The Scholar and His Correspondents, ICS, 33-34

65

Herbert Jennings Rose (1883ndash1961) The Scholar and His Correspondents1

DOMENICO ACCORINTI

for Katharine Fewster

This paper aims both to throw new light on H J Rose (1883ndash1961) Professor of Greek at the University of St Andrews (1927ndash53) and best known as the author of A Handbook of Greek Mythology (1928) and to rekindle interest among scholars for his work in the areas of ancient religion classical mythology and folklore His unpublished correspondences with Raffaele Pettazzoni Professor of the History of Religions at University of Rome Sir DrsquoArcy Wentworth Thompson Professor of Natural History at St Andrews University and Dorothy L Sayers the renowned crime writer and author of a lyrical translation of Dantersquos Divina Commediamdashsome extracts from which are here presentedmdash besides being as well as the other scholarly correspondences an important source for our understanding of behind-the-scenes philological activity contribute a vivid portrait of a polymath

1 This essay reproduces in a more extended form and with a different subtitle (the original one was ldquoA Gifted and Omnivorous Scholarrdquo) a paper delivered on 5 April 2009 at the Classical Association Annual Conference 2009 held jointly with the Classical Association of Scotland and hosted by the Department of Classics University of Glasgow An expanded version of the same paper was also presented as a research seminar on 6 April 2009 at the University of St Andrews School of Classics in the presence of scholars such as the late Sir Kenneth J Dover and Ian G Kidd I thank Prof Christopher J Smith at that time Proctor and Provost of St Leonardrsquos College (now Director of the British School at Rome) for kindly inviting me to give the lecture at the University of St Andrews where Herbert J Rose taught from 1927 to 1953 My heartfelt thanks are due to Mrs Katharine Fewster (she was among the St Andrews audience) the last surviving member of Rosersquos large family who answered questions looked up information and identified persons related to her father I also express my gratitude to my Scottish friend Robert Learmonth for reading a first version of this paper Furthermore I wish to thank the anonymous referees for helpful comments and Danuta Shanzer editor of ICS for her valuable editorial work which has improved the presentation of the paper

66 Illinois Classical Studies 33ndash34 (2008ndash2009)

who professed the Solonian motto γηράσκω δrsquo αἰεὶ πολλὰ διδασκόμενος

Otto Skutsch (1906ndash90) in his posthumous essay ldquoRecollections of Scholars I Have Knownrdquo told the following anecdote

[At St Andrews] the Professor in Greek was H J Rose and he seemed to know everything One evening I mentioned to him that I thought I had observed something interesting in the clausulae of St Augustine ldquoYesrdquo said he and went to a drawer to fetch out copious notes he had written on precisely that point For a man whose main interest was religion and folklore that wasnrsquot bad He was a wonderful chessplayer I thought I was reasonably good myself but every time we played he had me tied up in knots after half a dozen moves It was many years later that I got rid of the feeling of inferiority which that gave me It was when Prof Penrose the father of the British chessmaster told me that old players would sometimes wonder what had become of young Rose who had drawn with Capablanca or whoever it was And when they were told that he had become a Professor of Classics they would say ldquoWhat a pityrdquo2

My paper attempts to throw new light on H J Rose Associate Professor of Classics at McGill University Montreal (1911ndash15) Professor of Latin at Aberystwyth (1919ndash27) and later Professor of Greek at the University of St Andrews (1927ndash53) a scholar of great learning a polymath and polyglot (he translated several works in his field from German Italian Dutch Swedish and he also published in 1927 with Thomas Gwynn Jones a translation into Welsh of Greek epigrams ldquoFlowers from an Ancient Gardenrdquo)3 He was also

2 ldquoRecollections of Scholars I Have Knownrdquo ed A Bierl and W M Calder III HSCP 94 (1992) 387ndash408 at 403 Skutsch published two articles in collaboration with Rose ldquoMactare-Maculardquo CQ 32 (1938) 220ndash23 ldquoOnce more lsquomactersquordquo CQ 36 (1942) 15ndash20 Rosersquos natural gifts have been happily rendered by W L Lorimer his successor at St Andrews in an impassioned obituary tribute ldquoHerbert Jennings Rose 1883ndash1961rdquo PBA 48 (1962) 397ndash410 at 408 ldquoA superb memory and vast knowledge were the outstanding elements of Rosersquos intellect But the weight of his learning did not retard his mental movements On the contrary he was extremely agile of mind the hosts of facts were kept in a state of permanent mobilization and ordinarily the particular item or items required on any occasions could be brought into play on the instantrdquo

3 Blodau o Hen Ardd Epigramau Groeg a Lladin (Wrecsam 1927) See A D Nock ldquoHerbert Jennings Rosedaggerrdquo Gnomon 34 (1962) 424ndash26 at 425 ldquolsquoNihil tetigit

Domenico Accorinti 67

a fine chessplayer Such was Rose the most famous of the Canadian classicists4 best known to scholars for his annotated translation of Plutarchrsquos The Roman Questions (1924)5 the edition of Hyginusrsquos Fabulae (1933 or 1934)6 and especially for his popular A Handbook of Greek Mythology (1928)7

Some unpublished material of great interest such as the correspondence with Raffaele Pettazzoni Professor of the History of Religions at the University of Rome of which I am preparing an edition for Brill that with Sir DrsquoArcy Wentworth Thompson Professor of Natural History at St

quod non ornavitrsquo was said of Jebb for Rose you might add nihil tetigit quod non amavit It is characteristic of his breadth of interest and sympathies that while at Aberystwyth he picked up a few words of Welsh and joined with T Gwynn Jones in issuing a slim volume of Greek and Latin poems with Welsh translationsrdquo

4 Cf R L Fowler ldquoRose Herbert Jenningsrdquo in Biographical Dictionary of North American Classicists ed W W Briggs Jr prepared under the auspices of the American Philological Association (WestportLondon 1994) 536ndash38 at 537

5 The Roman Questions of Plutarch A New Translation with Introductory Essays and a Running Commentary (Oxford 1924 repr 1975) The publication of the book was delayed owing to the War as the author wrote in the preface (7) in which he also explained to what audience his work was addressed ldquoThe bulk of this work was planned and written before the War or in the early stages thereof After a delay of some four years caused by military service the author resumed and completed it without substantially modifying what was already written Hence but little use has been made of anything published since 1914 which is the less to be regretted because most peoplersquos studies were interrupted during the same period and for the same reason There are to-day a fairly large number of students of classics who take a keen interest in the religions of antiquity and of educated people generally who study Comparative Religion For the sake of both these classes it is desirable that some at least of the sources of our knowledge of Roman cults should be published in a convenient form with adequate comment not overloaded with matter interesting chiefly to professed philologistsrdquo

6 Hygini Fabulae recensuit prolegomenis commentario appendice instruxit H I Rose (Lugduni Batavorum sd) Lorimer ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 405n1 ldquoBy a strange oversight this landmark in the study of Hyginus bears no date It was either 1933 or 1934 (Rose gives both these dates in different places elsewhere)rdquo

7 A Handbook of Greek Mythology Including Its Extension to Rome (London 1928 6th ed 1958 German trans [Muumlnchen 1955 5th ed 1978] Spanish trans [Barcelona 1970])


Andrews University and the other correspondence with Dorothy L Sayers the detective novelist and author of a lyrical translation of Dantersquos Divina Commedia gives a better understanding of his extraordinary erudition and insatiable desire for multifarious knowledge and it may also rescue from oblivion at the distance of fairly fifty years from his death a scholar whose work in the field of ancient religion of classical mythology and of folklore and folktales seems for the most part to have been forgotten by modern critics

To begin with I must explain in a few words how became interested in such a scholar It was March 2005 when I visited the library ldquoGiulio Cesare Crocerdquo San Giovanni in Persiceto (near to Bologna) where Mario Gandini with the patience of Job has been devoting himself for half a century to the archive of Raffaele Pettazzoni (1883ndash1959) Professor of the History of Religions at the University of Rome8 The librarian urging me to browse through books papers and letters belonging to his famous fellow citizen revealed to me that a considerable correspondence was still unpublished the one with Herbert Jennings Rose After hearing the name I was both surprised and curious since for one like me familiar with Nonnus of Panopolis (5th century) the Greek poet of the Dionysiaca and the Paraphrase of St Johnrsquos Gospel that name immediately recalled notmdashas it would have been obvious for othersmdashthe author of A Handbook of Greek Mythology but the one who had contributed a mythological introduction and notes to the Loeb edition of Nonnusrsquos Dionysiaca with9 So without a second thought and before going through the letters spanning more than 30 years from 1927 until 1958 to see if they were worth reading (and publishing) I decided that daymdashwith the help of Mario Gandinirsquos prompt and enthusiastic agreementmdashthat I would undertake the edition of Pettazzonirsquos and Rosersquos correspondence stung if I can put it like that by a ldquoDionysiacrdquo gadfly

This correspondence I refer particularly to the letters written by Rose was an eye-opener Step by step I discovered a talented and eccentric Canadian scholar who had moved to Scotland and was in love with Scotland a letter-

8 See M Gandini ldquoIl fondo Pettazzoni della biblioteca comunale lsquoG C Crocersquo di San Giovanni in Persiceto (Bologna)rdquo Archaeus 7 (2003) 293ndash97

9 Nonnos Dionysiaca with an English translation by W H D Rouse mythological introduction and notes by H J Rose and notes on text criticism by L R Lind 3 vols (Cambridge MALondon 1940)


writer of sly humor a man who despite his immense learning never stifledmdashas happens sometimes in the res publica litterarummdashthe strong and innate desire to communicate his own knowledge to the others either scholars or students adjusting it to the audiencersquos level of knowledge Then I threw myself into this work with eagerness and tried to unearth all possible material on Rose having also the good luck to get in touch with Mrs Katharine Fewster the only one of Rosersquos seven children still surviving One thing leads to another as is well known So I ended up by running my eye even over the likewise unpublished correspondence of Rose with Sir DrsquoArcy Wentworth Thompson his colleague at St Andrews which I learned about from the entry devoted to Rose by Professor Elizabeth M Craik in The Dictionary of British Classicists10 and the one with Dorothy L Sayers of which Rose himself speaks in a letter written to Pettazzoni (see below)

