The Sanskrit Roots of English

8/11/2019 The Sanskrit Roots of English

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SANSKRIT ROOTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

A-, An-:

not, without; < Skt. prefix (or upsarga) a- (as in a-spasht, unclear,a-

drishya, invisible, that which cannot be seen) and an- ( as in an-achar,

misbehavior,an-ant, endless, that which has no end, an-abhyas,without

practice) Derivatives: a-cephalous; a-cheira, a-chira; a-chondroplasia;a-gnostic, a-gnosia; a-gonic; a-graphia; a-mnesia; a-mnesty; a-moral; a-morphous; an-aerobe; an-algesic; an-alphabetic; an-archy; an-arthria;an-emia; an-esthesia; an-hidrosis; an-hydrous; an-ion; an-odyne; an-onym, an-onymous; an-ura; a-pathy; a-phagia; a-phasia, a-phasic;

a-pnea; a-rgon; a-sbestos; a-sphyxia; a-sternal; a-stigmatism; a-sylum;a-syndeton; a-theist; a-tom; a-trophy. But Not - amoeba; ascetic;asparagus; astronomy; athlete; Anabaptist; anachronism; anagram.

in- as in in-cessant and un- as in un-developed cognate with a , an

aand anseen in greek and inand unseen in latin and both gk and latin

have taken from skt. aor anasthenia. deuteranopia; hemianopia; protanopia; tritanopia, anisais alpha privative; analphabetic, alphabet, hybrid

Abdomen:

Ab-do-men, do


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Acorn:

< Skt. aj, to drive, L. ag-ere, Gm. ag

Acqua:

Water, < Skt. aapas in Punjab(panch-aap: the land of fiverivers), Tal-aabetc.

Acre:

< Skt.Ajra, Gm. acker, Lt. ager, Grk.Agros; Skt. aj, to drive, L. ag-ere,Gm. ag

Act:

process of doing, performing; result of that process.< Skt aj, to drive;

[ME.,


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to put into motion; to move to action.< Skt aj, to drive; [ML actuare , ppactuatus ,


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Skt. aj, to drive, L. ag-ere, Gm. ag

Aid:< skt. Yu mng. to drive away, preserve


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Animadvert:

Anim-ad-vert, an-adhi-vrit, L. animadvertere, < animusmind +advertere to turn; < Skt. an, to breathe; L. animus,spirit; Goth. Us-anan, to breathe out, expire; Skt. Prefix adhi-, above, additional, upon;

Skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn; Goth.Wairth-an, to become. Gm.Wert, werth. Animadvert means criticize or

censure, i.e. conscious(an) process of strongly(adhi) going against(turning to the opposite direction, vrit)

Animosity:

< Skt. an, to breathe; L. animus,spirit; Goth. Us-anan, to breathe out,expire.

Antidote:anti-dote

medicine given to combat specific poison.


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Art:

< Skt.Ar-as,spoke of a wheel; L. ar-mus, ar-tus,a limb; ar-ma, arms, ar-

s, art; Goth. ar-ms, an arm; Gm. ar, to fit

Article:

< Skt.Ar-as,spoke of a wheel; L. ar-mus, ar-tus,a limb; ar-ma, arms, ar-s, art; Goth. ar-ms, an arm; Gm. ar, to fit

Asbestos

non-flammable material. A-< Skt. prefix (or upsarga) a-, not, without;

see a, an. [ME. asbestus,


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Author:

< Skt. Ug-ra(s),very strong, oj-as, strength; L. aug-ere, to increase; Goth.

auk-an, to eke; L. aux-ilium, help.

Auxiliary:< Skt. Ug-ra(s),very strong, oj-as, strength; L. aug-ere, to increase; Goth.

auk-an, to eke; L. aux-ilium, help.

Averse

< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn; Goth.Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Avert

< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn; Goth.

Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Avouch

vach

Awl:

tool for pricking, < Skt. aara, Dutch aal, Gm. ahle, Lith. yla (rvd 131)

Axiom


Axis:


Bait:

< Skt. bhid, to cleave; L.findere; Gm. bheid

Bald:

< Skt. bhal-am, luster; Lith. bal-ti,to be white

Bald-faced:< Skt. bhal-am, luster; Lith. bal-ti,to be white

Bale-fire:

< Skt. bhal-am, luster; Lith. bal-ti,to be white

Ball


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< Skt. balbaliti

Band

< Skt. bandh

Bear (animal):


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Bottom:

< Skt. budhn, Dutch bodem, Gm. boden, L.fundus, Gk.puthmen. (rvd131)

Brother

< Skt. bhratar, /bhr, one who supports

Bucephalus was the name of the famous steed of Alexander the Great (C4 BC). cephal


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cephalomenia; cephalometer; cephalone; cephalopathy; cephalopod;cephalotomy; cephalotribe; acephalous; acrocephaly, acrocephalous;

brachiocephalic; brachycephalic; cynocephalous; dolichocephalic;dorsocephalad; encephalitis, encephalon; eurycephalic;gnathocephalous; hydrocephalous; leptocephalia, leptocephalic,

leptocephalus; macrocephalous, macrocephaly; megacephalic;microcephalic; orthocephalic; oxycephalic (MI); procephalic;schistocephalus; tectocephaly.

cephalad

(adv) to or toward the head. cephal


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cephalopod

mollusk (as a squid, cuttlefish, octopus) that has a tubular siphon underthe head, arms around the front of the head, big eyes, and fluid that can

be ejected for defense. cephal


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Committee

comm-i-ttee, < Skt. sam-i-ti

Complete:

Com-ple-te, sam-pur-ta, Skt. Sam,with, together, completely; Skt. pur,to fill as inpurna, Skt.ta, kritanta suffix as in gata.

condone: con-do-ne

to forgive, overlook; to cause the condonation of. do- < Skt. da,to give,grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart; [L condonare -- con /, intensive, +donare, to give up, remit, forgive]. condonation.

Conjugal:

con-jug-alrelationship between husband and wife; < skt. Yuj, to join, connect,

meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join;L.jung-ere, to join,jug-

um, a yoke, con-iux, a spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon,

yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, a bond

Conjugate:con-jug-at-e, to marry

< skt. Yuj, to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to

join;L.jung-ere, to join,jug-um, a yoke, con-iux, a spouse, iux-ta(-), near;AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, a bond

Conjugation:yujcon-jug-a-t-ion

Conjunct:yuj

Conjunction:yuj

Conjunctiva:yujcon-junct-ivathe mucous membrane that lines the eyelid; see junction

Conjunctive:yujcon-junct-ive

Conjunctivitis:yuj


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Conjunctivoplasty:yujremoval of part of the cornea

Construct:

con-stru-ct-stru- < skt. /star

Convertcon-vert,< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn;Goth. Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Corundum:

< Skt. kuruvinda (rvd 131)

Cup

< kapaal in skt., kopf in gm., (drink in the skull of the enemy)

Data:

(pl) factual information.


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fact or proposition used for a conclusion or decision. dhanada giver of money, toyada giver

of water (clouds). The Gk. verb is didonai, 'to give'. The relevant L verbs

are: dare, 'to give', (do, 'I give'), with its derivatives donum, 'a gift,

giving'; donare, 'to make a gift', pp. donatus. Derivatives: data; date(time); dative; die; donatary, donate, donation, donative, donator,donatory; dosage, dose; addition, additional, additionally, additive;antedate; antidote; command; commend, commendable,commendation, commendator, commendatory; condone; countermand;

edit, edition, mandate, mandative, mandatory, mandatum; mandamus(writ); pardon, pardonable; perdition; rendezvous; render, rendition;rent, rental; recommend; remand; sacerdotal; surrender; tradition,traditional, traditionalist; traitor. But Not - date (fruit); edituate; trait &traitor.

Dec, Deca:

dec/ - decim/ - deca/ - deka/ - ten. [L decimus , L decem , Gk deka ]. [Gk deka , ten; akin to L decem , ten; used mostly in the metric system].

dec/i - tenth,


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act of rendering; musical or dramatic interpretation. < Skt. da,to give,grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart; [Obs F,


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rental re-n-t-al

< Skt. da,to give, grant, bestow, offer, yield, impart; is adopted < AN, Gk. hypo; (y in hypo is greek u, Skt. u; cf. Cyrus, Skt. kuru, thename of an ancient Persian king. In Chemistry hypo- indicates a lowerstate of oxidation or low position in a series of compounds; comparehypo-bromite from up-durita.

