The Role of Women in the Ministry Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2006.

The Role of Women The Role of Women in the Ministryin the Ministry

Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2006Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2006


Thesis:Thesis: Women are equal with men in Women are equal with men in naturenature, , in in redemptionredemption, and in , and in ministryministry; women and ; women and

men differ only in men differ only in functionfunction. .


Thesis:Thesis: Women are equal with men in Women are equal with men in naturenature, , in in redemptionredemption, and in , and in ministryministry; women and ; women and

men differ only in men differ only in functionfunction. .



I.I. Women are Equal to Men in Women are Equal to Men in NatureNatureII. Women are Equal to Men in II. Women are Equal to Men in

Redemptive StatusRedemptive StatusIII. Women are Equal to Men in III. Women are Equal to Men in Spiritual Spiritual

GiftsGiftsIV. Women are Different from men inIV. Women are Different from men in

Function.Function.

I.I. Women are Equal to Men in Women are Equal to Men in NatureNatureII. Women are Equal to Men in II. Women are Equal to Men in

Redemptive StatusRedemptive StatusIII. Women are Equal to Men in III. Women are Equal to Men in Spiritual Spiritual

GiftsGiftsIV. Women are Different from men inIV. Women are Different from men in

Function.Function.

I.I. Women are Equal to Men in Women are Equal to Men in NatureNature

I.I. Women are Equal to Men in Women are Equal to Men in NatureNature

A. Both are Made in the Image of GodA. Both are Made in the Image of God““God created man in God created man in his own imagehis own image, in the , in the image of God he created him; image of God he created him; male and femalemale and female he created them” (Gen. 1:27; 5:1-2).he created them” (Gen. 1:27; 5:1-2).

B. Both are Dependent on the OtherB. Both are Dependent on the Other““In the Lord, however, woman is not In the Lord, however, woman is not independent of man, independent of man, nor is man independent of nor is man independent of woman.woman. For as woman came from man, so also For as woman came from man, so also man is born of womanman is born of woman (1 Cor. 11:11-12). (1 Cor. 11:11-12).

A. Both are Made in the Image of GodA. Both are Made in the Image of God““God created man in God created man in his own imagehis own image, in the , in the image of God he created him; image of God he created him; male and femalemale and female he created them” (Gen. 1:27; 5:1-2).he created them” (Gen. 1:27; 5:1-2).

B. Both are Dependent on the OtherB. Both are Dependent on the Other““In the Lord, however, woman is not In the Lord, however, woman is not independent of man, independent of man, nor is man independent of nor is man independent of woman.woman. For as woman came from man, so also For as woman came from man, so also man is born of womanman is born of woman (1 Cor. 11:11-12). (1 Cor. 11:11-12).

II. Women are Equal to Men in II. Women are Equal to Men in Redemptive StatusRedemptive Status

II. Women are Equal to Men in II. Women are Equal to Men in Redemptive StatusRedemptive Status

A. The Need of RedemptionA. The Need of Redemption ““Therefore, just as sin entered the world Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to and in this way death came to all peopleall people, , because all sinned—” because all sinned—”

Translations Translations (of Gk.(of Gk. anthropos=anthropos=human being). human being). NET–“all people”NET–“all people”

NAB–“all [persons]” NAB–“all [persons]” NLT–“the entire human race”NLT–“the entire human race”TEV–“the whole human race”TEV–“the whole human race”Many–“all men”Many–“all men”

A. The Need of RedemptionA. The Need of Redemption ““Therefore, just as sin entered the world Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, through one man, and death through sin, and in this way death came to and in this way death came to all peopleall people, , because all sinned—” because all sinned—”

Translations Translations (of Gk.(of Gk. anthropos=anthropos=human being). human being). NET–“all people”NET–“all people”

NAB–“all [persons]” NAB–“all [persons]” NLT–“the entire human race”NLT–“the entire human race”TEV–“the whole human race”TEV–“the whole human race”Many–“all men”Many–“all men”

B. B. TheThe Provision of Redemption Provision of Redemption B. B. TheThe Provision of Redemption Provision of Redemption “ “ Consequently, just as the result of one trespass was Consequently, just as the result of one trespass was

condemnation for condemnation for all menall men, so also the result of one act , so also the result of one act of righteousness was justification that brings life forof righteousness was justification that brings life for all all men”men” [anthropos] (Rom. 5:18). [anthropos] (Rom. 5:18).

““There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor male nor femalefemale, for you are all one in Christ Jesus” (Gal. 3:28). , for you are all one in Christ Jesus” (Gal. 3:28).

““For God so loved the For God so loved the worldworld that he gave his one and that he gave his one and

only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life” (Jn. 3:16). but have eternal life” (Jn. 3:16).

Note:Note: “world” ( “world” (cosmos)cosmos) includes men and women includes men and women..

“ “ Consequently, just as the result of one trespass was Consequently, just as the result of one trespass was condemnation for condemnation for all menall men, so also the result of one act , so also the result of one act of righteousness was justification that brings life forof righteousness was justification that brings life for all all men”men” [anthropos] (Rom. 5:18). [anthropos] (Rom. 5:18).

““There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor male nor femalefemale, for you are all one in Christ Jesus” (Gal. 3:28). , for you are all one in Christ Jesus” (Gal. 3:28).

““For God so loved the For God so loved the worldworld that he gave his one and that he gave his one and

only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life” (Jn. 3:16). but have eternal life” (Jn. 3:16).

Note:Note: “world” ( “world” (cosmos)cosmos) includes men and women includes men and women..