Cooperate and Research A Letter to William Blair Anderson

But before reading some excerpts from these three dossiers of letters I would like to start with a document dating back to the years after the First World War It is a letter that Rose then Professor of Latin at Aberystwyth wrote on Easter Eve (3 April) 1920 to the classicist William Blair Anderson (1877ndash1959)11 at that time Dean of the Faculty of Arts of the Manchester University and future Housmanrsquos successor at Cambridge as Kennedy Professor of Latin (1936ndash42) and editor of Sidonius for the Loeb Classical Library12 After a first part dedicated to Lucan in which Rose made some suggestions to Anderson who was preparing an edition (promised but never completed) of the Pharsalia

Your letter which I received to-day was most welcome as I wanted to get into touch with you Naturally you are welcome to make what use you like of any suggestions of mine in so important a work as a really

10 ldquoRose Herbert Jennings (1883ndash1961)rdquo in The Dictionary of British Classicists ed R B Todd et al (Bristol 2004) 3834ndash36 at 835

11 The letter is in St Johnrsquos College Library Cambridge among the personal papers of William Blair Anderson (box 2 no 20) see httpjanuslibcamacukdbnodexspid=EAD2FGBR2F02752FAnderson I am grateful to Mr Jonathan Harrison Special Collections Librarian of St Johnrsquos College for providing me with a copy

12 Sidonius Poems and Letters 2 vols (Cambridge MALondon 1936ndash56)


adequate edition of Lucan I hope by the way that you will find room in the introduction to treat of a very interesting point of literary history namely the battle royal corresponding to the rhetorical fight mirrored in Tacitus de oratoribus between the classicists and modernistsmdashso far as our documents for that particular age go between the rhetor in Petronius and Lucan I think on the whole that Petroniusrsquo Bellum Ciuile is a parody on the sort of thing a classicist would write if he attempted a Pharsalia not a serious criticism

he turns to speak on the role of philology in postwar England Rose is sure that many European scholars could not wish for anything better than ldquoto throw off the yoke of Germany and make England their centrerdquo13 Thanks to its language England is the only country fated to become a centre for publishing learned works but to carry out such a planmdashhe claimsmdashthe English must cooperate not only with each other but with foreign scholars too In short this is time for making a clean sweep of the obsolete German methods and ldquothen with the native ability which is to be found here and the freshness of outlook which amid all their faults is the charm of such men as Gilbert Murray we may rise to leadership again in philology using the term in its widest senserdquo That the collaboration in the field of philology is essential Rose vigorously reasserted at the end of this important letter where he made a statement with which one must agree ldquoAlso I wish it were fully recognised that anyone in an academic post who does not research or intend to research is a disgrace to his professionrdquo14

13 For an history of classical scholarship in Germany during the First World War see S L Marchand Down from Olympus Archaeology and Philhellenism in Germany 1750ndash1970 (Princeton 1996) 231ndash62 Academic anti-Germanism had arisen in the USA before warrsquos outbreak see W M Calder III ldquoThe Refugee Classical Scholars in the USA An Evaluation of Their Contributionrdquo ICS 17 (1992) 153ndash73 at 157ndash60

14 The scholarly collaboration and research were also actively promoted by W A Oldfather (1880ndash1945)mdashhe was almost the same age of Rosemdasha ldquoGerman scholar in Americardquo according to the expression coined by W M Calder III see M Armstrong ldquoA German Scholar and Socialist in Illinois The Career of William Abbott Oldfatherrdquo CJ 88 (1993) 235ndash53 at 236 (esp 235ndash37) idem ldquoOldfather William Abbotrdquo in Biographical Dictionary of North American Classicists 459ndash61 idem ldquoWilliam Abbott Oldfather on lsquoFoolish Tolerancersquordquo in In Pursuit of Wissenschaft


I hope your diaconal [sic]15 duties will soon leave you more leisure I have so far had two things to be thankful for that in the army I never was CSM [Company Sergeant Major] of a Hdqrs Coy [Headquarters Company] and that in academic life I have not been dean of anything but like Foxy Irsquove rsquoad the grace to pity rsquoem16 We are indeed in a period of reconstruction and I see in it a great opportunity though it is one which calls for desperate work Many continental scholarsmdashI know this from Baudis of Prague philologist and folklorist17mdashare only to [too] anxious to throw off the yoke of Germany and made England their centre for clearly unless we all take to writing in Latin again Bohemia or Sweden can never be the great country for the publication of learned works But if we are to be a centre we must in every way cooperate with one another and with foreigners overcoming our curious dread or committing ourselves in print which has so far resulted in our being represented to readers abroad largely by amiable amateurs or half-learned cranks German methods as I see it are worn out we can copy what is good in themmdashtheir thorough collecting of materialmdashand avoiding what is badmdashtheir uncritical following of one another (I have traced a quotation and a wrong one at that through half-a-dozen successive Germans) and their endless pilings up of weak arguments in the hope of making one strong one [sic] to support a pre-conceived hypothesis then with the native ability which is to be found here and the freshness of outlook which amid all their faults is the charm of such men as Gilbert Murray we may rise to leadership again in philology using the term in its widest sense

Festschrift fuumlr William M Calder III zum 75 Geburtstag ed S Heilen et al Spudasmata 119 (HildesheimZuumlrichNew York 2008) 15ndash26

15 One of the anonymous referees pointed out that ldquodiaconalrdquo must be a slip of the pen for ldquodecanalrdquo ldquoThat is very odd lsquoDiaconalrsquo means lsquoof a deaconrsquo Was Anderson a lay preacher Or did Rose write lsquodiaconalrsquo when he meant to write lsquodecanalrsquo of a deanrdquo

16 Rose quotes by heart from The Flag of Their Country chap 7 of Stalky amp Co a school novel published in 1899 by Rudyard Kipling in which the School Sergeant Foxy says ldquoIrsquove never been a Volunteer-sergeant thank Godmdashbut Irsquove always had the consideration to pity rsquoem Irsquom glad orsquo thatrdquo

17 The Celtist Joseph Baudiš (1883ndash1933) was professor at the Universities of Bratislava and Prague and member of the Royal Irish Academy Among his works we may quote Czech Folk Tales (London 1917) Grammar of Early Welsh (Oxford 1924) and Struktura jazyků indoevropskyacutech (Bratislava 1932)


I hope to get a chance to talk a little on this theme in a paper before the Class Ass this month18 It will be a sort of interim report on some work I am doing on a field next to untouchedmdashat least the work on it has never been coordinatedmdashand I shall hint that the way to do such things is to collaborate and keep on collaborating I wish there were some sort of a clearing-house something like the Berliner Wochenschrift fuer Philologie which would continually keep us in touch with each otherrsquos researches and problems Also I wish it were fully recognised that anyone in an academic post who does not research or intend to research is a disgrace to his profession

I have quoted this letter at some length because it is perhaps the most vivid presentation of how Rose viewed academic work a scholar must neither be confined to his own branch of learning nor be content with a monastic existence but duty bound to cooperate in research with others So inspired by this view and titillated by an innate and unslakable curiosity Rose kept in touch with many colleagues and scholars at home and abroad never missing the chance to debate about ancient religion folklore and classics19

18 The CArsquos meeting referred to was held in Newcastle and Durham from the 14th to the 16th April 1920 Since he was ill the presidential address of William Warde Fowler (1847ndash1921) ldquoThe Imagination of the Romansrdquo was read by Robert S Conway (1864ndash1933) see P Hooker ldquoAnnual General Meetings Presidents and Addressesrdquo in The Classical Association The First Century 1903ndash2003 ed C Stray (Oxford 2003) 275ndash83 at 276 On the role and work of the Classical Association during and after the First World War see Stray ibid 34ndash37

19 In this context it is useful to quote two letters from the correspondence Pettazzoni-Rose (see below) In the first dated 5 June 1928 Rose referring to the paper ldquoRelations between Etruscan and Roman Religionrdquo he had read at the 1st International Etruscan Congress (see below) later published under the title ldquoOn the Relations between Etruscan and Roman Religionrdquo SMSR 4 (1928) 161ndash78 wrote ldquoIt is most flattering that you and Prof Minto both wish to publish my relazione it will be the first time I have had anything of mine translated although I have written for publication once or twice in languages other than my own and I hope it will contribute a little to those closer relations between Italian and British scholars which I hold would be much to the benefit of both sidesrdquo In the second one written on 6 September 1946 just about one year after the end of the Second World War he missed the 1st International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (London 30 Julyndash4 August 1934) where he had met Pettazzoni and consoled himself with the thought that he would publish a book on the folklore of Chios in


Correspondence with Raffaele Pettazzoni

Raffaele Pettazzoni was just one of the many scholars with whom Rose kept in touch for a long time They both born in 1883 had met for the first time in Paris at the International Congress of History of Religions (8ndash13 October 1923) and then they met again at least on seven other occasions20 The 218 letters (129 Rose 89 Pettazzoni) that they exchanged between 1927 and 1958mdashexcept in the years of the Second World War21mdashbear witness to a continuous and productive relationship between the two cemented by the translation into English made by Rose of Pettazzonirsquos Essays on the History of Religions (1954) and The All-Knowing God (1956)22 as Rose himself later recalled in a letter written to Mario Gandini on 15 March 1960

I first became acquainted with him at a congress in Paris I think in 1922 [1923] and ever since we remained in touch with one another save in the unhappy years of the recent war which divided our countries I liked

collaboration with a Greek scholar (see below at n23) ldquoVous rappellez-vous [sic] le Congregraves anthropologique drsquoil y a je ne sais plus combien drsquoanneacutees ougrave nous nous sommes rencontreacutes agrave University College Heacutelas la coopeacuteration scientifique internationale quand recommencera-t-elle encore Le livre sur le folk-lore de lrsquoicircle de Chios dont je mrsquooccupe en collaboration avec un ami grec (voici au moins une œuvre internationale) doit paraicirctre en 1947rdquo

