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The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst...

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The Scarlet Ibis
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Page 1: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

The Scarlet IbisThe Scarlet Ibis

Page 2: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• The Scarlet Ibis Background– Author

– Publication

– Influence

• James Hurst

• published in the July 1960

• "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first and only work of Hurst's to achieve widespread success.

Page 3: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• The Scarlet Ibis Background, Con’t:– The Bird Itself

• Native of the South American tropics

• The scarlet ibis is vivid red, but loses its color if it doesn’t eat the proper diet

• It needs a particular habitat in order to thrive

• The scarlet ibis is an endangered species which has not bred successfully in its natural habitat since the 1960s.

Page 4: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• The Scarlet Ibis Background, Con’t:– The Story

• Explores the conflicts between love and pride and draws attention to the effects of familial and societal expectations on those who are handicapped.

• Draws a powerful symbolic connection between the handicapped child Doodle and the beautiful and rare Scarlet Ibis

Page 5: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Overview– Plot at a Glance

• The story focuses on the troubled relationship between two young boys: the narrator and his mentally and physically disabled brother, Doodle.

• His brother wishes he had a normal functioning brother and sometimes even has dark thoughts about murdering him

Page 6: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Overview– Plot at a Glance

• Motivated by a smile Doodle give his brother, however, Brother decides to teach Doodle how to walk along with other skills a normal boy would possess

• With his brother pushing him perhaps too hard to be something he is not, Doodle’s health begins to decline.

Page 7: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus

– Symbols

• The Scarlet Ibis

• Connections Between The Scarlet Ibis and Doodle

• In the course of the story, Doodle becomes symbolically identified with a rare and beautiful Scarlet Ibis

1a.The Scarlet ibis, an exotic bird that does not belong in the narrator's region, land in their backyard

1b.Doodle is forced to do things that he should not have to try to do and is forced out of his element

2a.The red bird falls from the tree it is in, and lands dead at the feet of Doodle’s family

2b.Forces of out of his element Doodle loses his color (as a Scarlet Ibis would) and his health declines

The shaded area of the map highlights the region populated by the Scarlet Ibis

Page 8: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Symbols, Con’t:• Coffin and Go-Cart

• Weather

• Representative of both the expectations of Doodle’s family and Doodle’s ability to overcome those expectations (that he is going to die as an infant and that he will never walk)

• Reflects the mood of the story—the weather often mirrors if good or bad things are happening in the story

Page 9: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Themes and Conflicts

• Love • Pride• Disabilities• Expectations and

Limitations• Brotherly Love• Beauty Found in the

Unique• Age and Experience

Page 10: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Foreshadowing

• Hurst frequently uses foreshadowing to suggest an upcoming event.

• In “The Scarlet Ibis” this most clearly used to hint at death coming:

– Doctor's warning about Doodle's weak heart, to foreshadow the death of Doodle

– The changing of seasons being described in terms of “death” and rebirth

Page 11: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Point of View

• Literary Focus– Irony

• The story is told as a first-person reminiscence by Brother

• This is noteworthy because Brother is looking back on events from his childhood with the maturity of an adult.

• The narration is would suggest that the story would be told with sympathy for Brother, but because of the honesty of the narrative, Doodle is the more sympathetic character

• Furthermore, Brother’s attempts to help Doodle are ultimately harmful to him

Page 12: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Characters– Doodle

• Mentally and physically retarded

• Doodle is a disappointment to his family, especially to Brother

• Everyone expects Doodle to die, but he defies them all and survives, becoming a loving boy with a strong attachment to Brother

Page 13: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Characters– Brother

• He is not given a name but is referred to by Doodle, his brother, only as "Brother."

• Brother grows ashamed of Doodle's limitations and regularly taunts him

• Brother loves Doodle, but the love is tainted with cruelty and embarrassment.

Page 14: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

A Story of Suspense and Action!!!

Page 15: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Background– Author:

– Publication

– Focus

• Richard Connell

• First published in 1924

• Connell's story raises questions about the nature of violence and cruelty and the ethics of hunting for sport.

Page 16: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Overview– The Most Dangerous

Game

• Hunter Sanger Rainsford becomes stranded on an island

• He finds another hunter, named General Zaroff, living on the island in a dark, secluded mansion

• Zaroff is an excellent hunter as well, and is desperately looking for new challenges to test his hunting skills.

The Cape Buffalo is One of the World’s Most Dangerous Animals

Page 17: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Themes and Conflicts

• Violence and CrueltyViolence and Cruelty

• Ethics of HuntingEthics of Hunting

• The Weak versus the The Weak versus the StrongStrong

• Survival of the FittestSurvival of the Fittest

• The Hunter Becoming the The Hunter Becoming the HuntedHunted

• RevengeRevengeGaming Room. Gaming Room. Will Zaroff’s Look Will Zaroff’s Look the Same Way?the Same Way?

