346 THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS OF LONDON.

a principle that the post of medical officer to such institu-tions was not to be accepted unless with the consent of thelocal branch of the Medical Association. They had securedan increase amounting to 75 per cent. on the sum paid tomedical officers of these clubs previously to 1888. The asso-ciation had likewise established and maintained a minimumfor country practice, but then about 90 per cent. of the medical men in Norway belong to the association. Thiswas in itself a sufficient explanation of these remarkablesuccesses.

MEDICAL CHARLATANS.Dr. LASSALE then spoke about medical charlatans. It was

a mistake, he said, to believe that all charlatans were outsidethe profession and illegal practitioners. There were two meansof action-conscience and the law. Those who had a con-science had no need of the law; those who had no con-science must have the law.. The profession should

organise its own police which should warn the publicagainst the charlatans who were within the ranks of the pro-fession. He was in favour of discipline as well as of liberty.While they talked about liberty their difficulties and miseryincreased. Besides, if liberty was unnecessarily and vexa-tiously interfered with the profession could easily changethose whom it had placed in command.

Dr. BENEDICK (Vienna) said that he considered that theAustrian Medical Chambers had taken some false steps andhe was now fighting against some details of their policy.Nevertheless, he was very glad that these Chambers existed.Every institution had its good and its bad side. He was infavour of Medical Chambers possessing extensive powers.There would be abuses and conspiracies, intrigues, troubles,and quarrels; but all this could be cured by the vote ofthe members, and in any case the good would outbalancethe evil.Some discussion ensued as to the advisability of forming

an Order of Doctors, but the hour was too advanced to goseriously into this matter.

THE CONCLUDING SCENE.At about 5 o’clock the members from the other section

returned to the great amphitheatre of the Ecole de Medecineand the Congress, sitting as a whole, at once proceeded todiscuss where and when it should meet again. A proposalthat it should meet in the same town as that in which theInternational Medical Congress met was rejected on theground that the Congress should meet where the movementin favour of forming medical unions or syndicates had most.need of its presence. It was finally decided that the Con-gress would meet in three years’ time in Belgium. Then a

great deal was said about an international committee whichshould meet and try to draw up a deontological code. Beyonda general feeling that this ought to be done, that the com-mittee which had organized the congress, and Dr. Vandamwho had made the proposal, should help in the work, nothingvery decisive was voted. No names were proposed of membersto constitute this committee, and the ma,tter at presentassumes merely the character of a pious wish. Neverthe-less, it is probable that something will be done and a projectpresented to the next Congress.A number of resolutions carried in the sectional meetings

were read out. Some met with approval, others werereferred to the French National Congress as being of toolocal a character, and then Dr. LEREBOULLET rose to closethe Congress. He spoke with feeling of the gratitude thatwas due to all who had so efficiently helped this first andmost difficult step towards the international organisation ofthe medical profession for the purpose of defending itsethical principles and economic interests. With deepemotion he declared himself convinced that a great andgood work had been accomplished.

Dr. VANDAM moved a vote of thanks from the Congressto its President, Dr. Lereboullet, to the secretary, Dr. JulesGlover, and to all the other French organisers, which wascordially awarded.With cheers and many friendly salutations and expressions

of mutual goodwill the members of the Congress dispersed.Paris, July 30th.

VACCINATION EXPENDITURE.-At the meeting ofthe Falmouth Board of Guardians, held on July 26th, it wasreported that the vaccination fees during 1898 and 1899amounted to £17 and f:.26 respectively For the first sixmonths of 1900 the fees amounted to £255.

THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANSOF LONDON.

AN ordinary Comitia was held on July 26th, Dr. W. S,

CHURCH, the President, being in the chair.The PRESIDENT announced that the Bradshawe Lecture

would be delivered on Nov. 6th by Dr. Archibald Garrod onThe Urinary Pigments and their Pathological Aspects."