20 Firenze-Bologna 1st International Etruscan Congress (27 Aprilndash5 May 1928) London Jubilee Congress of the Folk-Lore Society (19ndash25 September 1928) Lund 5th International Congress of the History of Religions (27ndash29 August 1929) London 1st International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences (ICAES) (30 Julyndash4 August 1934) Amsterdam 7th Congress for the History of Religions (4ndash9 September 1950) Roma 8th International Congress of History of Religions (17ndash23 April 1955) Amsterdam 150th anniversary of The Netherlands Academy (4 May 1958)

21 There is a gap in the correspondence between 25 March 1940 and 17 August 1944 Actually after Italyrsquos entry into the war (10 June 1940) Pettazzoni and Rose could not communicate with each other for a long time On the Pettazzoni-Rose correspondence see D Accorinti ldquoIl carteggio Raffaele PettazzonindashHerbert Jennings Rose (1927ndash1958)rdquo Quaderni di storia 69 (2009) 155ndash97

22 R Pettazzoni Essays on the History of Religions trans H J Rose (Leiden 1954) idem The All-Knowing God Researches into Religion and Culture trans H J Rose (London 1956) a translation or rather an ldquoeditio minorrdquo of Pettazzonirsquos Lrsquoonniscienza di Dio (Torino 1955)


him at once and always admired his extremely learned and ingenious works although we differed on many minor points It was my pleasant task later on to render two of his books into English LrsquoOnniscienza di Dio (published by Methuen London under the title The All-knowing God) and a collection of his shorter pieces printed by Brill of Leiden which I think appeared only in my version Naturally these kept us in close touch suggestions and criticism going back and forth frequently

The majority of the correspondence deals with comments on these two books of Pettazzoni data on published articles and papers of both scholars historical information criticisms of other scholarsrsquo work and mention of meetings and programmes of the International Association for the History of Religions (IAHR) But letters also mirror life itself and the ones Rose wrote to Pettazzoni are no exception they breathe his strong generous and intriguing personality

I would like to start with some of the letters written before during and after the Second World War After receiving a letter (no longer extant) in which Pettazzoni must have informed him of the effects of the anti-Jewish Racial Laws promulgated by the Fascist regime of Mussolini in early September 1938 on Arnaldo Momigliano (1908ndash87) who had lost his chair of Roman history at the University of Turin Rose asked by his friend to help the Italian scholar to look for an appointment abroad wrote on 30 November 1938

When your letter came telling me of the misfortune of our colleague AM I tried to think of some way in which I could be helpful to him for I know the good quality of his work So far however I have not been able to discover any way to be of service in the matter if I do I will let you know You are of course aware that there are many such claims now upon us in this country Do you happen to know if he has a good speaking knowledge of English I know he can read it but can he also lecture in it If so it is possible that sooner or later he might be invited to address some learned body here or in America on some subject connected with his field of research

Nine months later just a few days before the war broke out Rose who was giving courses of lectures in the USA at Harvard University sent the translation of some chapters of The All-Knowing God to his Italian friend and in a letter written from Cambridge MA on 20 August 1939 which gives the best evidence of his love for Italy and its culture expresses the foreboding that Italy seconding the plans of Germany might unfortunately go to war against Great Britain


Need I say how earnestly I hope that the arrival of this letter and the packet will find our countries in their natural state of peace with one another I love Italy too much to bear the thought of her being ravaged by contending armies as she undoubtedly will be if dragged by the mad ambition of a foreigner into a hopeless and disastrous war against those who should be her friends and allies

That Rose was anxious about the fate of Pettazzoni and other Italian scholars appears from a letter which he wrote to his friend on 17 August 1944 a letter that breaks a forced silence of more than four years and is valuable evidence of Rosersquos impressions of war from St Andrews providing information on his family and academic work during that terrible time

Dear Colleague

It was announced to-day by our Postmaster-General that civil correspondence was now possible with several parts of Italy including Rome and I hasten to write to you Has the War left you safe and well and has any continuation of your work been possible If so I hope that later when parcel post facilities begin you will let me have any part of LrsquoOnniscienza di Dio which I have not yet seen Have you any news of those friends of ours whose Universities are on territory still held by the enemy such as Plinio Fraccaro You perhaps know that A Momigliano is safe in Oxford and continuing to work there He now writes very good English I do not know his plans for the future My family has been very fortunate Save for one son my youngest who died owing to an accident in no way connected with the War all my children are well Two of them are with their ships the other sons are not physically fit for service and are at civilian occupations and my daughters are with me All I have actually seen of the enemy was a sudden glow in the sky one evening long ago which I afterwards learned was caused by a German plane blowing up Of course in the days when the Luftwaffe was still strong I heard their machines overhead often enough but that is far behind us now I am working at the moment chiefly on the large book concerning the Folklore of Chios which P P Argenti of the Greek Legation and I are writing in collaboration23 Now and again I write a little of a commentary on Aeschylus

23 Cf P P Argenti and H J Rose The Folk-Lore of Chios 2 vols (Cambridge 1949)


which I mean to bring out perhaps two years after peace comes again24 The news that Rome Assisi and Florence received little or no serious damage has been a great relief to us in this country One may now hope that Bologna Pisa Venice and the other cities still beyond the reach of our armies will be as fortunate

Yours sincerely H J Rose

Even after the Second World War was over Rose spotlighted the international political situation and the post-war conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States the so-called Cold War as we read in a letter he wrote to Pettazzoni on 14 April 1948 where he alludes to the coming Italian election of 18 April 1948 which the Christian Democrats won becoming the ruling party This letter also makes reference to Rosersquos many academic engagements one of which was the Marett Lecture at Exeter College Oxford on ldquoMana in Greece and Romerdquo dedicated to Robert R Marett (1866ndash1943) the anthropologist whose theory of pre-animism influenced Rose25

All goes quietly here and if the Western nations maintain their firm attitude against Russia the chances of the quiet continuing are better than they seemed a few weeks ago If another war comes it will be the worst and most devastating yet so much seems clear But considering the relative mental abilities of East and West only one ending is possible we should certainly win sooner or later but no doubt at horrible cost to civilisation I hope your elections pass quietly and show a substantial majority for the more reasonable parties I am at present lecturing on Herodotos Theokritos and Greek Religion to various classes which seem interested I have plenty of occupation for the next few months with various engagements here and elsewhere including Edinburgh and Oxford One which pleases me greatly is the Marett Lecture at Exeter College Oxford in memory of the great anthropologist whom I knew well and from whom I learned much I mean to speak on ldquoMana in Greece and Romerdquo

24 Cf A Commentary on the Surviving Plays of Aeschylus 2 vols (Amsterdam 1957ndash58)

25 ldquoMana in Greece and Romerdquo was delivered at Exeter College on 5 June 1948 and later published in HTR 42 (1949) 155ndash74 On Marett see H J Rose ldquoRobert Ranulph Marett 1866ndash1943rdquo PBA 29 (1943) 357ndash70


But skimming through the letters could be useful to discover other salient features of Rosersquos personality and interests such as the self-confessed idleness his devotion to Solonian motto γηράσκω δrsquo αἰεὶ πολλὰ διδασκόμενος (frg 28 GentilindashPrato) his nonconformism his sense of humor and obviously his passion for chess

More than once Rose hints at his own idleness for instance a letter in French he wrote to Pettazzoni on 24 September 1929 in which he refers to an article later published in Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni26

Hier soir jrsquoai triompheacute de ma paresse habituelle et jrsquoai composeacute le petit essai drsquohagiographie que voici Je serais heureux de le voir paraicirctre dans les pages de Studi e Materiali

and the one dated 30 March 1948 in which he speaks about a paper on Plutarch he would have delivered at a meeting of the Classical Association of Scotland

Things are going much as usual here We are just finishing our Easter vacation and lectures begin again on Thursday April 1 I have been rather idle doing little except prepare a paper which I am to read to the Classical Association of Scotland early in May I mean to speak on Plutarch avoiding technical details and making a plea for less neglect of him he is I think my favourite of the Hellenistic authors

By the way what he says here of Plutarchmdashldquohe is I think my favourite of the Hellenistic authorsrdquomdashshould not in my opinion surprise anyone familiar with the encyclopedic nature of Rosersquos knowledge As learned and curious man as the author of Parallel Lives and Moralia was he had to become his auteur de chevet Still apropos of Rosersquos self-confessed idleness one might mention a letter he wrote to Dorothy L Sayers on 27 May 1955 two years after he retired in which he quotes Dantersquos Purgatorio 2240ndash41 two lines which have puzzled the interpreters

I continue to be pretty busy for a retired man Per che non reggi tu o sacra fame Dellrsquooro lrsquoappetito dersquo mortali27

26 ldquoSan Miniatordquo SMSR 5 (1929) 231ndash36 27 ldquoWith what constraint constrainrsquost thou not the lust | Of mortals thou devoted

greed of goldrdquo (trans Sayers) On this ldquonotorious critical cruxrdquo see Sayersrsquos appendix note C (ldquoThe Sacra Fame Riddlerdquo) to the translation of Dantersquos Purgatory


In other words if I can pick up a bit by writing or translating or lecturing about this and that I do despite my great natural talent for lazing

One cannot be expected to take these words seriously To judge by Rosersquos extensive bibliography alone which apart from books amounts to hundreds and hundreds of articles and reviews published every year at a frenzied pace one can hardly credit this self-impugned ldquogreat natural talent for lazingrdquomdashunless his idleness must be interpreted as an otium litterarium according to Montaignersquos rhetoric of ldquooisiveteacuterdquo as an art of life in the Essais

