Date post: | 04-Aug-2015 |
Category: |
Technology |
Upload: | daniel-strazzulla |
View: | 132 times |
Download: | 3 times |
One App to Rule them All?
The role of video in remote intimate
communicationby daniel strazzulla ([email protected])
Advisor: Wendy E. Mackay
Stanford HCI Master’s
Software Engineer at IBM
UX at Apple
PhD at InSitu (Inria/CORDI)
About Me
about me
Computer Mediated Communication
Intimate Social Networks
Research and Design Methods
Interaction Design
MotivationRelated WorkStudyStories of Video in Remote Intimate Communication
Who?When?How?What?Why?Conclusion and Future Work
today
research questions
How do people use communication technologies with different relationships?
How do relationships change after the introduction of new technologies?
What motivates the selection of specific communication tools for different relationships?
assumptions - richness
“Face-to-face communicative behavior in the real world is not always an appropriate baseline for the evaluation of mediated communication.” [Dourish et al., 1993]
assumptions - richness
“[Long Distance Relationship(LDR) assumptions] 1.Frequent Face-to-Face(FtF) communication is necessary for close personal relationships.” [Stafford, 2004]
“Face-to-face communicative behavior in the real world is not always an appropriate baseline for the evaluation of mediated communication.” [Dourish et al., 1993]
assumptions - richness
“Relationships develop more slowly online, but given time, CMC can be as personal as other modes.” [Stafford, 2004]
“[Long Distance Relationship(LDR) assumptions] 1.Frequent Face-to-Face(FtF) communication is necessary for close personal relationships.” [Stafford, 2004]
“Face-to-face communicative behavior in the real world is not always an appropriate baseline for the evaluation of mediated communication.” [Dourish et al., 1993]
assumptions - frequency
“[The] frequency of interaction among family members is not directly associated with the satisfaction or quality of the relationship.” [Stafford, 2004]
assumptions - one app for remote communication
“Communicative modalities exist side by side, rather than in competition with each other.” [Dourish et al., 1993]
assumptions - one app for remote communication
“Though each relationship is unique in that each develops its own "miniculture" (Wilmot, 1995), these minicultures take place within a context of other networks.” [Stafford, 2004]
“Communicative modalities exist side by side, rather than in competition with each other.” [Dourish et al., 1993]
one email to rule them all?
‘Same’ TechnicalFeatures
Different Social Contexts
Used for DifferentPeople
@gmail @inria @hotmail
Medium text images audio video
Bandwidth low high
Synchronicity synchronous asynchronous
Symmetry symmetric asymmetric
Mobility fixed movable mobile
Location
Time Zone same overlap oppositeSetting work home school commute
Placement bedroom kitchen living room entrance
Context awareness
dumb passive active
Interaction
With device input outputBet. devices peer client/server active passiveBet. users sharing collaborating monitoring
Background gender age nationality culture
Relationship coworkers couples families strangers
Sizewearable portable static
small medium installation
Content location status emotion weather
Comm. Structure
one to one one to many many to many
Device Hardware Softwaredesign space
Key Privileged Relationships
who do you talk to?
“Intimate relationships differ from more casual associations in at least six specific ways: knowledge, caring, interdependence, mutuality, trust, and commitment.” [Miller, 2011]
study
Study 2
Group 2 Group 3201312 participants8 nationalities23 to 27 years old
201414 participants11 nationalities20 to 29 years old
Semi-structured interview
Semi-structured interview
Questionnaire
Diary Study
Cultural Probe
Survey
Questionnaire
Survey
Group 1201124 participants11 nationalities20 to 34 years oldSemi-structured interview
Study 1
study
201124 participants11 nationalities23 to 28 years oldSemi-structured interview2 hourscollection of 4 weeks of communication data logs
communication patterns
motivation
use of media
relationships
frequency
Study 1 Goals
Group 1
Group 2 Group 3
study
Study 2
201312 participants8 nationalities23 to 27 years old
201414 participants11 nationalities20 to 29 years old
Semi-structured interview
Semi-structured interview
Questionnaire
Diary Study
Cultural Probe
Survey
Questionnaire
Survey
Overall Goalscommunication patternsmotivationuse of mediarelationshipsfrequency
Group 2 Group 3
study
Study 2
201312 participants8 nationalities23 to 27 years old
201414 participants11 nationalities20 to 29 years old
Semi-structured interview
Semi-structured interview
Questionnaire
Diary Study
Cultural Probe
Survey
Questionnaire
Survey
Overall Goals
motivation and stories
media and relationships
disruption and frequency
self-understanding
availability and preferences
communication patternsmotivationuse of mediarelationshipsfrequency
study
Survey
Mobile OS use
Installed communication applications
Privileged contacts within those applications
Preference of applications for each medium
challenges and opportunities
variability
evolving trends
sample sizes
idealization
self-awareness
economics
disruption
extensive monitoring
private data collection
demographics
self-report
memory
medium
technology knowledge
access to technology
quality
usability
bandwidth
interview insights
What motivates the selection of specific communication tools for different relationships?