Dr. Gee, Sir R. Douglas Powell, and Dr. F. Andreweswere nominated to adjudicate on the Weber-Parkes Prizefor 1901.The following gentlemen having passed the required

examination were admitted Members of the College;Alexander Gunn Auld, M.D. Glasg., Noel Dean Bardswell,M.D. Edin., L.R.C.P., Arthur John Cleveland, M.D.Lond.,L.R.C.P., Henri Dardenne, M.D. Edin., Francis WoodcockGoodbody, M.D. Dub., Francis Henry Hawkins, M.D. Edin.,Thomas David Lister, M.D. Lond., L.R.C.P., WilfridBrougham Warde, M.D. Lond., L.R.C.P., Thomas RowlandCharles Whipham, M.A., M.B.Oxon., L.R.C.P., and OliverKey Williamson, M.A., M.B. Camb., L.R.C.P.Communications were received (1) from the Secretary of

the Royal College of Surgeons of England; (2) from theDirector-General, Medical Department of the Navy, on theregistration of volunteers for emergency service as surgeonsin the Royal Navy ; and (3) from the Vice-Chancellor of theUniversity of London, requesting the College to elect twoFellows to be Members of the Senate of the University.Dr. P. H. Pye-Smith and Dr. W. H. Allchin were electedSenators.

’ On the proposal of Dr. NORMAN MOORE, seconded bythe REGISTRAR, the following motion was carried byacclamation :-That a vote of thanks and the sum of 100 guineas be given to Dr.

Allchin as an acknowledgment of his services during several years andon numerous occasions as secretary to the University Committee, asrepresentative of the College before the Royal Commissioners and thePrime Minister, and in many other ways in relation to the reconstruc- tion of the University of London.

On the recommendation of the committee of managementthe following institutions were added to the list of institu.tions recognised by the Examining Board in England: (a)For instruction in chemistry, physics, and practicalchemistry, the Municipal Technical School, Halifax, and theModern School, Bedford ; (b) for instruction in chemistry,physics, practical chemistry, and biology, the TechnicalCollege, Huddersfield, and the Municipal Technical College,Derby.

Reports were received from the representative of the

College on the General Medical Council, from the FeverHospitals Committee, from the Finance Committee, from theLibrary Committee, and from the curators of the museum.By-law 103, as amended to make it conformable to the con-joint regulations, was re-enacted a second time.The Moxon medal was awarded to Sir William Tennant

Gairdner, K.C.B., F.R.S., M.D. Edin., Emeritus Professor ofMedicine in the University of Glasgow, as having pre-eminently distinguished himself by observation and researchin clinical medicine.The adjudicators of the Weber-Parkes prize reported that

they had been unable to award the prize as no essay ofsufficient merit had been presented.The following were appointed censors and examiners for

the ensuing year. Censors : -William Cayley, M.D. Lond.;Charles Theodore Williams, M.D..Oxon. ; Sir Dyce Duck-worth, M.D. Edin. ; and Thomas Henry Green, M.D. Lond.Examiners :-Chemistry and Chemical Physics : Percy

: Faraday Frankland, Ph.D., F.R.S. ; Frederick Daniel Cbat-taway, Ph.D., D.Sc. ; Arthur Pillans Laurie, D.Sc.; HenryWilson Hake, Ph D. ; and Henry Foster Morley, D.Sc., F.C.S.Materia Medica and Pharmacy: Francis Warner, M.D.Lond.,William Carter, M.D. Lond., Hector William Gavin Mackenzie,M.D. Edin., Edwin Cooper Perry, M.D. Cantab., and JamesCalvert, M.D. Lond. Physiology: Marcus Seymour Pem-

: brey, M.D. Oxon., John Sydney Edkins, M.B. Cantab., andRobert Arthur Young, M.D. Lond. Anatomy: George

f Robertson Turner, F.R.C.S. Eng., L.R.C.P. Lond., and AlfredWilliam Hughes, M.B. Edin., F.R.C.S. Eng. and Edin.3Medical Anatomy and Principles and Practice of Medicine:: Joseph Frank Payne, M.D.Oxon., Sir Thomas Lauder