Derniegraverement que je me retirai chez moi deacutelibeacutereacute autant que je pourrai ne me mecircler drsquoautre chose que de passer en repos et agrave part ce peu qui me reste de vie il me semblait ne pouvoir faire plus grande faveur agrave mon esprit que de le laisser en pleine oisiveteacute srsquoentretenir soi-mecircme et srsquoarrecircter et rasseoir en soi ce que jrsquoespeacuterais qursquoil peut meshuy faire plus aiseacutement devenu avec le temps plus pesant et plus mucircr Mais je trouve

variam semper dant otia mentem [Lucan Phars 4704] qursquoau rebours faisant le cheval eacutechappeacute il se donne cent fois plus drsquoaffaire agrave soi mecircme qursquoil nrsquoen prenait pour autrui et mrsquoenfante tant de chimegraveres et monstres fantasques les uns sur les autres sans ordre et sans propos que pour en contempler agrave mon aise lrsquoineptie et lrsquoeacutetrangeteacute jrsquoai commenceacute de les mettre en rocircle espeacuterant avec le temps lui en faire honte agrave lui-mecircme28

For a man whose prodigious intellectual workmdashreading teaching lecturing and writingmdashwas his daily bread retirement was not welcome but Rose made a virtue of necessity and his forced retirement from St Andrews University at age 70 proved an opportunity to extend his knowledge in fields

The Comedy of Dante Alighieri the Florentine Cantica II Purgatory ltIl Purgatoriogt trans D L Sayers (London 1955) A M Chiavacci Leonardi Dante Alighieri Commedia vol 2 Purgatorio (Milano 1994) 664 (ldquoNota integrativardquo) As it seems Rose who is alluding to his lucrative activity as writer translator and lecturer follows the interpretation which Sayers explained in her appendix ldquoIt remains possible to read for percheacute (why) per che (by what) and to construe By what [crooked ways] dost thou not drive (guide compel) | human appetite O accursed greed of goldrdquo

28 ldquoDe lrsquooisiveteacuterdquo (18) cf also ldquoDe la solituderdquo (139) ldquoDe la preacutesomptionrdquo (217) ldquoDe la vaniteacuterdquo (39) and ldquoDe lrsquoexperiencerdquo (313) On this topic see V Krause ldquoMontaignersquos Art of Idlenessrdquo Viator 31 (2000) 361ndash80


other than Greek as he confided to Pettazzoni in a letter written on 8 April 1953

This is my last term in active work at the University Unlike Rome St Andrews retires its professors finally at the end of that session which contains their seventieth birthday there is nothing corresponding to your five extra years of partial activity I much regret it for I am still vigorous mentally at least and feel capable of at the very least another decade But I hope to find occasional occupation say in the US which I have more than once visited to give courses of lectures In the meanwhile I have my books and of course the University library also occasional visits to Oxford to renew old acquaintances and read in the Bodleian and I hope to fill some of the more obvious gaps in my knowledge Even if I confined myself to Greek which I do not intend to do there is very much which I either do not know at all or know very imperfectly

That Rose admitted being in a sense a polymath can be read between the lines of a letter he wrote from Oxford to Pettazzoni on 16 July 1954 in which he evoking the interviews he had had with E A Barber (1888ndash1965)29 and Stefan Weinstock (1901ndash71)30 compared himself to Didymus the Hellenistic scholar and grammarian who flourished in Alexandria in the second half of the 1st century BC nicknamed χαλκέντερος (ldquobraze-guttedrdquo) and βιβλιολάθας (ldquobook forgetterrdquo) for the enormous quantity of books he had written (according to tradition 3500 or 4000 works) and that is why he often contradicted himself being unable to recollect what he had already written

I am enjoying a few daysrsquo change of scene here and getting some little matters attended to which are better done at Oxford than at St Andrews I have plenty of work on hand but not so pressing that any of it need be done by a particular hour of a particular day It has involved pleasant

29 On Eric A Barber (1888ndash1965) editor of Sexti Properti carmina (Oxford 1953 2nd ed 1960) and rector of Exeter College (1943ndash56) see L Lehnus in Dictionary of British Classicists G Barber ldquoLatin and Greek Versions amp Tributes by Eric Arthur Barber (1888ndash1965) Sometimes Rector of Exeter College Oxfordrdquo Humanistica Lovaniensia 56 (2007) 295ndash330 (esp 295ndash97)

30 On Weinstock who held the only Roman Religion Lecturership at Oxford in the universityrsquos history (1952ndash69) and was elected a non-tutorial-fellow of Exeter College (1965) see C R Phillips III in Dictionary of British Classicists an essential entry to get an idea of such a scholar who ldquoevoked a spectrum of responsesrdquo (1045)


interviews with those admirable scholars Barber and Weinstock The latter has on hand some most interesting speculations as to the true derivation and meaning of penates in which he makes use of a little note of mine which I published in the CR for 1928 and had forgotten all about31 I must try to avoid the unhappy experience of Didymos Chalkenteros who having denounced certain views in a lecture was afterwards shown arguments in favour of them in one of his own books

Rose was also an expert chess player and after his chair of Greek passed to William Laughton Lorimer (1885ndash1967) the Professor Emeritus continued both to work ldquoat odd momentsrdquo on Aeschylus as he wrote to Pettazzoni on 16 October 1953

My successor W L Lorimer has now been formally inaugurated and will I know conduct my old department excellently I have the title of Professor Emeritus and maintain close and friendly relations with my former colleagues At odd moments I continue to revise my commentary on Aeschylus

and for recreation solving chess problems and playing games by correspondence as he said to his Italian friend in a letter written on 20 October 1953

I read and write and the humour takes me and for relaxation I solve chess problems or play games by correspondence two of them are with an Italian doctor by name Fontana who plays quite excitingly and has got both games into complicated positions32

31 ldquoA New Title of Fortunardquo CR 42 (1928) 171 32 The Italian doctor alluded to by Rose was Giovanni Fontana judge of the Court

of Cassation see G Di Liberto A Petrillo and P Silvestri Una storia di scacchi lunga centrsquoanni Il circolo scacchistico genovese Luigi Centurini (1893ndash1993) (Genova 2001) 106ndash7 an abstract of which is available at httpwwwcenturiniitstoriahtmintroduzione I should like to thank Vittorio Piccardo senior international master and past President of Societagrave Scacchistica Savonese who gave me some data on this chessplayer (email 18 June 2008) ldquoPer quanto ne so le notizie che Lei possiede su di lui sono corrette giocatore di scacchi per corrispondenza negli anni rsquo50 socio dellrsquoAssociazione Scacchistica Italiana Giocatori per Corrispondenza ASIGC Credo abbia concluso la sua carriera in Magistratura con lo stesso grado di Presidente di Sezione di Corte drsquoAppello del collega e comune amico dott Lino Bossi Nelle parole di Mr Herbert Jennings Rose


ldquoBirds of a feather flock togetherrdquo as the saying goes One of Rosersquos pupils at St Andrews was Douglas C C Young (1913ndash73) a true polymath who was one of the most brilliant and bizarre personalities of the 20th-century Scottish Renaissance scholar essayst translator Scottish poet and politician33 Rose entrusted an original and vivid portrait of Young to a letter written to Pettazzoni on 23 September 1948

A clever though eccentric younger colleague of mine formerly my pupil is now in Rome working at the Bibliotheca Apostolica on some MSS of Theognis whom he is editing His name is D C Young If you should meet him you will find him entertaining and full of curious bits of information and peculiar political views He is a Scottish Nationalist that is to say one of a little group of people who want to see Scotland an independent or practically independent country is there not a similar local party in Sicily At least he is neither communist nor fascist and does not favour violent methods of any kind One of his accomplishments I believe is to play the bagpipes the Scottish national instrument the music of which some find inspiriting and some intolerably harsh de gustibus For myself I regard it as the finest military music in the world having often marched to it but not suitable for indoor performances Young can speak both French and Italian pretty well I understand

Rose too was free from all conventions as Lorimer emphasized in the warm tribute to his predecessor

Rosersquos was a strongly marked personality some traits of which were thrown into relief by a healthy if at times exaggerated disregard of convention34

So it is no surprise that he joked about his honorary doctorate35 in a letter he wrote to Pettazzoni on 28 June 1954 an amusing excursus on the academic

riconosco lo stile di Giovanni Fontana Quite exciting veramente emozionante Sulle sessantaquattro caselle egli amava vivere pericolosamenterdquo

33 On Young see A Clear Voice Douglas Young Poet and Polymath A Selection from His Writings with a Memoir ed C Young and D Murison (Edinburgh 1977) cf also J Russell in Dictionary of British Classicists

34 Lorimer ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 410 35 Rose was awarded an honorary degree (LLD) by the University of St Andrews

on 29 June 1954 The Rev Professor J H Baxter dean of the Faculty of Divinity


degrees in England and Scotland quite different from those in use in other European countries

To-morrow I take an honorary doctorate curiously enough the first doctorate of any kind I have ever had In my generation very few Oxford or Cambridge graduates who intended to teach ever troubled to take anything higher than the degree of Master of Arts which oddly enough expresses no more than seniority Any Bachelor of Arts who cares to maintain his connection with his college by paying some small annual fees will after a certain lapse of time be formally presented for the Masterrsquos degree by that college A Master of Arts is a full member of the University and may vote on certain deliberative bodies which determine its policy and organisation In Scotland there is no such degree as Bachelor of Arts though there is a bachelorrsquos degree in other faculties All arts graduates are Masters It is all so very different from any system in use on the Continent that it must be extremely puzzling to visitors I long ago got used to being addressed as ldquoHerr Doktorrdquo and its equivalents in other languages when abroad On the other hand our people address any physician as Dr So-and-So though he very likely has no doctorate but is simply a Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery the usual first medical degree which qualifies him to practice But a surgeon though he may be very distinguished and hold half-a-dozen doctorates prefers to be addressed as ldquoMrrdquo So you may have Dr Jones a very ordinary general practitioner sending his patient to Mr Smith who is an excellent surgeon and probably will be Sir John Smith before long