Immortal:

Im-mortal, see mortal

inactive - 'not doing'. inaction.ajinaction, ajinactive; aj

Injunction:

in-junct-ionthe act of enjoining; a command; act of imposing. see junction

Injunctive:in-junct-ive, see junction

Inspect:see spec

Inspector:

Invert:


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in-vert,< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn;Goth. Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Invest:In-vest,< skt. Vas, to clothe. L. ues-tis, clothing garment; Goth. Was-jan,

to clothe; AS. Wer-ian, to wear clothes

Investigate:

Ion:

< Skt. ayan, < i, to go, Gk. ion, < ienai to go. (rvd 131)

Iron:

< Skt. ayas, L.aes, Goth. ais, OG. er, Modern Gm.Eisen, Eng. Iron.

Is:


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Joint

< Skt. yuj, see Yeug

Jointer


Jointly


Jointure


Jostle:

knock someone for space, to be close to, crowded together;< skt. Yuj, to

join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join;L.jung-ere,to join,jug-um, a yoke, con-iux, a spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke;

Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, a bond

Joust:

to fight with a lance while riding a horse as a sport or compete for power,to compete personally(closely)< skt. Yuj, to join, connect, meet, link as in

yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join;L.jung-ere, to join,jug-um, a yoke, con-

iux, a spouse, jux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun,

to join, zeugma, a bondJugate:

jug-ate

having parts joined or arranged in pairs; Skt. yuj, see jugular, yeug

Jugular:

veins carrying blood < head to heart. something that joins two things likea yoke, , does not have nunlike junction, directly< Latin. < skt. Yuj, to

join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to join;L.jung-ere,

to join,jug-um, a yoke, con-iux, a spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke;

Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, a bond

Jugum:

yokelike join in insects keeping the forewings and hindwings together inflight

Juice:< skt. Yu mng. to bind, to fasten, join, mix


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Junction:

< skt. Yuj, to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm. yeug, to

join;L.jung-ere, to join,jug-um, a yoke, con-iux, a spouse, iux-ta(-), near;

AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, a bond; n is a

verbal infix

Junta:

L. juncta, < skt. Yuj, to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm.

yeug, to join;L.jung-ere, to join,jug-um, a yoke, con-iux, a spouse, iux-

ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, a

bond

Jupiter:

ju-piter, dyau-pitra in skt., dyau mng. sky and pitra mng. father

Juxtapose

juxt-a-pose< Skt. yuj, see Yeug

Juxtaposition

juxt-a-pos-i-tion, yuj

< Skt.yuj,

see Yeug

leptocephalus

1. individual having an abnormally elongated, narrow skull. 2. long, thin,small-headed larva (MI) of various eels. cephal


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< Skt. matri-shaat, killing of a mother

Mega:

< Skt. maha,

Meso-:


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Militia

Militiaman

Millipede

Milli-pede, L. Mille-pes, Skt. mil-pada

Milli-

Millibar

Milligram

Milliliter

Millimeter

Million

Millionaire

Mortal:

< Skt. mri, as in mrityuin Hindi

Mortality:see mortal

Moscow:

moss-acqua, see acqua

Mother:

< Skt. matri

Mouse:

< Skt. mush

Mug:

an attack, < Skt. magha

Myth:

< Skt. mithya


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Naval:Skt. /Nabhas, Gm. Nabel

navigate; skt aj

Night:< Skt. naktam

Nineennea/; noni/, no$/ - ninth, nine, e$ery ninth. [Gk ennea , L no$em , nine]. %ore &nfo ennead - group of nine. nona !hora # - late stage in the life of the patient. nonagenarian - person 'hose age is in the nineties.

[L nonagenarius , containg ninety, from nonageni , ninety each, from nonaginta , ninety, from nona / !akin to no$em , nine# ( /ginta ,

!akin to $iginti , t'enty#. no$ena, )o$emer.