Brunton, M.D, Edin., Thomas Barlow, M.D.Lond., France

347FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE MEDICAL PRESS.

de Havilland Hall, M.D.Lond., Herbert Isambard Owen,M.D. Cantab., Percy Kidd, M.D. Oxon., John Abercrombie,M.D. Cantab., Nestor 1. C. Tirard, M.D. Lond., DonaldMacAlister, M.D.Cantab., and William Hale White, M.D.Lond. Midwifery and Diseases peculiar to Women : CharlesJames Culling worth, M.D.Durh., John Phillips, M.D.

Cantab., Amand J. McConnel Routh, M.D. Lond., C.

Montagu Handfield.Jones, M.D. Lond., and Robert BoxaU,M.D Cantah Public Health : Part I., James Lane Notter,M.O. Dub. ; Part II., William Henry Corfield, M, D. Oxon.Professor Clifford Allbutt, Regius Professor of Physic at

Cambridge, will deliver the Harveian Oration on Oct. 18th(St. Luke’s Day). Dr. Henry Head has been appointedthe Goulstonian Lecturer, Dr. J. F. Payne the LumleianLecturer, and Dr. W. D. Halliburton the Croonian Lecturerfor 1901, and Dr. J. W. Washbourn the Croonian Lecturerfor 1902.

_____________

THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSOF THE MEDICAL PRESS HELD

AT PARIS, JULY, 1900.(FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.)

THE OPENING CEREMONIES.ON Thursday afternoon, July 26th, the inaugural ceremony

of this Congress was held at the Press Pavilion on theexhibition grounds. Detained at the International Congressof Deontology I could not be present, but from what I heardfrom those who attended and from papers remitted to me Iam able to give some account of the proceedings. It appearsthat there was -quite a demonstration when ProfessorVirchow of Berlin arrived. Everyone rose and sought tomanifest his respect for the eminent German qavant.Professor CORNIL opened the proceedings. He welcomed

Professor Virchow who for 60 years had grouped in hisArchives the writings of the most learned Germans. InFrance also the medical press had grown and could nowboast of some 30,000 readers. It reflected medical life andshould help to teach medical men what were their duties andwhat were their rights. Modern progress had been achievedby two scientific revolutions, first the pathological conceptionof the cellules, and secondly the Pasteur doctrines. Themedical press had largely contributed to spread these newteachings.M. MILLERAND, Minister of Commerce, who had entered

while Professor Cornil was speaking, now rose and claimedthat he also had been a member of the press and woulddoubtless return to journalism when his Ministerial careerwas at an end. If to-day they had scientific journalism asdistinct from ordinary journalism, this was due to thenatural economic evolution which classified and sub-dividedlabour. Besides many of the questions to be discussedinterested the entire press, such as, for instance, thedivision between legitimate publicity and that form of

publicity which tended to degrade the journalistic profession.It would be a great honour for the Congress should it beable to deal with such delicate matters. He concluded in

welcoming all the foreign delegates and especially ProfessorVirchow.Professor LANDOUZY recalled the fact that the first news-

paper published in France was founded by a medical manand that Renaudot’s Journal sometimes dealt with medicalmatters. The press, he said, was the most universal ofuniversities and it would be the mission of the medical pressto aid the Government to solve all matters affecting theinterests of the profession.Professor VIRCHOW congratulated the Association of the

French Medical Press on having taken the initiative inorganising an international congress of the medical press.He was happy to think that the creation of an internationalassociation might result from the Congress and thought thatit was quite right for the medical press to meet apart fromthe Medical Congress.After the election of the officers for the Congress all the

members went by a special steamer to the Hotel de Ville,where they were received by M. Grebauva.1, President ofthe Paris Municipal Council, and by M. Lepine, Prefect ofthe Police.