But Rose shows himself also as a keen humorist as in this letter written to Pettazzoni on 4 April 1955 in which he alluded to an almost unintelligible Norse lecture on palynology the science that studies pollen which he had attended at The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters during his stay in Oslo to give the Eitrem lectures

Yes I enjoyed my stay in Oslo very much The Norwegians were most kind and hospitable to me and I made some pleasant new acquaintances

conferred the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity and the laudatory address was delivered by Arthur A Matheson (1920ndash81) professor of Scots Law in the University of Dundee but formerly Classical Exhibitioner at Balliol (he had obtained his degrees MA with first-class honours in Classics and LLB with distinction from the University of Edinburgh) see appendix


I lectured first on Mars next on mana in popular Greek thought finally on cult-images The lectures are to come out in Symbolae Osloenses36 I also attended by invitation a meeting of their academy I understood never a word of the paper which was read but heard later that it dealt with pollen-analysis but the supper which followed needed no translation and I had a pleasant talk with the Praeses of the academy who speaks excellent English and told me a number of interesting stories I picked up a few words of Norse without much difficulty as I already knew a little Swedish37

And to conclude discussion of Rosersquos correspondence with Pettazzoni one might cite the last one written by Rose on 23 December 1958 and dealing with Angelo Brelich (1913ndash77) who succeeded Pettazzoni in 1958 in the chair of History of Religions at Rome and Kaacuteroly Kereacutenyi (1897ndash1963) who had been Brelichrsquos mentor Rosersquos criticism spares neither Brelich nor Kereacutenyi but it is ruthless towards the latter for there was no love lost between the author and the translator of Die Heroen der Griechen38 Rose

36 Cf Some Problems of Classical Religion Eitrem Lectures 1 (Oslo 1958) see the reviews by W K C Guthrie CR ns 10 (1960) 178ndash79 and E D Phillips JHS 81 (1961) 194ndash95 Rose gave the three Eitrem LecturesmdashldquoMarsrdquo (1ndash17) ldquoMana in Popular Greek Thought of Classical Daterdquo (18ndash33) ldquoConcerning Imagesrdquo (34ndash50)mdashon March 1955

37 I thank Prof Nils Roar Saeliglthun head of the Department of Geosciences University of Oslo for forwarding my email (22 June 2008) to Ms Line Therese Naevestad senior executive officer of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters who kindly answered my questions about both the meeting of the academy and the lecture on palynology alluded to by Rose ldquoThe Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters had a common meeting on 25 March 1955 A Professor of Botany Ulf Hafsten (1922ndash1992) held a lecture called lsquoTrekk av den senkvartaeligre utvikling i Oslo-traktenrsquomdashit has to do with pollen-analysis The President of The Academy in 1955 was Professor Francis Bull (1887ndash1974)rdquo (email 23 June 2008)

38 See a note of Kereacutenyirsquos Tage- und Wanderbuumlcher 1953ndash1960 (MuumlnchenWien 1969) dated ldquoAscona 16 February 1959rdquo in which the Hungarian scholar accused his adversary (Gegner) Rose of making some mistakes in translating his book Die Heroen der Griechen (Zuumlrich 1958) into English ldquoErst jetzt beginne ich auch mit lsquoThe Heroesrsquo zufrieden zu sein nachdem ich den englischen Text zum dritten Mal auf die Uumlbersetzungsfehler hin durchkorrigiert Es war doch eine zweifelhafte Gunst des Schicksals daszlig der Gegner H J Rose die Uumlbersetzung machte Ein Triumph wohl im Fach den ich schon in Rom bei dem anderen lsquogroszligenrsquo Kollegen dieses Schlages zu


also mentions the translation he was making of a long historical work of Veit Valentin (1885ndash1947) the German historian and archivist who defended the democratic state during the Weimar Republic adding an interesting comment on this kind of ldquostopgaprdquo work

So Brelich succeeds you in the chair He has I think improved considerably of late I have written a short review of his new book Gli eroi greci for CR and a longer and more elaborate one for Gnomon in which I express a large amount of disagreement but undoubtedly he has lost the wildness of his earlier works though his smaller publication Tre variazioni still has some rather nonsensical things in it39 I wish Kereacutenyi showed a like progress towards greater sanity Of late I was asked to translate a recent work of his on the Greek heroes and did so for a London publisher who pays well for such things but although it is not so wild as some of his earlier books it makes fundamental assumptions with which I cannot agree I am now busy with other rendering from German a long work on universal history by the late Veit Valentin quite good and in a lively interesting and interested style This will keep me rather busy for some time so far I have translated close on 100000 words of it

fuumlhlen bekam als ich zufaumlllig auf ihn stieszlig Und selten hat sich ein unzustaumlndiger Kritiker so entbloumlszligt wie dieser durch seine sprachlichen und sachlichen Entgleisungen Sie waren besonders im Anschaulichen horrend lsquoswampy pathrsquo zweimal fuumlr lsquoSaumwegrsquo (am Isthmos) Blind fuumlr das Konkretemdashblind aber auch fuumlr die geistige Nuance Ist die Eigenart meiner Darstellung stark genug ummdashnach der Beseitigung der groumlbsten Fehlermdashzum Leser durchdringen zu koumlnnen Es ist die Frage der lsquoinneren Sprachersquo die ich durch das Redenlassen des antiken Stoffes erreichen sollte Sie sollte toumlnenmdashdurch das lsquoroughmindednessrsquo von Roserdquo (282ndash83) Rosersquos translation was published in the same year K Kereacutenyi The Heroes of the Greeks trans H J Rose (London 1959)

39 Rosersquos reviews of Gli eroi greci Un problema storico-religioso (Roma 1958) appeared in Gnomon 31 (1959) 385ndash89 and CR ns 10 (1960) 48ndash50 Tre variazioni romane sul tema delle origini (Roma 1958) too was reviewed by Rose in CR ns 9 (1960) 177ndash78 who had already noticed Brelichrsquos first works Aspetti della morte nelle iscrizioni sepolcrali dellrsquoimpero romano (Budapest 1937) CR ns 51 (1937) 233ndash34 where Rose also discussed F de Ruyt ldquoEacutetudes de symbolisme funeacuterairerdquo Bulletin de lrsquoInstitut Historique Belge de Rome 17 (1936) 164ndash69 and Die Geheime Schutzgottheit von Rom (Zuumlrich 1949) CR 64 (1950) 157ndash58


and the whole is not far short of half a million It serves to fill up the time while I lack ideas of my own40

Correspondence with DrsquoArcy Wentworth Thompson

The correspondence between Rose and DrsquoArcy Wentworth Thompson (1860ndash1937) that ldquorare combination of the humanist and the naturalistrdquo to borrow an apt description41 is in the Special Collections Department of the University of St Andrews42 and amounts to 55 letters nearly all from Rose (51) to Thompson (4) and dated between 1924 and 1942 Unlike the correspondence between Rose and Pettazzoni it consists primarily of philological notes Rose here sacrificed his true talent of letter writer on the altar of philology but that is exactly the reason why the letters to Thompson which he went on sending through the post even after he moved from Aberystwyth to St Andrews (the house where he lived from 1939 to 1952 at 17 South Street was a stonersquos throw from his colleaguersquos residence [at 44 South Street]) show Rosersquos linguistic curiosity and voracious reading Among the Greek authors cited are Aelian Apollonios Rhodios Aratos Aristophanes43 Aristotles Diophantos the so-called Geoponica a twenty-book collection of agricultural lore dated back to 10th century Hesychios Nonnus Pherekydes Sophocles and among the Latins such authors as Caesar Horace Ovid Pliny Statius and Virgil

The correspondence begins with a letter that Rose wrote to Thompson on 11 October 1924 asking his opinion on a ldquobotanical pointrdquo in Caesarrsquos Bellum civile and no wonder But this letter arouses our interest because Rose who is sending to Thompson some of his ldquoscreedsrdquo refers to their

40 Rose might allude to V Valentin Weltgeschichte Voumllker Maumlnner Ideen 2 vols (Amsterdam 1939)

41 On DrsquoArcy Wentworth Thompson the Younger see M E Irwin in Dictionary of British Classicists

42 I thank Dr Norman H Reid Keeper of Manuscripts and Muniments Head of Special Collections University of St Andrews Library who has kindly provided me with a copy of this important material

43 Aristophanes was one of Rosersquos favourite authors see Lorimer ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 399 ldquoHe gave courses on Greek religion and ancient history but he devoted his lectures mainly to poetical textsmdashHomer Pindar Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides Aristophanes (with peculiar zest) Callimachus and Theocritus Herodotus was also sometimes taken uprdquo


ldquodiversions musical philological and other on the voyage to Canadardquo and that clearly means that the Canadian was at once on the same wavelength as the Scot

Dear Prof Thompson

I send you as I promised to do some of my screeds which may prove of interest I retain most pleasant memories of our diversions musical philological and other on the voyage to Canada Now I am back at the old mill again and would like to know your opinion on a botanical point in Caesar Bell Ciu III 481 he says est etiam genus radicis inuentum ab eis qui fuerant ab alebribus (so Holder ualeribus codd) quod appellatur chara quod admixtum lacte multum inopiam leuabat id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant eius erat magna copia Have you any opinion as to what chara was Lewis and Short say wild cabbage which is presumtive [sic] evidence that it is something else


The letter that Rose sent to Thompson on 25 May 1927 reveals his mood before coming to St Andrews to succeed John Burnet (1863ndash1928) as Professor of Greek He was enthusiastic about the change of scene and colleagues and showed in particular his appreciation of William L Lorimer who after his disappointmentmdashhe himself had applied for the Chair of Greekmdashldquobehaved in the most sporting manner possiblerdquo That Rose kept on good terms with Lorimer destined to succeed him in 1953 is undeniable suffice it to read the genuine tribute that Lorimer would pay later to his predecessor in Proceedings of the British Academy (1962) This letter which Rose wrote from Aberystwyth contains also an interesting note on the Scots usage of ldquosynerdquo that according to his opinion corresponded perfectly to the Latin mox and was preferable to ldquoanonrdquo an archaic English word

