Front MatterSource: Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, Vol. 348, No. 1324, The Role of theNorth Atlantic in the Global Carbon Cycle (May 30, 1995), pp. 121-122Published by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/56029 .

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ISSN 0962-8436

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Philosophical

Transactions:

Biological Sciences t . .

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cglobal carbon cycle

A Discussion organized and edited by G. Eglinton, H. Elderfield, M. Whitfield and P. J. Le B. Williams

Volume 348 Pages 121-264 Number 1324 30 May 1995

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

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SERIES B

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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Editor: Professor P. D. Wall

Editorial Board Professor R. M. Alexander, Department of Pure and Applied Biology, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT Dr Q, Bone, Marine Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB Dr G. A. Boxshall, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD Professor D. Colquhoun, Department of Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC 1E 6BT Dr S. Conway Morris, Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ Professor G. Fryer, Elleray Cottage, Windermere, Cumbria LA23 lAW Professor R. B. Heap, AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Babraham Hall, Babraham,

Cambridge CB2 4AT ProfessorJ. P. Hughes, Parke-Davis Neuroscience Research Centre, Addenbrookes Hospital Site, Hills Road,

Cambridge CB1 2QB Professor J. A. Raven, Department of Biological Sciences, The University, Dundee DD1 4HN Professor L. Weiskrantz, Department of Experimental Psychology, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD

Corresponding Editors Professor E. Florey, Fakultat fur Biologice, Universitat Konstanz, Postfach 5560, D-7750 Konstanz, Germany Professor T. A. Jones, Department of Structural Biology, University of Uppsala, Biomedical Center, Box 590, Uppsala,

S-751 24, Sweden Professor R. Lainson, SeCao de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, FNS, Caixa Postal 691, 66017.970 Belem, Para, Brazil Professor A. W. D. Larkum, School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Macleay Building A12,

New South Wales 2006, Australia Professor G. 0. Mackie, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada Professor K. L. Magleby, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami School of Medicine,

P.O. Box 016430 (R-430), Miami, Florida 33101, U.S.A. Dr K. A. Nasmyth, Research Institute for Molecular Pathology, Dr Bohr Gasse 7, A-1030, Vienna, Austria Professor J. G. Nicholls, Biocenter, Universitat Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland Professor G. B. Petersen, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand Professor P. D. Richardson, Divisions of Engineering and of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Box D, Providence,

Rhode Island 02912, U.S.A. Professor J. M. Ritchie, Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, Sterling Hall of Medicine,

333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510-8066, U.S.A. Dr C. Sardet, Station Zoologique, URA 671, CNRS/Universite Paris VI, 06230 Villefranche-sur-mer, France Professor K. Takahashi, International Christian University, 3-10-2 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181, Japan Professor S. G. Vassetzky, Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov St.,

Moscow 117334, Russia (e-mail: SGVAS@IBRRAN.MSK.SU)

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Scope. Philosophical Transactions series B welcomes papers on any aspect' of biological science. Authors may send their papers direct to the Society's Editorial Office, whose address is given below; it is no longer a requirement that papers be submitted through a Fellow or Foreign Member of the Society, although authors may do so if they wish. In general, papers for Philosophical Transactions B should normally be no longer than 25000 words (including allowances for references and figures). Longer papers will be considered exceptionally, and authors of such papers should consult the Editor before submission, preferably at an early stage in preparation. Submission. Three copies of the typescript and figures are required, and originals of any figures should also be submitted. Papers should be prepared in accordance with the 'Instructions to authors' printed at the end of every volume of Philosophical Transactions B after volume 324 and available from the Editorial Office. Although editorial processing of papers on disc is available, in the first instance typescripts should be provided for the use of referees; discs should be made available only after acceptance and after consultation with the Editorial Office to ensure compatibility of format. Publication. We aim to publish papers within five to seven months of receipt; to this end the cooperation of authors is requested in (i) informing the Editorial Office of change of address, (ii) responding promptly to referees' comments, and (iii) returning proofs as quickly as possible. The journal is published monthly in a two-column format allowing flexibility of presentation; as the paper used is suitable for the printing of both text and half tone illustrations, the grouping of figures into plates is not necessary, although in some cases the use of plates may be desirable. Editorial address: Editorial Office, Philosophical Transactions B, The Royal Society, 6 Carlton House Terrace, London SWIY 5AG.