Oast-house:

Skt. Indh, to kindle; edh-as, fuel; L. aed-es, orig. a hearth, aestus, heat;AS. Ad, a funeral pile, ast, a kiln.

Octa


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Ortho-:


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Orthodox

ortho-dox, urdhva-right opinion conforming to established doctrine.[ME orthodoxe,


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ortho-pho-r-ia, urdva-bhu-parallelism of visual axes,the normal muscle balance see ortho, pho.

Orthophrenianormal mental state in social relations.

Orthopnea

ortho- , urdhvainability to breathe except when upright.

Orthoptera

ortho- , urdhvaorder of insects which have straight, narrow forewings (Cockroaches,Crickets, Grasshoppers).

Orthoptics ortho- , urdhvascience of correcting defects in binocular vision resulting from defects inoptic musculature.Or: technique of eye exercises for correcting faulty eyecoordination affecting binocular vision.

Orthosis

ortho-si-s, urdhva-ti-:(visarga)straightening or correction of a deformity.

Orthotropous

ortho- , urdhvaBotany: growing straight (of an ovule).

Orthuria

orth-ur-ia, urdhva-

normal frequency of urination.

Pecuniary:Grk.pecus< Skt.pashu, in old days more the animals possessed richerthe person would be.

-Ped-:


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about, concerning', and sometimes the E prefix is used as a mereintensive. perimeter, periphery, periscope, pericranium, period.Derivatives: pericarditis; pericardium; pericarp; pericranium; perigee;perimeter, perimetrical; perineal, perineum; perinephric; period;periodontics, periodontal, periodontitis; periosteum; peripatetic;

peripatetic; peripheral, periphery; periphrasis; periscope, periscopic;perisperm; peristalsis, peristaltic; peristyle; Perithecium; peritrichous;peritoneum. But Not - periwig, periwinkle.

Pericide:

pitar-shaat, see father and cide

Perimeter

Math: closed curve around a plane area, or the length of such; outer

limits of an area. peri< Skt. prefix (upsarga)pari; round, about, fully; [ME

perimetre,


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peristyle ,


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Purge;


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Red:

rakt in skt., rot in gm.

redact,

redaction,redactor;retroactive;

Regency:

Regime:

reg-i-me, reg is < Skt. rajanmeaning a king

Regicide:

reg-i-cide, < Skt. rajan-shaat

Rejoin:

to reunite, < skt. Yuj, to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm.


ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, abond

Rejoinder:re-join-dersee rejoin

Remand:

re-m-an-d;


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Respect:

re-spec-t, see spec

-S:

Apostrophe s< Skt. sya, this is the sixth vibhakti, Skt. Balakasya, Eng.

Boys, of a boy etc.

Saccharo-:

< Skt. sharkara; Med. L.saccharum; L.saccharon, < Gk.sakcharon,

which is < Palisakharaa, < Skt.sharkara. Indian granulated sugar

sharkara,traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speechin India. English sugar and allied European words are < Med. Latinsuccarum (alsozugurum), < Arabic,sukkar, < Persianshakar, < Prakrit

sakharaa, < Skt.sharkara (rvd 131)

Sacchar-:< Skt. sharkara; Med. L.saccharum; L.saccharon, < Gk.sakcharon,


sharkara,traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speechin India. English sugar and allied European words are < Med. Latin

succarum (alsozugurum), < Arabic,sukkar, < Persianshakar, < Prakrit


Saccharate:


which is < Palisakharaa, < Skt.sharkara. Indian granulated sugarsharkara,traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speechin India. English sugar and allied European words are < Med. Latin



Saccharic:



sharkara,traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speech

in India. English sugar and allied European words are < Med. Latinsuccarum (alsozugurum), < Arabic,sukkar, < Persianshakar, < Prakrit


Saccharide:





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in India. English sugar and allied European words are < Med. Latinsuccarum (alsozugurum), < Arabic,sukkar, < Persianshakar, < Prakrit


Saccharin:

< Skt. sharkara; Med. L.saccharum; L.saccharon, < Gk.sakcharon,which is < Palisakharaa, < Skt.sharkara. Indian granulated sugar