Dear Prof DrsquoArcy Thompson

Many thanks for your letter I expect to be quite happy at St Andrews where I am apparently to have agreeable colleagues (not that I have disagreeable ones here by any means) interesting work a very fair salary and opportunity for a good row or two I have several friends in Scotland and expect to make more in particular I have taken a great liking to Lorimer who was runner-up for the Chair of Greek lost it by what was I fancy a narrow margin and behaved in the most sporting manner possible My objection to translating mox by anon is that that word is no longer current English But is there not a Scots use of syne which corresponds pretty exactly to the Silver Age use of mox or have dialect novels deceived me I


seem to recollect sentences like this ldquoI telt him the mistress wesna at hame and syne he gaed awardquo (Ego negaui ipsam domi esse atque is mox abiit) In itself anon is a good rendering eg Anon he finds him44

Scholarly correspondences provide important evidence of often invisible philological activity and the one between Rose and Thompson does not disappoint So thanks to these letters it emerges that Rose made some suggestions to Thompson who was one of the contributors to the ninth edition of Liddell and Scottrsquos Greek-English Lexicon (1940) Herewith a few examples

In a letter dated 29 October 1929 Rose wrote

Dear DrsquoArcy

Why does LS say that the νέρτος (Ar Birds 303) is a bird of prey The text gives no guide whatsoever it is true that the next bird after it is an ἱέραξ but then the one just before is a περιστερά so you might equally well argue that it is a sort of pigeon I hope this guess will be cleared out of the new edition There seems to be no other mention of the creature and of course the name may be corrupt Blaydes offers a guess or two more suo

Thompson followed Rosersquos advice since the reference to ldquopreyrdquo was removed from the new edition of LSJ sv νέρτος Likewise in the letter written on 27 November 1932 Rose called Thompsonrsquos attention to the meaning of the word στύξ = σκώψ (a small kind of owl)

44 Elizabeth M Craik who was among the St Andrews audience properly remarks ldquoWell Rose was a Canadian And I think he did misunderstand his lsquodialect novelsrsquo In the sentence lsquoI telt him the mistress wesna at hame and syne he gaed awarsquo by far the most natural way to understand lsquosynersquo is as a causal conjunction lsquothereforersquo just possibly it might be regarded as an explanatory adverb lsquofor that reasonrsquo In regular usage still current in Scots lsquosynersquo or lsquosinersquo maintains a sense allied to that of lsquosincersquo Chambers Scots Dictionary sv lsquosinersquo lsquo(adv) ago then in that case late (conj) since because therefore sv lsquosinrsquo (adv) since ago since then (prep) since from the time that (conj) since seeing that sv lsquosynersquo (adv) ago since from that time then at that time afterwards next in time in that case late (prep) since (conj) since then thereupon thereforersquo So I donrsquot think lsquosynersquo will do as a translation of lsquomoxrsquo Oddly lsquoanonrsquo has come back into current colloquial English as in lsquoSee you anonrsquordquo (email 12 April 2009)


Dear DrsquoArcy

1 You will no doubt add to LS su στύξ the meaning σκώψ vouched for by Hesychio [sic] su and mentioned in your Glossary p 183 Add there the ref to Hesychios alter the ref to Ant Lib to read 215 (the latest ed divides the chapters into handy sections) and add Hyginus fab 28 where the true reading given by the one MS which survives here is est styx inter columnam sedens ad quam sunt deligati ldquothere is a screech-owl between them sitting on the pillar to which they are boundrdquo (sedere is sometimes trans in late Lat)

And Thompson once again valued Rosersquos correction see LSJ sv στύξ 4 = σκώψ Ant Lib 215 Hygin Fab 284 Rose Hsch cf στρίξ However there is no trace in LSJ sv δενδρολίβανον of a suggestion which Rose made in a letter of 10 November 1932

Dear DrsquoArcy

δενδρολίβανον in Geoponica xi15 title45 must certainly mean frankincense-tree not rosemary whatever it may mean elsewhere See the whole chapter Will you send this to LS or shall I

But at other times the roles were reversed and Rose turned to the scholar-naturalist for enlightenment as in an undated letter whose terminus ante quem can be established on the basis of Thompsonrsquos reply written on 14 October 1928 It should be noted though that Rose warmly addresses the colleague as ldquoMi fraterrdquo

Mi frater

What kind of flower is the καλλίβοτρυς νάρκισσος μεγάλοιν θεοῖν ἀρχαῖον στεφάνωμα of Soph OC 682 Jebbrsquos note proves conclusively that Jebb did not know but very little else and I shall have to tell my class something about it when I read the passage

The postcard which Rose sent on 2 January 1938 from his home at Edgecliff East The Scores St Andrews to Thompsonrsquos house at 44 South Street contains another botanical curiosity

A botanical puzzle for you what plant does Nonnos allude to Dionys xxxii 28ndash30

45 The 1968 supplement of Liddell Scott and Jones alters the reference to Geoponica (11161)


ἀμφὶ δrsquo ἑοῖς πλοκάμοισιν ἐρωτίδα δήσατο ποίην ἣν φιλέει Κυθέρεια καὶ ὡς ῥόδον ὡς ἀνεμώνην

καὶ φορέει μέλλουσα μιγήμεναι υἱέι Μύρρης

Unfortunately the reply is missing as are nearly all the letters from Thompson to Rose but thanks to the note that Rose wrote on this passage of the Dionysiaca for the Loeb editionmdashldquoProbably myrtle which is often associated with the rose and it is of course associated with Myrrhardquo46mdash we can guess how Thompson solved the ldquobotanical puzzlerdquo submitted by Rose

Interesting is also the letter dated 12 February 1940 in which Rose discusses a passage from Aristophanesrsquo Birds 1122 ποῦ ποῦ rsquoστι ποῦ ποῦ ποῦ rsquoστι ποῦ ποῦ ποῦ rsquoστι ποῦ adding a quotation from the Rubaacuteiyaacutet of the Persian poet mathematician and astronomer Omar Khayyaacutem (1048ndash1122) translated into English by Edward Fitzgerald (1809ndash83)47 I shall give it in full

Dear DrsquoArcy

A propos of your Glossary p 242 have you noticed that the second messenger in Ar Birds 1122 is a carrier-pigeon wh [which] is why he comes in cooing like one Omar Khayam has a similar pun if one may trust Fitz-Gerald I saw the solitary Ringdove there And ldquoCoo coo coordquo she cried and ldquoCoo coo coordquo That being I understand the Persian for ποῦ

Yours ever H J Rose

PS Glossary ibid delete the ref to Pausanias which anyhow should be VI93 It was not a φάσσα but a φάσμα which carried the news of Taurosthenesrsquo victory as the gender of the part shows anyhow there seems to be no variant ὑπὸ φάσματος Aelian lc

We do not have Thompsonrsquos answer but the solution that Rose later proposed in The Classical Review ldquoThe Messenger coos simply because he

46 Nonnos Dionysiaca vol 3 (1940) 446nc 47 E Fitzgerald The Rubaacuteiyaacutet of Omar Khayyaacutem rendered into English Verse

(London 1859 5th ed 1889)


is a pigeon a carrier appropriately bringing the newsrdquo48 did not win his approval as we can read in the reply which Thompson published in the same number of the review

Pace Professor Rose (CR liv 79) there is nothing to suggest that the messenger was a bird any more than the herald in the same play He comes running in (τρέχει) as a pigeon would be the last bird to do he comes puffing and panting pouf pouf after his run to tell what the birds are doing and what they did surprised him mightilymdashὄρνιθες οὐδεὶς ἄλλος ὥστε θαυμάζειν ἐμέ49

Apart from these ornithological disagreements the relationship between Rose and the author of A Glossary of Greek Birds50 was invariably productive and they frequently complimented one another If Thompson addressed Rose as ldquoEruditissime carissimerdquo in a letter dated 18 March 1933 Rose when the colleague was knighted celebrated him with an occasional distich written on 11 May 1937

οὐ τόσα σοι τιμῆς ἕνεκα ξυγχαίρομεν ὅσσα εἰδότες ὡς τιμῆς ἄξιός ἐσσι τυχεῖν51

Correspondence with Dorothy L Sayers

The third dossier of correspondence to be discussed is of a different character Not infrequently to paraphrase a passage from Umberto Ecorsquos The Name of the Rose52 letters speak of letters Rose himself mentioned his correspondence with Dorothy L Sayers (1893ndash1957) the inventor of Lord

48 ldquoAristophanes Birds 1122rdquo CR 54 (1940) 79 49 ldquoAristophanes Birds 1122rdquo CR 54 (1940) 188 50 DrsquoArcy W Thompson A Glossary of Greek Birds (Oxford 1895 2nd ed 1936) 51 ldquoNot so much we rejoice with you in your title | as in knowing that you are

worthy of this titlerdquo 52 U Eco The Name of the Rose trans W Weaver (New York 1983) 286

ldquolsquoOften books speak of other books Often a harmless book is like a seed which will blossom into a dangerous book or it is the other way around it is the sweet fruit of a bitter stem In reading Albert couldnrsquot I have learned what Thomas might have said Or in reading Thomas know what Averroes saidrsquo lsquoTruersquo I said amazed Until then I had thought each book spoke of the things human or divine that lie outside books Now I realised that not infrequently books speak of books it is as if they spoke among themselvesrdquo


Peter Wimsey in a letter written to Pettazzoni on Easter Eve (20 April) 1957 in which he referred to the recent death (17 December) of Dantersquos translator adding that she was a wonderful letter writer

Recently we lost a quite prominent figure in modern English literature Dorothy L Sayers who among other very ingenious works was the author of verse translations with brief commentary of Dantersquos Inferno and Purgatorio and was at work on the Paradiso shortly before her last illness I never met her but we corresponded mostly on mythological matters which had puzzled her in elucidating Dante She wrote delightful letters