medium
technology knowledge
access to technology
quality
usability
bandwidth
What motivates the selection of specific communication tools for different relationships?
habit
cost
trends
fidelity
belonging
hardware
productivity
interview insights
medium
technology knowledge
access to technology
quality
usability
bandwidth
What motivates the selection of specific communication tools for different relationships?
time-zone
relationship
privacy
accessibility
features
emoji
stalking
habit
cost
trends
fidelity
belonging
hardware
productivity
interview insights
who uses video?
“Rich media allow instantaneous feedback and multiple channels to allow a wide range of cues. In theory, the richer the media, the greater the potential to reduce ambiguity.”
-Stafford, Laura (2004)
who
Group Proxy
“I don’t think I ever call my dad to talk with him without my mother, but I didn’t realize it before” -Mary
“Parents share a single Skype account, so it’s more like calling home than either one of them” - Lola
who
“With my grandma I only use video when my sister is there, I mean, only when my grandma is at my home and my sister is also there and has time.” -Andrea
“We just sit and talk [when on video communication] and she would say comments like ‘I think you’re getting a little fatter’… My dad usually shows up on the video conversations” -Mary
Group Proxy
what
TopicsInteractions
"I would discuss something that needs discussion on WhatsApp, like if its more than 30 words, I wouldn’t, I’d wait and then talk about it on Skype” -Simon
“A normal conversation: start with stories, then mundane daily things, talk about trips and computer tech support, it usually lasts an hour.” -Simon
Weather, health, exams, travel , ’dumb trivial things’ and administrative issues are most popular topics
“I don’t know what to talk about with my dad, so I just repeat the things my mom asked me about before putting him on the call” - Mary
what
TopicsInteractions
“When Skyping with my friend I move all over my room, but when talking with my parents it’s a bit formal, I have to sit down on my desk and be ready” -Norman
"Once, I chose to share screen using Skype, and then show them my pictures on my iPhoto gallery, but that was too slow because of internet speed, so I only did it once and I didn’t like it.” -Andrea
"I use WhatsApp and Skype to share files with my GF, I use email to do it with my mom and I never really share files with my dad”- Simon
what
TopicsInteractions
“I use Skype to call home, but it’s a little strange. I have my PC back home open all day, and I call it and if someone is in the room, we have the speakers loud, it’s like a phone… So I use Skype like a phone. I have also installed TeamViewer, a program for remote desktop, so that I sometimes call the PC and respond by myself… because if nobody is here, or I know somebody is here but in another room, it’s like checking if somebody is in my PC” - Ugo
when
routinesschedules
"We[she and her boyfriend] Skype every night to fall asleep”. -Kate
"We whatsapp during the day, since she is at work. Then we Skype at night." -David
“Sundays are Skype days” -Pedro
“We Skype in the evenings (video) everyday” -Oscar
“Skype is always open” -Pedro
“After work, around 8pm she’s back at home so we use video [GF]… We text each other first to see if available and then start the conversation, some sort of “virtual handshaking” like "can I call you” kinda thing, but for instance my father just calls, I find it annoying” -Simon
when
routinesschedules
“We just know each other’s schedule because we talk a lot”-Oscar
“My routine is: finish eating, then check if either is online, if they’re I call them, first one then the other” -Simon
"To deal with TZ differences, I simply told them to never call me after their 3pm, because they would wake me up, and that worked. At the same time, I also don’t contact them during my daytime, because I realized that when I text or email my dad, I wake him up… and he replies to me at his 2 or 3am, so I made myself a rule to not contact them until 1pm here. We basically had to agree on periods of time where communicating is appropriate between us” -Andrea
how
application
device
direction
“I prefer using Skype on laptop since I don’t have to sync, I’m faster and the webcam works just fine” -Oscar
Approximately half use it on mobile devices and other half on laptops
“My girlfriend prefers to use Skype on her computer, since it’s more comfortable to type. However I prefer using it on my phone, so that I can use it in bed or while moving around” -Oscar
how
application
device
direction
" My mother feels like she has to talk to me.”- Ian
"Mom doesn't calls me on Skype, she thinks I'm busy. I have to call her instead.”-Ian