Saccharoid:



sharkara,traveled to the West in days when Pali was the popular speechin India. English sugar and allied European words are < Med. Latin



Saccharonate:




in India. English sugar and allied European words are < Med. Latin

succarum (alsozugurum), < Arabic,sukkar, < Persianshakar, < Prakritsakharaa, < Skt.sharkara (rvd 131)

Saccharonic:





Saccharose:






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Sandal:

Arabic and English sandal are corruptions of Sanskrit chandan

Sapphire: 136 rvd


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< Skt. spash, to see

Spectrum:

< Skt. spash,to see

Spectacle:< Skt. spash,to see

Spectacular:

< Skt. spash,to see

Spy:

< Skt. spash,to see

Stampede:

Stha or stham + pada

State:

sta-te, stha-ti, < Skt. stha, to stay

Statement:

sta-te-ment, < Skt. stha,to stay

Static:< Skt. stha, to stay

Statistics:sta-tis-tic-s, < Skt. stha, to stay

Stand:

sta-nd, < Skt. stha, to stay

Stamina:

< Skt. stham

Stentorian:

Skt. stanayitnu

Stratagem


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-ic: signifies pertaining to. It is the same as common Skt. adjectival

suffix ic,which occurs, as in Skt. laukika pertaining to lokworld. Eng.

Sulphuric corresponds to Skt. shulbaric.

-ide

-idine

-in

-ite:


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Sweater:

< Skt. Swidra

Synagogue:


Syzygy:Straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies in a gravitationalsystem.< skt. Yuj mng. to join, connect

Ten:

Fr. dix,Gm. zehn, Lt. decem, Grk. deka< Skt. dasa

Term:

Skt. tarman

-Theque:

in Persian dani< Skt. dhanias in machchardani

Three:

trayaha

Time:

ti-me < ti in skt mng. measure, as in tithi. me < skt as in dha-r-ma, ma-r-

ma, cha-r-ma(skin)

Tradition:tra-dit-ion

passing down of culture through generation to generation.


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< skt. vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn; Goth.Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Vessel:

that which contains. < Skt. vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-

tu, a house, vas-ati, a dwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household,uer-na, a home born slave.

Vest:

< Skt. vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house, vas-ati, adwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household,uer-na, a home bornslave.

Vested interest:

< Skt. vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house, vas-ati, a

dwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household,uer-na, a home bornslave.

Vesta:


Vestal:

< Skt. vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house, vas-ati, a

dwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household,uer-na, a home bornslave.

Vestibule:


Vestige:


Vestigial:



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Weird:

< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn; Goth.Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Were:

< Skt. Vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house, vas-ati, adwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household, uer-na, a home born

slave.

Wert

< Skt. Vas, to dwell, to pass the night, to live, vas-tu, a house, vas-ati, adwelling place; L. vest-a, goddess of the household, uer-na, a home bornslave.

Widow

< Skt. Vidhva, vidh, vindh mng. to lack, be in want of. Gm.Widh mngto lack.

Widower

< Skt. Vidhur

Worth< skt. Vrit, to turn, turn oneself, exist, be; L. uert-ere, to turn; Goth.

Wairth-an, to become. Gm. Wert, werth

Yeast

< gm. Yesmng. to ferment. Skt. Yas, to exert oneself, skt. yesh to seethe,bubble

Yesterday

yes-ter-day, skt. Hyaha (hyas-tar-divas),Fr. hier

Yeug:To join, to yoke together;< Skt. yuj, to join, link, connect, relate, as inyoga. Derivatives include yoke, jugular, adjust, junta,jugular, conjugate,

subjugate(directly < Latin iugum,yoke); zygo- zygoma, zygote,zygous;

azygous, syzygy(directly < Greek zugon,yoke, and zugoun,to join);jostle,

joust; adjust,juxtapose,juxtaposition(< Latin, iux-ta(-),close by);join,joinder,joint,jointure,junction,juncture,junta; adjoin, conjoin,
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conjugal, conjunct, enjoin, injunction, rejoin, rejoinder, subjoin(< Latiniungere,to join; here n is a verbal infix); Greek zeugma,a bond.