The correspondence between both Rose and Sayers is preserved in the Marion E Wade Center of Wheaton College Illinois and is part of the collection of Sayers letters (folder 351)53 It amounts to 35 letters 16 from Rose and 19 from Sayers spanning the period from 1946 to 1949 (28 letters) and 1954 to 1957 (7 letters)54 The exchange of letters begins on 22 April 1946 (Easter Monday) Rose after reading a letter that Sayers wrote to his

53 Five volumes of Sayersrsquos letters have been published edited by Barbara Reynolds president of the Dorothy L Sayers Society who completed the translation of Dantersquos Paradise which the famous novelist left unfinished when she died (see below n56) The Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1899ndash1936 The Making of a Detective Novelist (London 1995) The Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1937ndash1943 From Novelist to Playwright (Cambridge 1997) The Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1944ndash1950 A Noble Daring (Cambridge 1998) The Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1951ndash1957 In the Midst of Life (Cambridge 2000) The Letters of Dorothy L Sayers Child and Woman of Her Time A Supplement to The Letters of Dorothy L Sayers (Cambridge 2002) Only one letter of the correspondence alluded to by Rose has been published so far the one Sayer wrote to Rose on 11 June 1957 thanking him for sending his review of Robert Gravesrsquos Greek Myths (1955) that had appeared in CR ns 5 (1955) 208ndash9 see Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1951ndash1957 391ndash93

54 I thank Mrs Jasmine Simeone secretary of the Dorothy L Sayers Society who first provided me with useful details about this correspondence I am grateful also both to Mrs Marjorie Lamp Mead associate director of the Wade Center and Mrs Laura C Schmidt archivist of that institution for helping me to have a copy of these letters and for permission to publish this paper Finally I thank David Higham the Sayers literary executor for permission to photocopy the original material that I am planning to publish


old friend E V Rieu (1887ndash1972) the editor of Penguin Books55 the series in which Sayersrsquos translation of Dantersquos Divina Commedia later appeared56 decided to get in touch with her She was grappling at the time with the mythology in Dantersquos poem Before enlightening Sayers about the identification of the Manto of Inf 2055 and Purg 22113 with the daughter of Teiresias although Dantersquos mention of the Theban prophetess in the second cantica seems unlikely Rose confesses himself an aficionado of Sayersrsquos works ldquoboth Petro-Harriettian and theologicalrdquo57 and at the end of his letter maintains that he is not a Dante-scholar and remains an expert in mythology since there are still some people who expect a professor of Greek to know all the stories

55 Emile V Rieu started working for Methuen Publishing in 1923 becoming director (from 1933 to 1936) and later editorial adviser He is especially known for his translations of Homer and as editor of Penguin Books the series he founded with Sir Allen Lane (1902ndash70) opened in 1946 with Rieursquos translation of Odyssey see L Hardwick in Dictionary of British Classicists Oxford Dictionary of National Biography From the Earliest Times to the Year 2000 ed H C G Matthew and B Harrison (Oxford 2004) Rose studied at Balliol College Oxford as a Rhodes scholar from Canada (1904ndash7) where he met Rieu Dorothy L Sayers was in correspondence with Rieu whom she addresses as ldquoDear Mr Odissey-manrdquo in a letter written on 26 March 1946 see Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1944ndash1950 213 cf for other letters 7ndash8 131ndash34 236 267ndash68 271 344ndash45 368ndash69 408ndash9 445ndash46 455 457ndash58 500ndash502 Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1951ndash1957 49 68ndash69 78ndash79 93ndash94 100ndash101 108ndash10 131ndash32 133ndash35 170 226ndash27 324ndash25 359ndash61 361ndash62 363

56 Sayersrsquos translation of Hell and Purgatory was published between 1949 and 1955 The Comedy of Dante Alighieri the Florentine Cantica I Hell ltLrsquoInfernogt trans D L Sayers (London 1949) The Comedy of Dante Alighieri the Florentine Cantica II (above at n27) After her death Barbara Reynolds completed the translation of Dantersquos Paradise left unfinished by Sayers see The Comedy of Dante Alighieri the Florentine Cantica III Paradise ltIl Paradisogt trans D L Sayers and B Reynolds (London 1962)

57 With ldquoPetro-Harriettianrdquo works Rose refers to Sayersrsquos Lord Peter Wimsey mystery series that began with Whose Body in 1923 Miss Harriett Vane a detective novelist whom Lord Peter falls in love with was introduced by Sayers in Strong Poison (1931) As to the Sayersrsquos theological books we may quote The Greatest Drama Ever Staged (1938) The Mind of the Maker (1941) Creed or Chaos (1949)


17 South Street St Andrews Fife Easter Monday lt1946gt

Dear Miss Sayers

My old acquaintance Rieu has shown me your letter concerning Manto and I write partly in hopes of relieving your distraction partly to tell you how very much I have enjoyed your works both Petro-Harriettian and theological My family also has pretty well read them to pieces The Manto of Inf XX5558 is past all doubt the daughter of Teiresias Dante found her in Vergil Aen X198 sqq

Ocnus fatidicae Mantus et Tusci filius amnis qui muros matrisque dedit tibi Mantua nomen

As to Purg XXII11359 I fear the only possible solution is bonus dormitat Dantes No one would understand la figlia di Tiresia as anyone else Daphne daughter of T occurs only so far as I know in Diod Sic IV656 again inaccessible to Dante That Daphne and Manto are the same person is a reasonable guess Finally Manto daughter of Herakles is but a poor ghost She occurs in one passage of Danielrsquos Servius (Servius auctus) the note on Aen X198 which Dante could hardly know alii Manto filiam Herculis uatem fuisse dicunt Where he got her from no one knows and no one else that I can find seems ever to have heard of her I think you may safely neglect her This I write from but a gentlemanrsquos knowledge of Dante but some acquaintance with mythology for there are still those who postulate of a professor of Greek historias ut nouerit omnis


58 ldquoManto fu che cercograve per terre molte | poscia si puose lagrave dove nacqursquo io | onde un poco mi piace che mrsquoascolterdquo (Inf 2055ndash57) Sayers translates ldquoWas Manto she that searched through many a land | Ere settling in my birthplace thatrsquos a tale | Irsquod like to tellmdashbrief patience then commandrdquo see her note on line 55 ldquoManto the daughter of Tiresias The founding of Mantua by Manto is mentioned in Aeneid x198ndash200rdquo

59 ldquoVeacutedeisi quella che mostrograve Langia | egravevvi la figlia di Tiresia e Teti | e con le suore sue Deiumldamiardquo (Purg 22112ndash14) ldquoShe who led down the troops to the Langeia | There is the daughter of Tiresias there | Thetis and with her sisters Deidamiardquo (trans Sayers)


In reply to his letter Sayers wrote to thank Rose on 24 April 1946 and asked him if she might approach him once again with other mythological puzzles admittingmdasheither with false modesty60 or because she was actually in awe of the St Andrews professor of Greekmdashthat she was lacking in classical education61 and would have needed to find someone to undo the knot as in Dantersquos encounter with Farinata among the heretics in Inf 1095ndash96

But my classical equipment is alas very scanty and ill-fitted for the critical part of my job If I get into any more inextricable tangles in the Classical Department may I approach you with them after the manner of Dante with Farinatamdash

solvetemi quel nodo che qui ha inviluppata mia sentenza62

It would be very kind of you if I might In the meantime I thank you very much again both for your timely help and also for the kind things you say about my booksmdashI am glad you and your family have got enjoyment from Peter and even also from my rash incursions into theologyrdquo

So Rose who quickly responded to her call for help on 26 April 1946

You are of course heartily welcome to write and put before me any other difficulties arising out of mythological allusions and the like Dantersquos classical knowledge was a bit shaky

began to be a sort of ldquomythological consultantrdquo to Sayers for more than 10 years and the notes which Sayers added to her translation of Dante owe

60 See the letter Sayers sent to E V Rieu on 9 September 1949 ldquoIf I have not long been a Dantist I am at least a Romance linguist and to some extent a mediaevalist I was a scholar of my college I am a Master in my University I took First-class Honours and was after all a scholar and poet before I was anything elserdquo (Reynolds Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1944ndash1950 457)

61 Sayers recollects her classical studies at Oxford in ldquoThe Teaching of Latin A New Approachrdquo chap 8 of The Poetry of Search and the Poetry of Statement and Other Posthumous Essays on Literature Religion and Language (London 1963) She speaks of her Latin knowledge in a letter to Rose dated 29 April 1946 ldquoI began to learn Latin at the age of six but it never lsquotookrsquo properly with me If I had been born a mediaeval and could have learnt to speak the stuff I should have been all rightrdquo

62 ldquoPray solve me this perplexity | Which ties my brains in a tight knot indeedrdquo (trans Sayers)


much to this correspondence The Divina Commedia acted as go-between for the Author and the Professor to yield the gift of such charming letters so it could truly be said borrowing the words Dante put in Francescarsquos mouth in the Fifth Circle of Hell

Galeotto fu rsquol libro e chi lo scrisse (Inf 5137) ldquoThe book was Galleot Galleot the complyingrdquo (trans Sayers)

Thus Sayers bowed to the ldquogreat learningrdquo of Rose as we read in a letter written on 8 August 1946

Dear Professor Rose

Here I am again After an interval mostly occupied with the production of a play of mine at Lichfield63 I have returned to cope with Dante and have two little problems to submit to your great learning

and was astonished by this as when after reading a letter from Rose dated 27 January 1949 in which he explained to her who Leontius Pilatus (14th century) author of a Latin translation of the Iliad and the Odyssey was she wrote to him on 1st February 1949

Dear Professor Rose

Is there anything you donrsquot know

Rose for his part writing on 21 December 1946 to thank her for the sending of some ldquodelightful renderings from Danterdquo paid an enthusiastic homage to the inspired translator

Dear Miss Sayers

Many thanks for your delightful renderings from Dante They read like original poems and the Italian does not show through the English which to my mind is the true virtue of a translation I was interested also to learn the rules for writing canzoni though it is not likely I shall compose any myself such talents as I have not lying in that direction