Page 18: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Setting:

– Point of View:

• Connell sets the "game'' in Connell sets the "game'' in a dangerous wilderness of a dangerous wilderness of quicksand, wild seas, quicksand, wild seas, fallen trees, mud and fallen trees, mud and sand, and rocky cliffs.sand, and rocky cliffs.

• Omniscient third-person Omniscient third-person narrator.narrator.

Page 19: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Suspense

– Foreshadowing

• The story’s fast-paced action, life or death plot, and jungle setting all contribute to a sense of anxiety about what will happen next in the short story

• There are numerous clues about the “new game” that Zaroff hunts, but perhaps no clue is stronger than his repeated claim that 1 animal can reason

Page 20: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Characters– Rainsford

• Rainsford: world famous hunter who doesn’t believe animals have feelings and becomes stranded on Ship-Trap Island.

Page 21: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Characters– General Zaroff

• General Zaroff: refined manners, clothing, tastes, and delicate speech contrast with his brutal passion for hunting.

General ZaroffGeneral Zaroff

Page 22: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

The NecklaceThe Necklace

Page 23: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

Don’t mess with the ‘Stache

• Author • Guy De Maupassant

• Published 1884

• Maupassant was extremely successful during his lifetime and “The Necklace” was an instant success

Page 24: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• The Necklace– Overview

• Madame Mathilde and her husband are not well off financially

• She has always dreamed of being rich.

Page 25: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Overview, Con’t: • When the couple is invited to a ball, Madame Loisel must find jewelry and fine clothing so she can attend the event.

• The trouble begins when her jewelry is lost.

Page 26: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Themes

• Appearance vs. Reality

• Rich vs. Poor

• Generosity vs. Greed

• Madame Loisel is pretty and charming, but she is also unhappy with her lot in life and believes that she deserves more.

• Madame Loisel’s belief that beautiful things and luxury are essential to her happiness is the untruth that scars her physical beauty.

• Madame Loisel’s greed stands in marked contrast to the generosity of her husband and Madame Forestier.

Page 27: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Point of View

– Symbolism

• ‘‘The Necklace’’ is told by an omniscient third-person narrator. The narrator does have access to the characters‘ thoughts.

• The necklace is the central symbol of the story.

• The necklace comes to represents Madame Loisel's greed and also her artificiality.

Page 28: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus, Con’t:– Irony

• In a society that so highly values appearance, it is ironic that the beautiful Madame Loisel is excluded from society because of her class standing.

• The greatest irony of all, however, comes during the story’s surprise ending.

Page 29: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Characters– Madame Mathilde

Loisel

• Beautiful woman on the outside but has a superficial personality

• Believes that she is meant for better things than the middle-class

• Infatuated with superficial things:

– a ball gown – better furniture – fancy jewelry

Page 30: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Characters– Monsieur Loisel

• Content with social situation

• Attentive to his wife's desires,

• Acts in stark contrast to his wife: generous, hard working, selfless

Page 31: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

The Tormented Life of Edgar Allan Poe

“The Short Life” 1809-1849The Nightmarish Mind

of Edgar Allan Poe

Page 32: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Background• Born 1809-1849• His mother died during his

youth and his father abandoned them

• After the death of his grandmother married his 13-year-old cousin, Virginia in 1835

• Virginia died in 1847• Died in 1849

Page 33: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Education of Poe • Entered and dropped from both the University of Virginia and West Point

• Ran into debt and started borrowing money, gambling and getting deeper into debt

Page 34: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Writing Style of Poe • Wrote in a Gothic Style

• Deep and intense• Explorations of а

world of dream and of nightmare

• In his stories the past is darker, mоrе ominous and oppresses his heroes and heroines

Page 35: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Poe’s Characters • Many of his characters аrе filled with madness

• Obsessed with the irrational side of the mind

Page 36: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Famous Works– Short Stories

– Poems

• The Pit and the Pendulum• The Fall of the House of

Usher• Tell-Tale Heart• The Cask of the

Amontillado• The Masque of the Red

Death

• The Raven• Lenore

Page 37: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

The Cask of Amontillado

Page 38: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Background– The Cask of Amontillado • Published 1846

• One theory for the inspiration for story was a feud Poe had with 2 other poets

• The story was somewhat controversial for focusing his story on a crime with no apparent motive, and a murderer with no apparent remorse

Page 39: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• The Cask of Amontillado– Overview

• The story is narrated by Montresor, who carries a grudge against Fortunato for an offense that is never explained

• Montresor leads a drunken Fortunato through a series of chambers beneath his palazzo

Page 40: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• The Cask of Amontillado– Overview

• Although Fortunato has a horrible cough the promise of a taste of Amontillado spurs him deeper and deeper into the underground

• When the two men reach the last underground chamber, Montresor chains Fortunato to the wall, builds a new wall to seal him in, and leaves him to die