“With my mother and father I use Skype with them, they get super annoyed if I’m not there every night… With my dad is[the virtual check-in] every 24 hours, with my mom is every 3 or 4 days (they’re divorced)”-Simon
"I only call landlines with my grandma, also with Skype credit. This is the only way I can communicate with her. Sometimes she tells me she would like to call me too, but she cannot since it’s very expensive and has no alternatives” - Andrea
why
relationship
contexttechnology
"My mom doesn't chat through Skype. Her understanding is that Skype is only for calling." -Ian
“I usually use weChat for video, is my main video app, however sometimes I use Skype is more serious or business partner, I use it for work related communications, or with my [now] American friends [colleagues]” -Peter
“We’re [dad and I] always online on Skype, then we text each other to ask to for video conversation” -Oscar
"Me and my sister just leave the Skype conversation open in the background while we're both at home, you know? to hangout… we really became friends after I moved away." -Jacky
why
relationship
contexttechnology
Despite being “friends” on Facebook, we [dad and I] try to avoid it as much as possible, that’s why we stick with Skype” -Roberto
“We [dad and I] don’t use Facetime despite having Apple devices, because by now Skype has become part of the communication between us.” -Oscar
"Mom got technological after I left” -Martín
“I used Skype once and I hate it, the quality was terrible…Instead I use hangouts to talk with my parents, they use an add-on to their browser so it’s always there” -Roberto
why
relationship
contexttechnology
"I avoid using video when the house is a mess.” -Oscar
“The alternative to call from one phone line to another, doesn’t exist between us[family], it’s just not an option, because it’s outrageously expensive, so we just find ways to communicate around Skype” -Andrea
“There’s another problem, my mom is completely technology zero… they have a laptop there [mom and husband] and I installed Skype on it, told her to click on this icon for me to show up… The problem is that her husband is always using the computer, so I never know who is on the computer, even when I see her ‘online’… so I contact her directly on WhatsApp to make sure she’s the one online” -Simon
why
relationship
contexttechnology
"I sometimes video chat with my mom only because QQ forces us to, there is no voice only option. I don't think video is necessary. That's why sometimes we just exchange voice messages instead, which QQ allows. “ -Mary“I have this love/hate relationship with Skype… It always works, from a Network point of view, even if you can’t open Google, Skype still works, it’s always like that… If you have a network problems try using Skype… I like that, but when the time comes to call people,it’s sluggish, it crashes, I don’t like the UI… I use it on the iPad mostly, I feel more comfortable like that, I can use it while I’m eating” -Simon
“On Skype messages arrive and don’t arrive” -Simon
role of video in remote intimate communication
“Rich media allow instantaneous feedback and multiple channels to allow a wide range of cues. In theory, the richer the media, the greater the potential to reduce ambiguity. In this view, FtF communication is the richest communication. This theory suggests that individuals make rational choices matching a particular medium to a specific objective and to the richness that tasks require.” [Stafford, 2004]
role of video in remote intimate communication
“Most available technologies however focus on the transmission of explicit information, which neglects the emotional and subtle communication so typical for close relationships” [Knobel et al., 2012]
video is a closed medium
“The issue is one not only of technological design, but appropriate deployment and the flexibility to be able to shape the space.” [Dourish et al., 1993]
“Field studies (e.g.,) show that video is merely treated as a “technical feature.” It remains left to people to appropriate the feature, that is, to make it work as a social practice.” [Ames et al., 2010]
reasons for video
symmetry
proxy
topics
interactions
routines
settings
schedules
application
device
direction
relationshipcontext
technology
reasons for any media
symmetry
proxy
topics
interactions
routines
settings
schedules
application
device
direction
relationshipcontext
technology
medium
technology knowledge
access to technology
quality
usability
bandwidth
accessibility
features
emoticons
stalking
time-zone
privacy
habit
cost
trends
fidelity
belonging
hardware
productivity
conclusion
Technology
RelationshipContext
Control
ClosenessAvailability