The role of the academic and research institutions in The role of the academic and research institutions in undertaking research and developing management undertaking research and developing management strategies to address the climate change impacts on strategies to address the climate change impacts on
fisheries and associated coastal resources:fisheries and associated coastal resources:Examples of some initiatives in the PhilippinesExamples of some initiatives in the Philippines
Michael D. Pido1, Elvira A. Martija2, Maripaz L Perez3, Ruth S.Guzman4, Elen R Basug5 Len R Garces3 and Teresita L Salva1
1Palawan State University, Puerto Princesa City, Philippines2Eastern Visayas State University, Leyte, Philippines
3WorldFish Center, SEARCA Office, Laguna, Philippines4Rizal Technological University, Metro Manila, Philippines
5Philippine Association of Tertiary Level Educational Institutions in Environmental Protection and Management
OutlineOutline
1.1. Context of fisheries management in Context of fisheries management in the Philippinesthe Philippines
2.2. Research undertakings of academic Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8institutions in Region 8
3.3. Tandem of academic/research institutions Tandem of academic/research institutions with government agencies with government agencies
4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State University Initiatives of Palawan State University 5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications
Fisheries Management in the PhilippinesFisheries Management in the Philippines
Local government Local government units (LGUs)units (LGUs)
Municipal fisheriesMunicipal fisheriesWithin 15 kmWithin 15 km
Department of Department of AgricultureAgriculture--Bureau of Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Fisheries and Aquatic ResourcesResources
Commercial fisheriesCommercial fisheriesAquacultureAquacultureOutside 15 km Outside 15 km (national waters)(national waters)
Exacerbating Challenge with Climate Change!Exacerbating Challenge with Climate Change!
LoggingLogging Tourism Tourism
FisheriesFisheries
Versus
Critical Fisheries HabitatsCritical Fisheries Habitats
1.1. MangrovesMangroves2.2. SeagrassesSeagrasses3.3. algal bedsalgal beds4.4. coral reefs coral reefs
Photo credit: PCSDSPhoto credit: PCSDS
Photo credit: PCSDSPhoto credit: WWF
Threats to Fisheries and Coastal ResourcesThreats to Fisheries and Coastal Resources
All Photo credits: PCSDS
Fisheries Stakeholders
Academe / research
organizations
Fishing associations
Local communities
Local government units
National government
agencies
Civil society groups
ConsumersVicarious users
Study Sites
Region 2 (Babuyan Channel) - ICRMP
Region 5 (San Miguel Bay) – FSP/FRMP
Region 8 (Sogod Bay) - FRMP
CARAGA (Lanuza Bay) - FISH
OutlineOutline
1.1. Context of fisheries management in the Context of fisheries management in the PhilippinesPhilippines
2.2. Research undertakings of academic Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8institutions in Region 8
3.3. Tandem of academic/research institutions Tandem of academic/research institutions with government agencies with government agencies
4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State University IVInitiatives of Palawan State University IV5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications
Documentation of coastal issues/ strategies about climate change
Climate variabilities in coastal areas
unusual heavy rainstyphoon direction shiftincrease in ocean temperaturesea level riseFloodingVulnerability of fisheries
Fisheries Impacts > frequency of harmful algal blooms coral bleaching resulted in decrease in fish catch from 30 tons/year to 26 tons/year.