III. Women are Equal to Men in III. Women are Equal to Men in Spiritual GiftsSpiritual Gifts

A. Both Have the Same Spiritual GiftsA. Both Have the Same Spiritual Gifts A. Both Have the Same Spiritual GiftsA. Both Have the Same Spiritual Gifts


A. Both Have the Same Spiritual GiftsA. Both Have the Same Spiritual Gifts

““There are different kinds of gifts, but the There are different kinds of gifts, but the same Spirit. There are different kinds of same Spirit. There are different kinds of service, but the same Lord. There are service, but the same Lord. There are different kinds of working, but the same different kinds of working, but the same

God God worksworks all of them all of them in allin all. Now to. Now to each oneeach one the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the common good” (1 Cor. 12:4-7). the common good” (1 Cor. 12:4-7).


““There are different kinds of gifts, but the There are different kinds of gifts, but the same Spirit. There are different kinds of same Spirit. There are different kinds of service, but the same Lord. There are service, but the same Lord. There are different kinds of working, but the same different kinds of working, but the same

God God worksworks all of them all of them in allin all. Now to. Now to each oneeach one the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the common good” (1 Cor. 12:4-7). the common good” (1 Cor. 12:4-7).



There are no sex symbols by any gifts (1Cor. There are no sex symbols by any gifts (1Cor. 12:8-10).12:8-10).

It does not say “gift of teaching” (M)It does not say “gift of teaching” (M)

It does not say “gift of helps” (F) It does not say “gift of helps” (F)


There are no sex symbols by any gifts (1Cor. There are no sex symbols by any gifts (1Cor. 12:8-10).12:8-10).

It does not say “gift of teaching” (M)It does not say “gift of teaching” (M)

It does not say “gift of helps” (F) It does not say “gift of helps” (F)



B. There Were Women Prophetesses in B. There Were Women Prophetesses in the New Testament the New Testament

“ “Now there was one, Now there was one, Anna, a Anna, a prophetessprophetess…who did not depart from the …who did not depart from the temple but served God with fasting and temple but served God with fasting and prayers night and day” (Lk. 2:37-37).prayers night and day” (Lk. 2:37-37).







“ “Now this man [Philip the evangelist] had Now this man [Philip the evangelist] had four virgin daughters who prophesied”four virgin daughters who prophesied” (Acts 21:9).(Acts 21:9).



“ “Now this man [Philip the evangelist] had Now this man [Philip the evangelist] had four virgin daughters who prophesied”four virgin daughters who prophesied” (Acts 21:9).(Acts 21:9).



C. The Woman Priscilla Helped Teach C. The Woman Priscilla Helped Teach the Man Apollosthe Man Apollos

C. The Woman Priscilla Helped Teach C. The Woman Priscilla Helped Teach the Man Apollosthe Man Apollos



C. The Woman Priscilla Helped Teach C. The Woman Priscilla Helped Teach the Man Apollos the Man Apollos

“ “When When Priscilla [a woman] Priscilla [a woman] and and Aquila Aquila heard him [Apollos, the teacher],heard him [Apollos, the teacher], theythey invited him to their home and invited him to their home and

explained to him the way of explained to him the way of God God more adequately”more adequately” (Acts (Acts 18:26).18:26).

C. The Woman Priscilla Helped Teach C. The Woman Priscilla Helped Teach the Man Apollos the Man Apollos

“ “When When Priscilla [a woman] Priscilla [a woman] and and Aquila Aquila heard him [Apollos, the teacher],heard him [Apollos, the teacher], theythey invited him to their home and invited him to their home and

explained to him the way of explained to him the way of God God more adequately”more adequately” (Acts (Acts 18:26).18:26).



D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with Men in Spiritual Gatherings Men in Spiritual Gatherings

D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with Men in Spiritual Gatherings Men in Spiritual Gatherings



D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with Men in Spiritual Gatherings Men in Spiritual Gatherings ““These These all continued with one accord in all continued with one accord in

prayer with the womenprayer with the women and Mary the and Mary the mother mother of Jesus, and with His brothers” of Jesus, and with His brothers” (Acts 1:14).(Acts 1:14).

D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with Men in Spiritual Gatherings Men in Spiritual Gatherings ““These These all continued with one accord in all continued with one accord in

prayer with the womenprayer with the women and Mary the and Mary the mother mother of Jesus, and with His brothers” of Jesus, and with His brothers” (Acts 1:14).(Acts 1:14).



D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with Men Men in Spiritual Gatheringsin Spiritual Gatherings ““These These all continued with one accord in all continued with one accord in

prayer with the womenprayer with the women and Mary the mother and Mary the mother of Jesus, of Jesus, and with His brothers” (Acts 1:14).and with His brothers” (Acts 1:14).

““Every man who prays or prophesies Every man who prays or prophesies with with his head covered dishonors his head covered dishonors his head. his head. AndAnd every woman who every woman who prays or prays or prophesiesprophesies with her head with her head uncovered dishonors her head...”uncovered dishonors her head...”

(1 Cor. 11:4-5).(1 Cor. 11:4-5).

D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with D. Women Prayed and Prophesied with Men Men in Spiritual Gatheringsin Spiritual Gatherings ““These These all continued with one accord in all continued with one accord in

prayer with the womenprayer with the women and Mary the mother and Mary the mother of Jesus, of Jesus, and with His brothers” (Acts 1:14).and with His brothers” (Acts 1:14).

““Every man who prays or prophesies Every man who prays or prophesies with with his head covered dishonors his head covered dishonors his head. his head. AndAnd every woman who every woman who prays or prays or prophesiesprophesies with her head with her head uncovered dishonors her head...”uncovered dishonors her head...”

(1 Cor. 11:4-5).(1 Cor. 11:4-5).