Professor CORNIL introduced the delegates and pointed out

the importance of the medical press, as there were nowactually 300 medical papers published in France. It is to be

hoped that on this occasion Professor Cornil omitted to men-tion that the medical press had 30,000 readers, for as thiswould mean an average of only 100 readers per journal itdoes not say much for at least some of these publications.Professor Cornil was more happy when he described the

practical services of the medical press and how Berlin owedits sewers and its sewage:farms to the active press propagandaled by Professor Virchow.Both M. GRÉBAUVAL and M. LÉPINE made suitable replies

and then led the delegates to a well-supplied buffet.

NEWSPAPER PUFFS.

The Congress began business on Friday morning in thegreat amphitheatre of the Ecole Pratique at the Faculty ofMedicine. Professor CORNIL was in the chair. The Govern-ment delegates of the foreign medical press were first calledupon to speak, and Dr. MENDIZABAL, of the Gaceta Medicaof Mexico ; Dr. GALLET, in the name of the Belgian medicalpress; Dr. DIAKONOW, for the Russian medical press ; Pro-fessor BRossi for Italian journals ; Dr. HANSSON for theNorwegians ; Dr. EHLERS for the Danes ; and Dr. POSNER forthe German medical journals, all made short congratulatoryspeeches.

Dr. MARCEL BAUDOUIN then described his system oftabulating and registering all scientific publications in amanner that greatly facilitated researches. This was

followed by a discussion on the sort of advertisements thatmight be published in a medical paper. The great questionrelated to what is known in France as a rgelame, a termwhich may be generally taken to mean a puff. Of course, itis easy in discussing to confuse the issue. Notices andcriticisms even when favourable to an article which has acommercial value may be quite legitimate. What is illegiti-mate is that such notices should be paid for as if they wereadvertisements. Dr. POSNER protested that such réclameswere unknown in Germany.

In France, to make matters worse, papers redolent withréclames were now being distributed gratuitously to themembers of the profession.A report on Gratuitous Medical Journals by Dr. LABORDE

and Dr. ROMME was read in which they urged that adver-tisements must be relegated to a special distinct part of the

paper and not inserted in all directions., The discussion was adjourned till the next day.’, Dr. BLONDEL urged that medical papers should not

publish advertisements of drugs if these were likewise adver-tised in the general political press.

After discussing without coming to any particular de-cision the question of newspaper exchanges Dr. DE MAURANSread a paper urging that efforts should be made to adopt aunique international classification for scientific terms. Themorning sitting was terminated by Dr. DOYEN who repro-duced by a kinematograph several operations which he hadperformed. This exhibition excited much interest and

admiration ; its practical utility, especially for students, washighly appreciated.At the afternoon sitting Professor C. RICHET spoke on the

necessity of decimal classification of periodic journals. Inthe 16 volumes of the Index Catalogue, which dates back20 years, there were already 1,097,535 separate titles ofarticles. The decimal system consists of placing in nineseparate categories all phases of human knowledge. Each ofthese would be subdivided into another nine.

This was followed by the reading of a paper on theQuestion of Copyright by M. POUILLET, M. ROCHER, andDr. DE MAURANS.

After a few words of discussion Dr. MARCEL BAUDOUINfollowed with his paper on the Property of the Idea. A

summary of both these papers was published in THE LANCETof July 21st last and therefore 1 need not refer to themagain. As a result of the discussion that followed on thereading of these papers the Congress adopted a resolution tothe effect that Article 7 of the Literary Convention of Berneshould apply to the medical press. As for the property ofthe idea, after some discussion this complex question wasreferred to future congresses. After another and longdiscussion on the copyright of newspaper articles, a

resolution was carried to the effect that newspaperarticles, criticisms, &c., should not be quoted withoutmentioning the name of the author and the publication.With regard to the reproduction of lectures delivered beforelearned societies the general custom was to ask the professor