Page 41: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Themes and Conflicts

• Revenge• Madness• Deception• Remorse vs. Lack of

Remorse• Pride• Friendship• Power and Respect• Social Classes and

Social Significance within Society

Page 42: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Symbols

• Montresor’s Coat of Arms and motto, Nemo me impune lacessit

– Irony• The Usage of a

Trowel

• A foot in a blue background crushing a snake whose fangs are embedded in the foot's heel

• “No one attacks me with impunity” – Both the coat of arms and motto are

representative of Montresor’s lust for revenge

– He will crush Fortunado for the “injuries” he has given

• Fortunado belongs to a secret society called the Freemasons

• Montresor says he is also a mason, but then produces a trowel used for regular masonery work

• Fortunado thinks this action is trivial, but the trowel ends up playing an integral part in his demise .

Page 43: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Literary Focus– Point of View • Told in the first person

by Montresor

• By presenting the story in the first person, Poe puts the reader at the mercy of an unreliable narrator, a mad man, who decides what to tell and what to leave out.

Page 44: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Fortunato • Montresor's sworn enemy,

• Fortunato displays no uneasiness in Montresor's company, and is unaware that his friend is plotting against him.

• Fortunato is a proud connoisseur of fine wine

• He is urged on by the chance of sampling some rare Amontillado

Page 45: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Luchesi • Acquaintance of Montresor's and Fortunato's

• A rival wine expert of Fortunado’s

• Montresor keeps Fortunato on the trail of the Amontillado by threatening to allow Luchesi to sample it first

Page 46: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Montresor • Holds a grudge against his friend Fortunato, who has committed several unnamed offenses against him

• Wealthy and lives in a palazzo

• Has planned murder of Fortunado

• Telling the story fifty years after it has taken place he reveals no regret for his actions

Page 47: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

Red Death

The Masque of the

Page 48: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• The Masque of Red Death– Background

• Poe’s fictional Red Death is probably based on the Black Death, which killed as many as two thirds of the population in some regions in Europe

• Poe calls the plague “the Red Death” because victims oozed blood from painful sores.

Page 49: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Summary

• Theme

• In this story a fourteenth-century prince gives a costume party, or masque, to try to forget about the epidemic raging all around him.

• Inevitibility of death (regardless how much money you have)

• Human weakness and fear• Arrogance• Death

Page 50: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Allegory

• Symbol

• A narrative that is really a double story. One story takes place on the surface. Under the surface the story’s characters and events represent abstract ideas

• Something that is itself and yet also represents something else

– Can be read both as a chilling ghost story and as an allegory representing the inevitability of death.

– Prospero’s name (Prospero means prosperous)

– The stranger’s appearance (Dressed like the Grim Reaper or Death)

– The arrangement of the seven halls • The rooms of the palace, lined up in a series,

allegorically represent the stages of life. • Their colors (black=death), (red=blood)• Clock marking the inevitable passage of time.

Page 51: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Characters– Prince Prospero

– The Stranger

• Prince Prospero invites a thousand lords and ladies to escape death by living luxuriously in his castle until the pestilence passes.

• To entertain his guests Prospero hosts a masquerade party that takes place in seven halls, each a different color.

• At the stroke of midnight, a tall figure in a blood-splattered burial costume appears.

• Prospero demands that his friends seize the intruder, but everyone is frozen with fear as the stranger slowly walks through the rooms.

Page 52: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

The Gift of the MagiThe Gift of the Magi

Page 53: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Author

• Origin of Title

• O. Henry

• Wise men, or magi, brought gifts to the baby Jesus and so invented the giving of Christmas gifts

Page 54: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• O.Henry Writing Style

• Overview of Story

• Humorous tone, realistic Humorous tone, realistic detail, and a surprise detail, and a surprise endingending

• Delia and Jim Young are a young married couple with very little money

• They are both trying to save money so they can buy Christmas gifts for one another

• What will they sacrifice in order to buy their spouse a fantastic gift?

Page 55: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Characters– Jim Young

• Jim, is a thin, serious young man, twenty-two years old. He works hard, not returning home until seven o'clock, and is reliable:

Page 56: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Delia Young • Has long beautiful hair and has saved $1.87 to buy her husband a gift

Page 57: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

• Themes and Conflicts • Value of Love

• Faulty Value of Money

• Faulty Value of Material Items

• Wisdom and Growth

• Sacrifice and Generosity

• Unselfishness

Page 58: The Scarlet Ibis. The Scarlet Ibis Background –Author –Publication –Influence James Hurst published in the July 1960 "The Scarlet Ibis" was the first.

Style• Setting

• Mood

• Irony

• New York. The setting helps emphasize the couple being poor. They have a "shabby little couch," and a “dismal view”

• Dark and unsettling. The mood is used to emphasize how poor and desperate this couple has become

• When the couple loses everything that is important to them, they realize it really doesn’t matter


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