E. The exhortation for women to “keep E. The exhortation for women to “keep silent” issilent” is not general but related not general but related

only only to specific occasions (1 Cor. to specific occasions (1 Cor. 14:34).14:34).


only only to specific occasions (1 Cor. to specific occasions (1 Cor. 14:34).14:34).




only only to specific occasions (1 Cor. to specific occasions (1 Cor. 14:34).14:34). 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told

how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4- how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5).5).



how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4- how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5).5).




only only to specific occasions (1Cor. to specific occasions (1Cor. 14:34).14:34). 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told

how to speak in church (1Cor. 11:4-5). how to speak in church (1Cor. 11:4-5). 2. Men were also told when to be silent in 2. Men were also told when to be silent in

church in certain contexts (14:28,30). church in certain contexts (14:28,30).


only only to specific occasions (1Cor. to specific occasions (1Cor. 14:34).14:34). 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told

how to speak in church (1Cor. 11:4-5). how to speak in church (1Cor. 11:4-5). 2. Men were also told when to be silent in 2. Men were also told when to be silent in

church in certain contexts (14:28,30). church in certain contexts (14:28,30).





how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5). how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5). 2. Men were also told when to be silent in 2. Men were also told when to be silent in

church in certain contexts (14:28,30). church in certain contexts (14:28,30). 3. The context here relates to wives who3. The context here relates to wives who

were talking with their husbands (14:35) were talking with their husbands (14:35) while the service was going on. while the service was going on.



how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5). how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5). 2. Men were also told when to be silent in 2. Men were also told when to be silent in

church in certain contexts (14:28,30). church in certain contexts (14:28,30). 3. The context here relates to wives who3. The context here relates to wives who

were talking with their husbands (14:35) were talking with their husbands (14:35) while the service was going on. while the service was going on.



E. The exhortation for women to “keep E. The exhortation for women to “keep silent” issilent” is not general but related only not general but related only to to specific occasions (1 Cor. 14:34).specific occasions (1 Cor. 14:34). 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told

how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5).how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5). 2. Men were also told when to be silent in 2. Men were also told when to be silent in church in certain contexts (14:28,30).church in certain contexts (14:28,30).

3. The context here relates to wives who3. The context here relates to wives who were talking with their husbands (14:35) were talking with their husbands (14:35) while the service was going on. while the service was going on.

Note:Note: “Women” (“Women” (gunaikesgunaikes) ) oftenoften means “wives” (e.g., 14 times in means “wives” (e.g., 14 times in 1 Cor. 7) and 1 Cor. 7) and always always when used with the word “submission” (v. when used with the word “submission” (v. 34 cf. Eph. 5:22; Col. 3:18).34 cf. Eph. 5:22; Col. 3:18).

E. The exhortation for women to “keep E. The exhortation for women to “keep silent” issilent” is not general but related only not general but related only to to specific occasions (1 Cor. 14:34).specific occasions (1 Cor. 14:34). 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told 1. Elsewhere, women in general were told

how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5).how to speak in church (1 Cor. 11:4-5). 2. Men were also told when to be silent in 2. Men were also told when to be silent in church in certain contexts (14:28,30).church in certain contexts (14:28,30).

3. The context here relates to wives who3. The context here relates to wives who were talking with their husbands (14:35) were talking with their husbands (14:35) while the service was going on. while the service was going on.

Note:Note: “Women” (“Women” (gunaikesgunaikes) ) oftenoften means “wives” (e.g., 14 times in means “wives” (e.g., 14 times in 1 Cor. 7) and 1 Cor. 7) and always always when used with the word “submission” (v. when used with the word “submission” (v. 34 cf. Eph. 5:22; Col. 3:18).34 cf. Eph. 5:22; Col. 3:18).

IV. Women are Different from IV. Women are Different from Men in Men in FunctionFunction


A. Some Functions are Superior (e.g., child-A. Some Functions are Superior (e.g., childbearing and child-nurturing) bearing and child-nurturing)

..


..



““For as woman came from man, so alsoFor as woman came from man, so also man is born of man is born of womanwoman. But everything comes from God” (1 Cor. . But everything comes from God” (1 Cor.

11:12). 11:12). ““But But women will be saved throughwomen will be saved through childbearing childbearing—if they —if they

continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety” (1 Tim. continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety” (1 Tim. 2:15).2:15).










Four ViewsFour Views:: “saved” [Gk. = delivered]-- “saved” [Gk. = delivered]--a) from the difficult physical process of childbearing;a) from the difficult physical process of childbearing;b) by the ultimate childbirth of the Savior;b) by the ultimate childbirth of the Savior;c) from the corruption of society by being at home raising children.c) from the corruption of society by being at home raising children.d) from insignificance by virtue of role as wife and mother. d) from insignificance by virtue of role as wife and mother.





Four ViewsFour Views:: “saved” [Gk. = delivered]-- “saved” [Gk. = delivered]--a) from the difficult physical process of childbearing;a) from the difficult physical process of childbearing;b) by the ultimate childbirth of the Savior;b) by the ultimate childbirth of the Savior;c) from the corruption of society by being at home raising children.c) from the corruption of society by being at home raising children.d) from insignificance by virtue of role as wife and mother. d) from insignificance by virtue of role as wife and mother.



““For as woman came from man, so alsoFor as woman came from man, so also man is born of man is born of womanwoman. But everything comes from God” (1 Cor. 11:12). . But everything comes from God” (1 Cor. 11:12).

““But But women will be saved throughwomen will be saved through childbearing childbearing—if they —if they continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety” (1Tim. continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety” (1Tim. 2:15).2:15).