OutlineOutline
1.1. Context of fisheries management in the Context of fisheries management in the PhilippinesPhilippines
2.2. Research undertakings of academic institutions Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8in Region 8
3.3. Tandem of academic/research Tandem of academic/research institutions with government institutions with government agenciesagencies
4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State University IVInitiatives of Palawan State University IV5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications
Participatory Methods
Fisheries Issues IdentifiedIssues Region 2 –
Babuyan
Channel
Region 5 – San Miguel
Bay
Region 8
– Sogod Bay
Region 13 – Lanuza Bay
Climate
change√ √ √ √
Overfishing √ √ √ √
Land‐based pollution
√ √ √
Habitat degradation
√ √ √ √
Problem Tree for San Miguel Bay FisheriesProblem Tree for San Miguel Bay Fisheries
Low Income
Low moral value
Lack of IEC
Handling finance
Fish farmer don’t value
time
Poor past harvest facilities
Inadequate gov’t social
service
Minimal research on Agu fisheries
Sakit na dala ng dayo
mangingisda
Destructive Fishing
Illegal fishing
Multi gear system
Multi gear system
Excessive gathering of
Juvenile
Discard of catch
Bogistic Extraction
Dynamite Fishing
Mangrove cuttin
Coral distribution
Developing beaches into tourist spots
Conversion of mangrove are for
other land
More Plans no funds
No rehab plan
Achievable target w/ timeline
Lack of fund support from
LGU
Conflict Mgt
Costal dev’t
Completion space & gear use in catching fish
Unsustainable support to law enforcement
Encroachment of commercial fisher to municipal water
Continue operations of commercial fisher w/in
SMB
Diminishing ResourcesDeclining Fish Catch
Low Fish Catch / Production
1.No Alternative livelihood
2 - Lack of Education
3 – limited Infrastructure
4 - Population pressure
5 .Overfishing
6 - Siltation
7.Habitat destruction
8. Solid Waste
8 – logistical support of LGU
9 - Resource- use conflicts
10 - Weak law enforcement
12 - Climate change
11. Uncoordinated efforts of LGU
Regulation for by-catch
No unified ordinance
Participatory Systems Appraisal QuadrantParticipatory Systems Appraisal Quadrant
SYMPTOM•Element greatly influenced by other elements
CRITICAL•Accelerator or catalyst
BUFFER•Development activities expected to have little impact
MOTOR/LEVER•active element with predictable impacts
0
Risk Analysis TemplateRisk Analysis TemplateConsequence Level
Likelihood
Minor Moderate Major Extreme
1 2 3 4
Remote 1 1 2 3 4
Unlikely 2 2 4 6 8
Possible 3 3 6 9 12
Likely 4 4 8 12 16
© ESD SUBPROGRAM
Where to intervene?
High priority issue Region 2 – Babuyan
Channel
Region 5 – San Miguel
Bay
Region 8 – Sogod Bay
Region 13 – Lanuza Bay
Climate change √
Governance constraint
√
Population
pressure√ √
Weak Policy √
Weak Enforcement √
Limited local government
support
√
OutlineOutline
1.1. Context of fisheries management in the Context of fisheries management in the PhilippinesPhilippines
2.2. Research undertakings of academic institutions Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8in Region 8
3.3. Tandem of academic/research institutions with Tandem of academic/research institutions with government agencies government agencies
4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State Initiatives of Palawan State UniversityUniversity
5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications
Integration of climate change into curriculum
Bachelor degreesGraduate programBasic educationOutreach programs
Habitat protection
bio-fencing
OutlineOutline
1.1. Context of fisheries management in the Context of fisheries management in the PhilippinesPhilippines
2.2. Research undertakings of academic Research undertakings of academic institutions in Region 8institutions in Region 8
3.3. Tandem of academic/research institutions Tandem of academic/research institutions with government agencies with government agencies
4.4. Initiatives of Palawan State University IVInitiatives of Palawan State University IV5.5. Management implicationsManagement implications
Crucial role of academic and research institutions
1. Information dissemination - climate change as important cross-cutting issue
2. generate information about the relationship of climate change and fisheries/coastal management
3. provide science-based recommendations for local government units
4. Develop/undertake relevant measures
Seeing the Bigger PictureSeeing the Bigger Picture
Coastal Ecosystem Goods and Services•Erosion control•Aesthetic beauty•Coastal protection•Fishery habitats•Biodiversity•Food
Threats •pollution•Erosion/sedimentation•Habitat destruction or conversion•Over-harvesting of resources •Climate change•Sea level rise•Uncontrolled development
Negative impacts •Greater poverty and hunger•Loss of biodiversity•Loss of use, non-use and option values•Negative effects on employment and income•More use conflicts
Linkage among climate change fisheries Linkage among climate change fisheries management and sustainable livelihoodsmanagement and sustainable livelihoods
Partnerships with Policy Makers and Politicians!Partnerships with Policy Makers and Politicians!