monitoring, control, research activities, documentation and data transfer among professionals in across the world.
CLOUD Computing
+ IVM
Activities
Security
Accessible
Affordable
Partnership
Information Syncing
Reliable
Professional
Webinar
• GPS technology allows users to determine exactly where they are on the surface of the earth by triangulating data from a series of satellite that orbit the earth. [using a GPS receiver]
GPS Global Positioning
systems
• …the science and art of obtaining information about an object, area, or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area, or phenomenon under investigation.
REMOTE SENSING
• A database is an organized collection of data. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring this information.
DATABASE
• integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analysing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.
GIS Geographic Information
System
A Geographic Information System (GIS) allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts.
A GIS is an information system designed to work with
data referenced by spatial / geographical coordinates.
In other words, GIS is both a database system with specific capabilities for spatially referenced data as well as a set of operations for working with the data. It may also be considered as a higher order map.
GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps.
These abilities distinguish GIS from other information systems and make it valuable to a wide range of public and private enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, and planning strategies.
Planning of Projects
Make Better
Decisions
Visual Analysis
Improve Organizational
Integration
SIMULATION
ON
HOW ICT & GEOINFORMATICS CAN BE
USED IN INTEGRATED VECTOR CONTROL &
MANAGEMENT (Data processing and GIS mapping mosquito species)
. MONTHS OVITRAPS
Mosquitoes
CollectedAlbopictus aegypti Anopheles
TOTAL
SPECIES
JANUARY 20 0 0 2 6 2
FEBRUARY 20 2 2 0 12 2
MARCH 25 9 3 6 15 3
APRIL 52 43 10 19 30 3
MAY 40 80 34 14 50 3
JUNE 35 56 50 13 22 3
Total 192 190 99 54 135
VECTOR SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITY IN XXXX LGA
.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE
Tota
l No
. of
Mo
squ
ito
es
Co
llect
ed
Month of Surveillance
MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN XXX LGA
Albopictus
aegypti
Anopheles
Anopheles spp
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
KEY
Anopheles spp
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
KEY
Anopheles spp
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
KEY
Anopheles spp
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
KEY
Anopheles spp
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
KEY
Anopheles spp
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
KEY
WITH ICT & GEOINFORMATICS, CAN YOU
FORCAST WHAT WILL HAPPEN BY DECEMBER
2013 IF NOTHING IS DONE TO MANAGE &
CONTROL THESE MOSQUITO SPECIES
(In the State simulated in previous slides)
???
APPLICATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL
INFORMATION SYSTEMs (GIS) & INFORMATION
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
IN MAPPING MOSQUITOE SPECIES:
The NAVRC’s Approach.
NAVRC is an acronym for National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre. It is an institute established in 1973 and was realised on the joint efforts of the Federal, State and World Health Organisation to continuously provide meanings to interventions in eliminating and subsequent eradication of vector-borne diseases especially malaria in Nigeria. It is situated at the Government Reserved Area (GRA), Enugu and currently has Dr. Chukwuekezie O.C. as the Chief Medical Officer .
Vision: To be one of the leading research centres in the world by 2030. Mission: To be a Centre of Excellence by establishing superior value for all aspects of research on arthropod-borne viruses and vectors; sustaining quests of asking and proffering solutions and adhering to the ethical standards.
To conduct field disease vectors surveillance and control throughout Nigeria.
To study the ecology, bionomics, distribution and seasonal variation of disease vectors especially arbovirus vectors
To identify and incriminate principal arbovirus and other disease vectors in Nigeria.
To train middle level manpower in field and Laboratory Entomology Techniques.
To conduct bioassay on disease vectors.
To screen Nigerian plants to determine their pesticidal properties
Develop online graphic visuals on disease vector activities to assist Vector Control Officers across the geopolitical zones in Nigeria.
Using data generated by the state vector control officers,
NAVRC shall develop Geographic Information System (GIS) based maps with animation (video) to bring surveillance results "to life."
The GIS video & maps in vector-borne disease surveillance
will aid in refining the science of preventing vector-borne disease outbreaks in Nigeria.
Geoinformatics in Disease Vectors Research
• Geoinformatics section shall be responsible to identify whether needed data exists, needs to be collected, or acquired from third parties.
Research Data
Approval
•the required spatial data is delivered from the Geoinformatics Section to the relevant division, in a suitable format and manner
Research Data
Collection
•GIS data is analysed, manipulated, illustrated, plotted and exported. The required spatial analysis is done with the help of the GIS or other tools in Geoinfomatics.
Research Data
Analysis
•maps are produced as part of the analysis results. Reporting is again done with the help of the GIS Center or through utilities provided by the Geoinformatics Centre .
Research Result
Reporting
By providing the tools (ICT & Geoinformatics)
to better understand surveillance results, Integrated Vector Management Officers across Nigeria can optimize their own surveillance programs.
Extension personnel can use the system
for educating the public and potentially save human lives.
The integration of ICT & Geoinformatics in vector surveillance ought to be a fundamental
skill for modern Integrated Vector Management officers across the Globe…
Anumba Joseph Uche http://linkedin.com/in/anumbajoe
Enquiries: National Arbovirus and Vectors Research Centre, Enugu State- Nigeria. Contact: Anumba Joseph Uche [email protected] http://linkedin.com/in/anumbajoe 2348032173955