Four ViewsFour Views:: “saved” [Gk. = delivered]-- “saved” [Gk. = delivered]--a) from the difficult physical process of childbearing;a) from the difficult physical process of childbearing;b) by the ultimate childbirth of the Savior;b) by the ultimate childbirth of the Savior;c) from the corruption of society by being at home raising children.c) from the corruption of society by being at home raising children.d) from insignificance by virtue of role as wife and mother. d) from insignificance by virtue of role as wife and mother. This fits the context better, namely, (1) with not usurping man’s role as This fits the context better, namely, (1) with not usurping man’s role as church leader and (2) with the fact that it is conditioned on continuing church leader and (2) with the fact that it is conditioned on continuing in faith and holiness. in faith and holiness.


““For as woman came from man, so alsoFor as woman came from man, so also man is born of man is born of womanwoman. But everything comes from God” (1 Cor. 11:12). . But everything comes from God” (1 Cor. 11:12).

““But But women will be saved throughwomen will be saved through childbearing childbearing—if they —if they continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety” (1Tim. continue in faith, love and holiness with propriety” (1Tim. 2:15).2:15).

Four ViewsFour Views:: “saved” [Gk. = delivered]-- “saved” [Gk. = delivered]--a) from the difficult physical process of childbearing;a) from the difficult physical process of childbearing;b) by the ultimate childbirth of the Savior;b) by the ultimate childbirth of the Savior;c) from the corruption of society by being at home raising children.c) from the corruption of society by being at home raising children.d) from insignificance by virtue of role as wife and mother. d) from insignificance by virtue of role as wife and mother. This fits the context better, namely, (1) with not usurping man’s role as This fits the context better, namely, (1) with not usurping man’s role as church leader and (2) with the fact that it is conditioned on continuing church leader and (2) with the fact that it is conditioned on continuing in faith and holiness. in faith and holiness.

A. Some Functions are SuperiorA. Some Functions are Superior (e.g., childbearing & nurturing)(e.g., childbearing & nurturing)

Walvoord, ed.:Walvoord, ed.: “A woman will find her greatest “A woman will find her greatest satisfaction and meaning in life, not in seeking a satisfaction and meaning in life, not in seeking a male role, but in fulfilling God’s design for her as male role, but in fulfilling God’s design for her as wife and mother with all “faith, love, and holiness wife and mother with all “faith, love, and holiness with propriety” (with propriety” (Bible Knowledge CommBible Knowledge Comm., 2.736).., 2.736).


A. Some Functions are SuperiorA. Some Functions are Superior (e.g., childbearing & nurturing)(e.g., childbearing & nurturing)


A. T. Robertson:A. T. Robertson: Paul had “mostly in mind that Paul had “mostly in mind that child-bearing, not public teaching, is the peculiar child-bearing, not public teaching, is the peculiar function of woman with a glory and dignity all its function of woman with a glory and dignity all its own” (own” (Word Pictures in the NTWord Pictures in the NT, 570-571)., 570-571).


A. T. Robertson:A. T. Robertson: Paul had “mostly in mind that Paul had “mostly in mind that child-bearing, not public teaching, is the peculiar child-bearing, not public teaching, is the peculiar function of woman with a glory and dignity all its function of woman with a glory and dignity all its own” (own” (Word Pictures in the NTWord Pictures in the NT, 570-571)., 570-571).

B. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are Submissive B. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are Submissive

1. Women should submit to their husbands1. Women should submit to their husbands

““Wives, Wives, submit to your husbandssubmit to your husbands as to the Lord. For the as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the Savior” (Eph. 5:22 church, his body, of which he is the Savior” (Eph. 5:22

cf.Titus 2:4-5).cf.Titus 2:4-5).


““Wives, Wives, submit to your husbandssubmit to your husbands as to the Lord. For the as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the Savior” (Eph. 5:22 church, his body, of which he is the Savior” (Eph. 5:22

cf.Titus 2:4-5).cf.Titus 2:4-5).

B. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are Submissive B. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are Submissive 1. Women should submit to their husbands1. Women should submit to their husbands

““Wives, Wives, submit to your husbandssubmit to your husbands as to the Lord. For the husband is the head as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the

Savior” (Eph. 5:22 cf.Titus 2:4-5).Savior” (Eph. 5:22 cf.Titus 2:4-5).

Note:Note: “Husbands “Husbands love your wives just as Christ also loved the churchlove your wives just as Christ also loved the church and gave and gave Himself for it” (Eph. 5:23).Himself for it” (Eph. 5:23).

a) Submission is a) Submission is voluntaryvoluntary,, not not compulsory.compulsory.

b) Submission is not to ab) Submission is not to a lordlord but to a but to a loverlover..

c) Submission is not c) Submission is not absoluteabsolute but only “under God.” but only “under God.”

1) Submit when they take their place 1) Submit when they take their place under Godunder God..

2) But not when they take the place 2) But not when they take the place of Godof God (Ex. 1, (Ex. 1, 12; 12; Dan. 3, 6; Acts 4-5; Rev. 13).Dan. 3, 6; Acts 4-5; Rev. 13).


““Wives, Wives, submit to your husbandssubmit to your husbands as to the Lord. For the husband is the head as to the Lord. For the husband is the head of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the of the wife as Christ is the head of the church, his body, of which he is the

Savior” (Eph. 5:22 cf.Titus 2:4-5).Savior” (Eph. 5:22 cf.Titus 2:4-5).

Note:Note: “Husbands “Husbands love your wives just as Christ also loved the churchlove your wives just as Christ also loved the church and gave and gave Himself for it” (Eph. 5:23).Himself for it” (Eph. 5:23).

a) Submission is a) Submission is voluntaryvoluntary,, not not compulsory.compulsory.

b) Submission is not to ab) Submission is not to a lordlord but to a but to a loverlover..

c) Submission is not c) Submission is not absoluteabsolute but only “under God.” but only “under God.”

1) Submit when they take their place 1) Submit when they take their place under Godunder God..

