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The Role of Lubricants in Fuel Efficient Equipment Design
Christoph Wincierz
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 2
CO2 statements
Lord John Browne, BP chief executive (2002)
„We believe that if every car driver in Europe used the best lubricant we have available today, CO2 emissions would fall by 30 million tonnes a year."
Western European OEM (2007)
„The cost of reducing 1 g CO2 per km
is between 30 and 120 €.“
Source: BMW
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 3
How do lubricants reduce fuel consumption?
1. Mechanical Efficiency
Viscous drag
→ Reduce viscosity
Friction in contacts
→ Optimize surface layer
2. Volumetric Efficiency
→ Increase viscosity
3. Compensate downsizing effects
Shear stability ↑
Pitting resistance↑
EP / AW performance ↑
Longevity FM ↑
Thermal-oxidative stability ↑
Operating temperature ↓
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 4
SAE J306 updated for fuel economy and shear stability
SAE Viscosity Grade
Maximum Temperature for Viscosity of 150,000 mPas, °C (Using ASTM D 2983)
Kinematic Viscosity at 100°C, cSt
(Using ASTM D 445)Minimum Maximum
70W -55 4,1 ---75W -40 4,1 ---80W -26 7,0 ---85W -12 11,0 ---80 --- 7,0 <11,0 199885 --- 11,0 <13,5 199890 --- 13,5 <18,5 2005
110 --- 18,5 <24,0 2005140 --- 24,0 <32,5 2005190 --- 32,5 <41,0 2005250 --- 41,0 ---
Stay-in-grade after shear in KRL 20 hours (CEC L-45-A-99)
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 5
Truck on Roller DynamometerManual Transmission Fluid
ZF fluid SAE 30
KV 100 / cSt 9.0 11.5
KV 30 / cSt 84 170
FIGE cyclus, fuel savings
Urban traffic: 2.6 – 3.3 %
Suburban traffic: 1,1 – 1,2 %
Motorway: 0 % (direct drive)
Total Savings 0.7 – 1 %
Source: ZF
Heavy truck field test revealed 0.5 to 5 % difference in fuel consumption between SAE 90 and SAE 75W-90 depending on topography and temperature.
Source: RohMax
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 6
Automatic Transmission Fluid Passenger Car
Source: ZF
7,5
5,5
0
2
4
6
8
KV
100
°C
in m
m²/
s
5 speedATF
6 speedATF
7,0
5,9
0
2
4
6
8
Dra
g t
orq
ue
in N
m5 speed
ATF6 speed
ATF
1 % better fuel economy
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 7
Gear Set 2 Gear Set 1 Torque Sensor
Drive Motor
Torque Adjustment Flange
Torsion Flange
Shaft 2
Shaft 1
FZG Efficiency Testaccording to VW Method PV 1456
Selection of base oil, additives, VI Improver
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 8
Avoid Pitting as a consequence of lower viscosities
OEMs specify
Bearing pitting test
FZG Pitting tests
Film thickness
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 9
Operating Temperature ARKL Test VW PV 1454
Test time in min
PAO 4
Mineral oil 4 mm²/s
Oil
Tem
pera
ture
°C
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 10
Volumetric Efficiency
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Viscosity, mm2/s
Pu
mp
Eff
icie
ncy,
%
V-20
V-104
Increased viscosity at operating temperature leads to higher pump efficiency.
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 11
CAT Hydo 10W (VI 104) vs ISO 46 (VI 200)
Throttle Fuel Consumption
ISO 46 VI 200
Productivity
Number of Work Cycles
ISO 46 VI 200
100 % - 13.8% + 5.8%
90 % - 8.6% + 24.3%
Caterpillar 318CL
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 12
Summary
OEMs view lubricants as design element for fuel economy.
Trend towards lower viscosities keeps ongoing.
Pitting is a challenge.
Efficiency increases importance in hydraulic applications.
Date | Title of Presentation Page | 13
Disclaimer
This information and all further technical advice is based on our present knowledge and experience. However, it implies no liability or other legal responsibility on our part, including with regard to existing third party intellectual property rights, especially patent rights. In particular, no warranty, whether express or implied, or guarantee of product properties in the legal sense is intended or implied. We reserve the right to make any changes according to technological progress or further developments. The customer is not released from the obligation to conduct careful inspection and testing of incoming goods. Performance of the product described herein should be verified by testing, which should be carried out only by qualified experts in the sole responsibility of a customer. Reference to trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation, nor does it imply that similar products could not be used.
VISCOPLEX® and VISCOBASE® are registered trademarks of Röhm GmbH & Co.KG