Yoke

something which connects two things or people in a way that unfairly

limits freedom.< skt. Yujmng. to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga,union; Gm. yeug, to join;L.jung-ere, to join,jug-um, a yoke, con-iux, a

spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join,

zeugma, a bond; see Yeug

you vous from skt. yuyam??

Zygodactyl:

with two toes pointing forward, two backward, (as certain climbing

birds); < skt. Yuj, to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm.

yeug, to join;L.jung-ere, to join,jug-um, a yoke, con-iux, a spouse, iux-ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, a

bond; see Yeug.

Zygote:

cell formed by union of two gametes, as a fertilized ovum beforecleavage;< Skt. Yuj, to join, connect, meet, link as in yoga, union; Gm.


ta(-), near; AS. geoc, a yoke; Gk. zugon, yoke, zugoun, to join, zeugma, abond

Zymotic

relating to or causing fermentation.< skt. /yumng. to bind, fasten, join,mix.

Sktmaghav:

/megaly great; large; enlargement.one million.

Gk megas , megal / greatmegacephalic; megacycle; megadontia;megaencephaly; megahert; megalgia;

megalith; megalecithal; megalocardia;megalocyte; megaloglossia; megalomania;megohm; megaphone; megaphyllous.

acromegaly; angiomegaly; cardiomegaly;
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chiromegaly; dactylomegaly; gastromegaly;hepatomegaly; splenomegaly; $isceromegaly.

%ore &nfo - megohm; macr/o.

7elected >tymologies?

megacephalic - ha$ing an unusually large head.

megacycle - million of cycles of alternating current or 'a$es. megahert.

megadontia - ha$ing $ery large teeth.

megalencephaly - anormally large rain,

usually 'ith mental deficiency.

megalgia - $ery se$ere, or hypersensiti$ity to, pain.

megahert - one million cycles per second. megacycle.

megalith - $ery large, rough stone used as monuments in construction, especially of ancient toms.

megalocyte - larger than a$erage red corpuscle.

megaloglossia - enlargement of the tongue.

megalomania - psychosis characteried y delusions of grandeur. macromania.

megaphone - cone-shaped de$ice to magnify the $oice.

megaphyllous - ha$ing $ery large lea$es.

megalecithal - !egg# 'hich has a lot of yolk. [Gk lekithos , egg yolk].

megalocardia - cardiac enlargement. 7yn? cardiomegaly.

To join.Derivatives include yoke, jugular, adjust, junta,and yoga.

I.Zero-grade form *yug-.1.Suffixed form *yug-o-.a.yoke, < Old

English geoc,yoke, < Germanic *yukam;b.jugate,jugular,jugum;
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conjugate, subjugate, < Latin iugum,yoke; c.zygo- zygoma, zygote,

zygous; azygous, syzygy, < Greek zugon,yoke, and zugoun,to join; d.

Yuga, < Sanskrit yugam,yoke. 2.Suffixed (superlative) form *yug-isto-.

jostle,joust; adjust,juxtapose,juxtaposition, < Latin i xt ,close by,

perhaps < *iugist (vi ),on a nearby (road). 3.Nasalized zero-grade form

*yu-n-g-.join,joinder,joint,jointure,junction,juncture,junta; adjoin,conjoin, conjugal, conjunct, enjoin, injunction, rejoin, rejoinder, subjoin,< Latin iungere,to join.

II.Suffixed form *yeug-m .zeugma, < Greek zeugma,a bond.

III.Suffixed o-grade form *youg-o-.yoga, < Sanskrit yoga ,union.

Language Abbreviations Key:

E English ME Middle English OE Old English

L Latin ML Medieval Latin LL Late Latin*VL Vulgar Latin OL Old Latin NL New Latin(SciL)Gk Greek ByzGk Byzantine Gk MGk Medieval Gk

*IE Indo-European Gmc Germanic Skt Sanskrit CCeltic

F French OF Old French MF Medieval FrenchAF Anglo-French AN Anglo-NormanIt Italian OIt Old Italian (Middle Ages)Sp Spanish Port Portuguese

G German OHG Old High German LG Low German* hypothetical, not attested by written evidence.

Sanskrit Verbs:
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vasyujyuspash

daajugh

visajvidh

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The Sanskrit Roots of English

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