2) But not when they take the place 2) But not when they take the place of Godof God (Ex. 1, (Ex. 1, 12; 12; Dan. 3, 6; Acts 4-5; Rev. 13).Dan. 3, 6; Acts 4-5; Rev. 13).

B. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are Submissive 2. Women should submit to Elders of the Church2. Women should submit to Elders of the Church a. All elders were "a. All elders were "a a

husband" of one wifehusband" of one wife (1 Tim. 3:2). (1 Tim. 3:2). b. All deacons were also men.b. All deacons were also men. 1. “A husband of one wife” (1 Tim. 3:12).1. “A husband of one wife” (1 Tim. 3:12). 2. Only men were appointed as deacons (Acts 6:3-6). 2. Only men were appointed as deacons (Acts 6:3-6). 3. Phoebe was a “servant” (Rom.16:1 KJV, ASV, 3. Phoebe was a “servant” (Rom.16:1 KJV, ASV, NASB, NKJV) NASB, NKJV)

but not on a Board of Deacons (Phil. but not on a Board of Deacons (Phil. 1:1).1:1). 4. 1 Tim. 3:11 should be translated “wives” (as KJV, 4. 1 Tim. 3:11 should be translated “wives” (as KJV, ASV, NASB, ASV, NASB,

NKJV) because:NKJV) because:a) It is the word for “wives” (a) It is the word for “wives” (gunaikasgunaikas) not ) not “deacons.” “deacons.” b) The same word is often used for “wife” (1 Cor. 7).b) The same word is often used for “wife” (1 Cor. 7).c) A deacon must be a “husband” (v. 12).c) A deacon must be a “husband” (v. 12).e) The other view interrupts the flow of the text.e) The other view interrupts the flow of the text.f) Otherwise the list of qualification is truncated.f) Otherwise the list of qualification is truncated.g) It is against Paul’s general principle (1 Tim. 2:12).g) It is against Paul’s general principle (1 Tim. 2:12).

2. Women should submit to Elders of the Church2. Women should submit to Elders of the Church a. All elders were "a. All elders were "a a husband" of one wifehusband" of one wife (1 Tim. 3:2). (1 Tim. 3:2).

b. All deacons were also men.b. All deacons were also men. 1. “A husband of one wife” (1 Tim. 3:12).1. “A husband of one wife” (1 Tim. 3:12). 2. Only men were appointed as deacons (Acts 6:3-6). 2. Only men were appointed as deacons (Acts 6:3-6). 3. Phoebe was a “servant” (Rom.16:1 KJV, ASV, 3. Phoebe was a “servant” (Rom.16:1 KJV, ASV, NASB, NKJV) NASB, NKJV)

but not on a Board of Deacons (Phil. but not on a Board of Deacons (Phil. 1:1).1:1). 4. 1 Tim. 3:11 should be translated “wives” (as KJV, 4. 1 Tim. 3:11 should be translated “wives” (as KJV, ASV, NASB, ASV, NASB,

NKJV) because:NKJV) because:a) It is the word for “wives” (a) It is the word for “wives” (gunaikasgunaikas) not ) not “deacons.” “deacons.” b) The same word is often used for “wife” (1 Cor. 7).b) The same word is often used for “wife” (1 Cor. 7).c) A deacon must be a “husband” (v. 12).c) A deacon must be a “husband” (v. 12).e) The other view interrupts the flow of the text.e) The other view interrupts the flow of the text.f) Otherwise the list of qualification is truncated.f) Otherwise the list of qualification is truncated.g) It is against Paul’s general principle (1 Tim. 2:12).g) It is against Paul’s general principle (1 Tim. 2:12).

B. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are Submissive 2. Women should submit to the Elders of the 2. Women should submit to the Elders of the

Church Church c. All the apostles were men.c. All the apostles were men.

2. Women should submit to the Elders of the 2. Women should submit to the Elders of the Church Church

c. All the apostles were men.c. All the apostles were men.



1) They all have male names (Mt. 10:1f.). 1) They all have male names (Mt. 10:1f.).


c. All the apostles were men.c. All the apostles were men. 1) They all have male names (Mt. 10:1f.). 1) They all have male names (Mt. 10:1f.).



1) They all have male names (Mt. 10:1f.). 1) They all have male names (Mt. 10:1f.). 2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them.2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them.



2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them.2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them.



1) They all have male names (Mt. 10:1f.). 1) They all have male names (Mt. 10:1f.). 2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them.2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them. 3) They were also elders 3) They were also elders (1Pet. 5:1; 2Jn. 1).(1Pet. 5:1; 2Jn. 1). and all and all

elders were males. elders were males.



2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them.2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them. 3) They were also elders 3) They were also elders (1Pet. 5:1; 2Jn. 1).(1Pet. 5:1; 2Jn. 1). and all and all

elders were males. elders were males.



1) They all have masculine names (Mt. 10:1f.). 1) They all have masculine names (Mt. 10:1f.). 2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them.2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them. 3) They were also elders 3) They were also elders (1 Pet. 5:1; 2 Jn. 1).(1 Pet. 5:1; 2 Jn. 1). and all and all

elders were males. elders were males. 4) Junia 4) Junia (Rom. 16:7)(Rom. 16:7) is also a male name and was not is also a male name and was not an apostle but simply one “of note among an apostle but simply one “of note among the the apostles,” i.e., recognized in apostles,” i.e., recognized in apostolic circles.apostolic circles.


c. All the apostles were men.c. All the apostles were men. 1) They all have masculine names (Mt. 10:1f.). 1) They all have masculine names (Mt. 10:1f.).

2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them.2) The masculine pronoun (“he”) is used of them. 3) They were also elders 3) They were also elders (1 Pet. 5:1; 2 Jn. 1).(1 Pet. 5:1; 2 Jn. 1). and all and all

elders were males. elders were males. 4) Junia 4) Junia (Rom. 16:7)(Rom. 16:7) is also a male name and was not is also a male name and was not an apostle but simply one “of note among an apostle but simply one “of note among the the apostles,” i.e., recognized in apostles,” i.e., recognized in apostolic circles.apostolic circles.

B. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are Submissive

2. Women should submit to the Elders of 2. Women should submit to the Elders of the Churchthe Church

d. Women were not to usurp “authority over a man" d. Women were not to usurp “authority over a man" (1 Tim. 2:12 cf. Heb. 13:17).(1 Tim. 2:12 cf. Heb. 13:17). ““I do not permit a woman to teach or I do not permit a woman to teach or to have to have authority over a man authority over a man; she must be silent. For; she must be silent. For Adam was formed first, then Eve Adam was formed first, then Eve” (1 Tim. ” (1 Tim.

2:11-2:11- 13). 13).


d. Women were not to usurp “authority over a man" d. Women were not to usurp “authority over a man" (1 Tim. 2:12 cf. Heb. 13:17).(1 Tim. 2:12 cf. Heb. 13:17). ““I do not permit a woman to teach or I do not permit a woman to teach or to have to have authority over a man authority over a man; she must be silent. For; she must be silent. For Adam was formed first, then Eve Adam was formed first, then Eve” (1 Tim. ” (1 Tim.

2:11-2:11- 13). 13).

B. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are SubmissiveB. Some Functions are Submissive


d. Women were not to usurp “authority over a man" d. Women were not to usurp “authority over a man" (1 Tim. 2:12 cf. Heb. 13:17).(1 Tim. 2:12 cf. Heb. 13:17). ““I do not permit a woman to teach or I do not permit a woman to teach or to have to have

authority over a manauthority over a man; she must be silent. For; she must be silent. For Adam Adam was formed first, then Evewas formed first, then Eve” (1 Tim. 2:11-” (1 Tim. 2:11- 13). 13).

e. The reasons given were not cultural; they were:e. The reasons given were not cultural; they were: 1) the 1) the order of creationorder of creation (Adam was made first). (Adam was made first). 2) the 2) the order inorder in the Godheadthe Godhead (1 Cor. 11:3): (1 Cor. 11:3): ““Now I want you to realize that Now I want you to realize that the head of every the head of every man is Christ man is Christ,, and and the head of the woman is the head of the woman is

manman, , and and the head of Christ is Godthe head of Christ is God” (cf. 1Cor. ” (cf. 1Cor. 15:28).15:28).


d. Women were not to usurp “authority over a man" d. Women were not to usurp “authority over a man" (1 Tim. 2:12 cf. Heb. 13:17).(1 Tim. 2:12 cf. Heb. 13:17). ““I do not permit a woman to teach or I do not permit a woman to teach or to have to have

authority over a manauthority over a man; she must be silent. For; she must be silent. For Adam Adam was formed first, then Evewas formed first, then Eve” (1 Tim. 2:11-” (1 Tim. 2:11- 13). 13).

e. The reasons given were not cultural; they were:e. The reasons given were not cultural; they were: 1) the 1) the order of creationorder of creation (Adam was made first). (Adam was made first). 2) the 2) the order inorder in the Godheadthe Godhead (1 Cor. 11:3): (1 Cor. 11:3): ““Now I want you to realize that Now I want you to realize that the head of every the head of every man is Christ man is Christ,, and and the head of the woman is the head of the woman is

manman, , and and the head of Christ is Godthe head of Christ is God” (cf. 1Cor. ” (cf. 1Cor. 15:28).15:28).

3. Submission Does not Hinder One’s Ministry3. Submission Does not Hinder One’s Ministry3. Submission Does not Hinder One’s Ministry3. Submission Does not Hinder One’s Ministry

Look at the Example of JesusLook at the Example of Jesus““Your attitude should be the same as that of Your attitude should be the same as that of

Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, consider equality with God something to be grasped, but made himself nothing, but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a taking the very nature of a servantservant,, being made in human likeness. And being being made in human likeness. And being found in appearance as a man,found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself he humbled himself and became obedient to deathand became obedient to death— even death on a — even death on a cross! cross! Therefore God exalted him to the highest Therefore God exalted him to the highest placeplace and gave him the name that is above every and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth...to bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth...to the glory of God the Father” (Phil. 2:5-11).the glory of God the Father” (Phil. 2:5-11).

Look at the Example of JesusLook at the Example of Jesus““Your attitude should be the same as that of Your attitude should be the same as that of

Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not Christ Jesus: Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, consider equality with God something to be grasped, but made himself nothing, but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a taking the very nature of a servantservant,, being made in human likeness. And being being made in human likeness. And being found in appearance as a man,found in appearance as a man, he humbled himself he humbled himself and became obedient to deathand became obedient to death— even death on a — even death on a cross! cross! Therefore God exalted him to the highest Therefore God exalted him to the highest placeplace and gave him the name that is above every and gave him the name that is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth...to bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth...to the glory of God the Father” (Phil. 2:5-11).the glory of God the Father” (Phil. 2:5-11).

4. Submission Does not Make Women Inferior 4. Submission Does not Make Women Inferior 4. Submission Does not Make Women Inferior 4. Submission Does not Make Women Inferior

If it did, then Christ would be inferior to God If it did, then Christ would be inferior to God in nature since in nature since He is always submissive to He is always submissive to the Fatherthe Father (1 Cor. 11:3; 15:28). (1 Cor. 11:3; 15:28).


4. Submission Does not Make Women Inferior 4. Submission Does not Make Women Inferior 4. Submission Does not Make Women Inferior 4. Submission Does not Make Women Inferior


Jesus said:Jesus said: “I can of my own self do “I can of my own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment is just; because is just; because I seek not mine own will, I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent but the will of the Father which hath sent me”me” (Jn. 5:30 cf. 8:28). (Jn. 5:30 cf. 8:28).