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The role of the North Atlantic in the global carbon cycle

A DISCUSSION ORGANIZED AND EDITED BY G. EGLINTON, H. ELDERFIELD,

M. WHITFIELD AND P.J. LE B. WILLIAMS

(Discussion held 21 and 22 September 1994)

CONTENTS

AIR-SEA GAS EXCHANGE THE CONTEMPORARY ROLE OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC

AS A SINK FOR ATMOSPHERIC CO2

A.J. WATSON, P. D. NIGHTINGALE AND D.J. COOPER PAGE Modelling atmosphere-ocean CO2 transfer 125

Discussion: H. LEACH, M. FOLLOWS 132 RALPH F. KEELING AND TSUNG-HUNG PENG

Transport of heat, CO2 and 02 by the Atlantic's thermohaline circulation 133 TARO TAKAHASHI, TIMOTHY T. TAKAHASHI AND STEWART C. SUTHERLAND

An assessment of the role of the North Atlantic as a CO2 sink 143 Discussion: R. G. WILL:AMS 152

THE BIOLOGICALLY DRIVEN CARBON CYCLE WHAT CONTROLS THE INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF THE OCEANIC CARBON

CYCLE, AND TO WHAT EFFECT?

JOHN MARRA

Primary production in the North Atlantic: measurements, scaling and optical determinants 153 Discussion: H. W. DUCKLOW 160

H. W. DUCKLOW, C. A. CARLSON, N. R. BATES, A. H. KNAP AND A. F. MICHAELS Dissolved organic carbon as a component of the biological pump in the North Atlantic Ocean 161

Discussion: T. JICKELLS, P.J. LE B. WILLIAMS, I. N. MCCAVE 167 MAUREEN H. CONTE, GEOFFREY EGLINTON AND LUIZ A. S. MADUREIRA

Origin and fate of organic biomarker compounds in the water column and sediments of the eastern North Atlantic 169

Discussion: C. RABOUILLE, L. LABEYRIE, S. MUDGE 178

C. M. TURLEY, K. LOCHTE AND R. S. LAMPITT Transformations of biogenic particles during sedimentation in the northeastern Atlantic 179

PROCESSES AND MODELLING HOW CAN WE INTEGRATE OBSEVATIONS OF THE PROCESSES WHICH DRIVE

THE CARBON CYCLE? CAN WE DERIVE BASIN-WIDE ASSESSMENTS OF THE ROLE OF THE ATLANTIC OCEAN IN THE GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE?

TREVOR PLATT, SHUBHA SATHYENDRANATH AND ALAN LONGHURST Remote sensing of primary production in the ocean: promise and fulfilment 191

Discussion: T. R. S. WILSON, J. WOODS, T. TAKAHASHI 201

M.J. R. FASHAM AND G. T. EVANS The use of optimization techniques to model marine ecosystem dynamics at the JGOFS station at 47 ?N 20 ?W 203

Discussion: D. A. KIEFER, M. CREASEY, H. LEACH 209

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J. L. SARMIENTO, R. MURNANE AND C. LE QUERE' Air-sea CO2 transfer and the carbon budget of the North Atlantic 211

Discussion: R. KEELING, R. G. WILLIAMS 219

GEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE AND PALAEOOCEANOGRAPHY

HOW VARIABLE HAS THE SYSTEM BEEN IN THE PAST AND WHAT ROLE CAN BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE BIOLOGICAL CYCLES?

GRAHAM B. SHIMMIELD, TIMOTHY D. BRAND AND GEORGE D. RITCHIE The benthic geochemical record of late Holocene carbon flux in the northeast Atlantic 221

Discussion: C. RABOUILLE 227 I. N. MCCAVE

Sedimentary processes and the creation of the stratigraphic record in the Late Quaternary North Atlantic Ocean 229

Discussion: P. M. HOLLIGAN, F. A. STREET-PERROT, L. LABEYRIE, M. SARNTHEIN 240 ED BOYLE

Last-Glacial-Maximum North Atlantic Deep Water: on, off, or somewhere in-between? 253 Discussion: H. LEACH 253

L. LABEYRIE, L. VIDAL, E. CORTIJO, M. PATERNE, M. ARNOLD, J. C. DUPLESSY, M. VAUTRAVERS, M. LABRACHERIE, J. DUPRAT, J. L. TURON, F. GROUSSET AND T. VAN WEERING

Surface and deep hydrology of the Northern Atlantic Ocean during the past 150000 years 255

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