Jesus said:Jesus said: “I can of my own self do “I can of my own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment is just; because is just; because I seek not mine own will, I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent but the will of the Father which hath sent me”me” (Jn. 5:30 cf. 8:28). (Jn. 5:30 cf. 8:28).

C. Some Women with Great Ministries in the BibleC. Some Women with Great Ministries in the Bible

1. 1. MiriamMiriam (Ex. 15:20-21)–music ministry (Ex. 15:20-21)–music ministry

2. 2. DeborahDeborah (Jud. 4:4)–judicial ministry (Jud. 4:4)–judicial ministry

3. 3. Esther Esther (Esther 4:14)–national ministry (Esther 4:14)–national ministry

4. 4. HuldahHuldah (2Kgs 22:14)–prophetic ministry (2Kgs 22:14)–prophetic ministry

5. 5. Mary Mary (Luke 1:42)–salvation ministry (Luke 1:42)–salvation ministry

6. 6. JuniaJunia (Rom. 16:7)–apostolic ministry (Rom. 16:7)–apostolic ministry

7. 7. PhoebePhoebe (Rom. 16:1)–scriptural ministry (Rom. 16:1)–scriptural ministry

C. Some Women with Great Ministries in the BibleC. Some Women with Great Ministries in the Bible

1. 1. MiriamMiriam (Ex. 15:20-21)–music ministry (Ex. 15:20-21)–music ministry

2. 2. DeborahDeborah (Jud. 4:4)–judicial ministry (Jud. 4:4)–judicial ministry

3. 3. Esther Esther (Esther 4:14)–national ministry (Esther 4:14)–national ministry

4. 4. HuldahHuldah (2Kgs 22:14)–prophetic ministry (2Kgs 22:14)–prophetic ministry

5. 5. Mary Mary (Luke 1:42)–salvation ministry (Luke 1:42)–salvation ministry

6. 6. JuniaJunia (Rom. 16:7)–apostolic ministry (Rom. 16:7)–apostolic ministry

7. 7. PhoebePhoebe (Rom. 16:1)–scriptural ministry (Rom. 16:1)–scriptural ministry

D. Some Women with Great Ministries in D. Some Women with Great Ministries in Modern TimesModern Times

1. Susanna Wesley (19 children, including 1. Susanna Wesley (19 children, including John and Charles)John and Charles)2. Missionary Women (outnumber men 2. Missionary Women (outnumber men

nearly 3 to 2) nearly 3 to 2)3. Miss Johnson (Bible Study Fellowship)3. Miss Johnson (Bible Study Fellowship)4. Kay Arthur (Precept Ministries)4. Kay Arthur (Precept Ministries)5. Ann Graham Lotz (speaker, author) 5. Ann Graham Lotz (speaker, author) 6. Betty Elliott (missionary, author, speaker)6. Betty Elliott (missionary, author, speaker)7. Beverly LaHaye (Concerned Women)7. Beverly LaHaye (Concerned Women)

D. Some Women with Great Ministries in D. Some Women with Great Ministries in Modern TimesModern Times

1. Susanna Wesley (19 children, including 1. Susanna Wesley (19 children, including John and Charles)John and Charles)2. Missionary Women (outnumber men 2. Missionary Women (outnumber men

nearly 3 to 2) nearly 3 to 2)3. Miss Johnson (Bible Study Fellowship)3. Miss Johnson (Bible Study Fellowship)4. Kay Arthur (Precept Ministries)4. Kay Arthur (Precept Ministries)5. Ann Graham Lotz (speaker, author) 5. Ann Graham Lotz (speaker, author) 6. Betty Elliott (missionary, author, speaker)6. Betty Elliott (missionary, author, speaker)7. Beverly LaHaye (Concerned Women)7. Beverly LaHaye (Concerned Women)

You Can Have a Great MinistryYou Can Have a Great MinistryYou Can Have a Great MinistryYou Can Have a Great Ministry

E. Most Christian Women have Great E. Most Christian Women have Great Ministries Most of the TimeMinistries Most of the Time



E. Most Christian Women have Great E. Most Christian Women have Great Ministries Most of the TimeMinistries Most of the Time1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the world.”1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the world.”

E. Most Christian Women have Great E. Most Christian Women have Great Ministries Most of the TimeMinistries Most of the Time1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the world.”1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the world.”


E. Most Christian Women have Great E. Most Christian Women have Great Ministries Most of the TimeMinistries Most of the Time1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the world.”1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the world.”2. Most women do most of the teaching of little children 2. Most women do most of the teaching of little children

and young people (in their most formative years). and young people (in their most formative years).


and young people (in their most formative years). and young people (in their most formative years).



1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the 1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the world.”world.”

2. Most women do most of the teaching of 2. Most women do most of the teaching of little children and young people (in their little children and young people (in their most formative years). most formative years).

3. Behind every great man, there are three 3. Behind every great man, there are three great women:great women:


1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the 1. “The hand that rocks the cradle, rules the world.”world.”

2. Most women do most of the teaching of 2. Most women do most of the teaching of little children and young people (in their little children and young people (in their most formative years). most formative years).

3. Behind every great man, there are three 3. Behind every great man, there are three great women:great women:



and young people (in their most formative years). and young people (in their most formative years). 3. Behind every great man, there are three great women:3. Behind every great man, there are three great women:

a. A great mother to a. A great mother to train himtrain him in what to do. in what to do.



a. A great mother to a. A great mother to train himtrain him in what to do. in what to do.




a. A great mother to a. A great mother to train himtrain him in what to do. in what to do.b. A great wife to b. A great wife to tell himtell him what to do. what to do.



a. A great mother to a. A great mother to train himtrain him in what to do. in what to do.b. A great wife to b. A great wife to tell himtell him what to do. what to do.




a. A great mother to a. A great mother to train himtrain him in what to do. in what to do.b. A great wife to b. A great wife to tell himtell him what to do. what to do.b. A great secretary b. A great secretary to do itto do it for him! for him!



a. A great mother to a. A great mother to train himtrain him in what to do. in what to do.b. A great wife to b. A great wife to tell himtell him what to do. what to do.b. A great secretary b. A great secretary to do itto do it for him! for him!

You Can Have a Great MinistryYou Can Have a Great MinistryYou Can Have a Great MinistryYou Can Have a Great MinistryF. Women Who Ministered to MeF. Women Who Ministered to Me

1. Mrs. Costie (hospitality)1. Mrs. Costie (hospitality)

2. Mrs. Older & Hannah (jail ministry)2. Mrs. Older & Hannah (jail ministry)

3. Mrs. McCullum (youth sponsor)3. Mrs. McCullum (youth sponsor)

4. Mrs. Cate (mother-in-law)4. Mrs. Cate (mother-in-law)

5. Mrs. Geisler (wife)5. Mrs. Geisler (wife)

II thank God for the ministry of women!thank God for the ministry of women!

F. Women Who Ministered to MeF. Women Who Ministered to Me

1. Mrs. Costie (hospitality)1. Mrs. Costie (hospitality)

2. Mrs. Older & Hannah (jail ministry)2. Mrs. Older & Hannah (jail ministry)

3. Mrs. McCullum (youth sponsor)3. Mrs. McCullum (youth sponsor)

4. Mrs. Cate (mother-in-law)4. Mrs. Cate (mother-in-law)

5. Mrs. Geisler (wife)5. Mrs. Geisler (wife)

II thank God for the ministry of women!thank God for the ministry of women!

Answering the Tough QuestionsAnswering the Tough QuestionsAnswering the Tough QuestionsAnswering the Tough Questions1. Are Women equal to men in ministry?1. Are Women equal to men in ministry? YesYes

2. Should women minister in the public service?2. Should women minister in the public service? Yes. Yes.

3. Ought women to teach men?3. Ought women to teach men? Yes. Yes.

4. Can women be elders?4. Can women be elders? NoNo..

5. Should women be pastors? 5. Should women be pastors? NoNo (a pastor is an elder (a pastor is an elder

by office, and only men should be elders). by office, and only men should be elders).

6. Do women have shepherding gifts? 6. Do women have shepherding gifts? YesYes..

7. Should women lead in music ministries? 7. Should women lead in music ministries? Yes.Yes.

Conclusion:Conclusion: The The ministryministry of women is unlimited; the of women is unlimited; the authorityauthority of of women is not.women is not.

1. Are Women equal to men in ministry?1. Are Women equal to men in ministry? YesYes

2. Should women minister in the public service?2. Should women minister in the public service? Yes. Yes.

3. Ought women to teach men?3. Ought women to teach men? Yes. Yes.

4. Can women be elders?4. Can women be elders? NoNo..

5. Should women be pastors? 5. Should women be pastors? NoNo (a pastor is an elder (a pastor is an elder

by office, and only men should be elders). by office, and only men should be elders).

6. Do women have shepherding gifts? 6. Do women have shepherding gifts? YesYes..

7. Should women lead in music ministries? 7. Should women lead in music ministries? Yes.Yes.

Conclusion:Conclusion: The The ministryministry of women is unlimited; the of women is unlimited; the authorityauthority of of women is not.women is not.

A SummaryA SummaryA SummaryA Summary

I.I. Women are equal with men in Women are equal with men in naturenature, in , in redemptionredemption, and in , and in ministryministry; They differ ; They differ only in only in functionfunction. .

I.I. Women are equal with men in Women are equal with men in naturenature, in , in redemptionredemption, and in , and in ministryministry; They differ ; They differ only in only in functionfunction. .


I.I. Women are equal with men in Women are equal with men in naturenature, in , in redemptionredemption, and in , and in ministryministry; They differ ; They differ only in only in functionfunction. . II.II. In some functions In some functions women are superiorwomen are superior to to

men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing).


men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing).



men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). III.III. In other functions, viz., the family and the In other functions, viz., the family and the

church, women are to follow God-church, women are to follow God-ordained ordained male leadershipmale leadership..


men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). III.III. In other functions, viz., the family and the In other functions, viz., the family and the

church, women are to follow God-church, women are to follow God-ordained ordained male leadershipmale leadership..


I.I. Women are equal with men in Women are equal with men in naturenature, in , in redemptionredemption, , and in and in ministryministry; They differ ; They differ only in only in functionfunction. . II.II. In some functions In some functions women are superiorwomen are superior to to men men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). III.III. In other functions, viz., the family and the In other functions, viz., the family and the church, women are to follow God-church, women are to follow God- ordained ordained male leadershipmale leadership..

It is best to follow the King’s way. When we don’t, we It is best to follow the King’s way. When we don’t, we make a royal mess of things!make a royal mess of things!

I.I. Women are equal with men in Women are equal with men in naturenature, in , in redemptionredemption, , and in and in ministryministry; They differ ; They differ only in only in functionfunction. . II.II. In some functions In some functions women are superiorwomen are superior to to men men (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). (e. g., child-bearing and nurturing). III.III. In other functions, viz., the family and the In other functions, viz., the family and the church, women are to follow God-church, women are to follow God- ordained ordained male leadershipmale leadership..

It is best to follow the King’s way. When we don’t, we It is best to follow the King’s way. When we don’t, we make a royal mess of things!make a royal mess of things!

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The Role of Women in the Ministry Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2006.

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