Without a close empathy between them no doubt these letters would not have been written It provides quite a few examples of how learning is

63 Sayers alludes to The Just Vengeance a play commissioned for the 750th anniversary of Lichfield Cathedral and there performed in June 1946 see Letters of Dorothy L Sayers 1944ndash1950 187ndash90


combined with inventiveness It is well known that Rose had a superb memory64 but sometimes it failed him Thus he happened to write to Sayers on 5 November 1947 asking her to give him a reference to a passage in one of Peter Wimseyrsquos detective stories that cited Aeschylusrsquos Prometheus Bound for he wanted to quote it in his commentary on Aeschylus

A small matter of imperfect recollection came up the other day while I was getting on with a commentary on Aeschylus which I work at in spare times There is a detective story in which the detective wrongly but cleverly suggests that ποντίων τε κυμάτων ἀνήριθμον γέλασμα refers to the ldquochucklerdquo of the sea against shingle Is it Lord Peter and if so where It seems to lie between him and Reggie Fortune65 If you remember the passage I should be glad of a reference I want to explain in my note why it is wrong ldquomany-dimpled smile of oceanrdquo but where again I cannot at this distance of time recollect

Sayers too following in Didymos Chalkenterosrsquos footsteps had no precise idea where the passage could be found as she wrote to Rose in a letter dated 11 November 1947 in which she admitted that Peter Wimseyrsquos interpretation was wrong

Dear Professor Rose

Yes it was Peter Wimsey but just at the moment I havenrsquot the faintest notion where I have written fifteen volumes of the blighter and have by this time rapturously forgotten almost everything about them I will try to chase it up or get one of his fans to do it for me I have no doubt Peter is wrong about it It has been objected to before on the grounds that ldquothere are no tides in the Mediterraneanrdquo or (if the Mediterranean is proved to be subject like other parts of the world to the laws of Nature) that if it has tides they do not chuckle I may say that neither Peter nor I originated the interpretationmdashI read it somewhere as an alternative suggestion to PTO66

64 See Lorimer ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 408 65 Reggie Fortune doctor and detective is a famous character of Henry

Christopher Bailey (1878ndash1961) 66 The letter continued on a second page that is now missing as Laura C Schmidt

archivist at the Marion E Wade Center Wheaton College informed me (email 20 January 2009) ldquoI have examined our original copy of the letter you mention and although at one time Irsquom sure there was a second page there is no continuation of the letter as we have it now Since it is a carbon copy the second page might have been


It is unclear how and when Rose tracked down the quotation from The Unsolved Puzzle of the Man with No Face the best story in Sayersrsquos collection Lord Peter Views the Body (1928)67 but he later wrote in his commentary on Aesch Pr 88ndash92

The ingenious suggestion which Miss Sayers puts into the mouth of Lord Peter that the phrase refers to the ldquochucklerdquo of the waves against a beach far below is contrary to the use of γελᾶν which refers to the appearance rather than the sound of a laugh especially when used otherwise than of human beings By calling it ἀνήριθμον Prometheus refers to the proverbially incalculable number of the waves cf eg Theokritos xvi60 Verg G ii108 and for a related idea (the amount of water in the sea) oracle ap Hdt i47368

Another time after getting a letter from Sayers dated 28 April 1948 in which she appeared anxious about her commentary on Dante and puzzled by the old quotations related to the so-called ldquopoetsrdquo

Dear Professor Rose

I am still struggling (at proof stage) with the critical apparatus of the Inferno All Dantersquos mediaeval commentators agree in saying that Saturn (identified after the high Roman fashion with Cronos) is said by ldquothe poetsrdquo to have been the first king of Crete But which ldquopoetsrdquo

Rose tried to console her by explaining the connection of Kronos-Saturn with Crete and how to assess the tradition according to ldquothe poetsrdquo But the letter

removed merely in the course of business or used as scrap paper Unfortunately therersquos no way to tell where the 2nd page carbon copy ended up and as we donrsquot have the original signed letter Irsquom afraid wersquore out of luck for the time being Sorry I could not be of more help Blessings Laurardquo

67 ldquolsquoOne morningmdashit happened to be the Monday morningrsquomdashWimseyrsquos voice became slower and more reluctantmdashlsquohe went down as usual The tide was not yet fully in but he ran out over the rocks to where he knew there was a deep bathing-pool He plunged in and swam about and let the small noise of his jangling troubles be swallowed up in the innumerable laughter of the searsquo lsquoEhrsquo lsquoκυμάτων ἀνήριθμον γέλασμαmdashquotation from the classics So people say it means the dimpled surface of the waves in the sunlightmdashbut how could Prometheus bound upon his rock have seen it Surely it was the chuckle of the incoming tide among the stones that came up to his ears on the lonely peak where the vulture fretted at his heartrsquordquo

68 A Commentary on the Surviving Plays of Aeschylus 1252


that he wrote to her on 30 April 1948 is quite remarkable for other reasons Rose begins with a slightly varied quotation from The Walrus and the Carpenter a narrative poem by Lewis Carroll recited in chapter four of Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There (1872) by Tweedledum and Tweedledee to Alice (ldquolsquoI weep for yoursquo the Walrus said lsquoI deeply sympathizersquordquo) then moves to a sentence from Sayersrsquos Clouds of Witness (1926) where the author used bompstable (ch 6)

ldquoThe glass-blowerrsquos cat is bompstablerdquo said Mr Parker aloud and distinctly ldquoIrsquom charmed to hear itrdquo replied Lord Peter with a friendly grin ldquoHad a good nap old manrdquo ldquoImdashwhatrdquo said Mr Parker ldquoYou said lsquoThe glass-blowerrsquos cat is bompstablersquordquo retorted Lord Peter ldquoItrsquos a perfectly rippinrsquo word but I donrsquot know what you mean by itrdquo ldquoBompstablerdquo said Mr Parker blushing slightly ldquoBompmdashoh well perhaps yoursquore rightmdashI may have dozed offrdquo

a word that does not appear in any dictionary

Dear Miss Sayers

I weep for you the mythologist said I deeply sympathize The tangles of post-classical perversions of mythology are not easy to unravel But here are some pieces of a clue at least First all this stuff about Kronos-Saturn is not honest mythology at all but for the most part Euhemerism and corrupt at that Now comes the question how Dante who knew no Greek and certainly had not read Diodoros got to know all this I suppose the commentators on Vergil would tell him something Servius on Aeneid viii319 says nam Saturnus rex fuit Cretae quem Iuppiter filius bello pepulit hic fugiens ab Iano est susceptus qui regnabat in Italia D I suppose would read Vergil with the help of Servius or of some kind of commentary derived chiefly from him As to some other points Donrsquot be worried by statements late classical or fairly early modern that ldquothe poetsrdquo say this and that They spring from the assumption that mythology was invented by poets So if you find somebody saying that according to ldquothe poetsrdquo the glass-blowerrsquos cat is bomstable [sic] that is simply the older equivalent of a modern dictionary article running thus BOMSTABLE [sic] in mythology an epithet (meaning unknown) of glassblowersrsquocats see D Sayers Cloud of witness p so-and-so


As regards the first quotation from Lewis Carroll Rose who as Lorimer writes ldquowas von Haus aus a lover of stories and story-telling a born court shenachie had his lot been cast in the Middle Agesrdquo69 knew The Walrus and the Carpenter by heart and had often recited the poem to his children70 But it is also likely that a book like Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There a literary jeu drsquoesprit based on a game of chess was a favourite of that ldquowonderful chessplayerrdquo professor Rose As to the second sentence the apt quotation from Clouds of Witness reveals once more that Rose was a devoted reader of her detective novels

rdquoEnchantingrdquo indeed Sayers found this letter writing to Rose on 3 May 1948 In her reply she quoted the words that Dante addressed to Virgil in Inf 1191ndash93 (again a metaphor befitting the knowledge see Inf 1095ndash96 quoted above) and looked forward to acknowledging Rosersquos kindness in the third volume of her translation71 declaring herself her ldquodeeply obliged humble servantrdquo

Dear Professor Rose

Thank you so much for your enchanting letter Please donrsquot weep for me For one thing I can say to you as Dante says to Virgil O Sol che sani ogni vista turbata tu mi contenti sigrave quando tu solvi

69 ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 401 cf Nock ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 425 ldquoHe had a natural feeling for stories as such and a sure instinct for distinguishing earlier and later elementsrdquo

70 Apropos of Rosersquo Gods and Heroes of the Greeks (London 1957) Lorimer ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 403 writes ldquoThough hardly what is ordinarily understood by a childrsquos book it is dedicated lsquoto all the children who like me to tell them storiesrsquomdasha goodly band if we include with them all who as children at any time have listened with wonder and enjoyment to the big man πολλὰ μυθολογοῦντιrdquo

71 See also what Sayers wrote to Rose on 31 October 1949 enclosing a copy of her translation of Dantersquos Inferno ldquoYou will not find in it the acknowledgment of your help and kindness that is your due I am saving all the acknowledgments until (God willing) the work is complete when I shall devote a stately paragraph to themrdquo But death prevented her from finishing her work and putting Rosersquos name in the acknowledgments


che non men che saver dubbiar mrsquoaggrata72 For another I like the mediaevals and am quite used to them I donrsquot mind how post-classical their stories are or how fantastic their etymologies Thank you very much again I will now proceed to polish up my entry on ldquoCreterdquo putting responsibility for Saturnrsquos presence there on Servius73 By the way as the Inferno is already burdened with a long preface and much other preliminary matter I am not giving a list of the many people to whose kindness I am indebted for etc Since I hope (God and the Atom Bomb permitting) one day to finish the job I propose to put all these honoured names together in one list and place them in the Paradiso which I am sure is the most suitable place for them But in case I die before then please be assured that I always remain

Your deeply obliged humble servant

Finally of great interest is the letter which Rose wrote to Sayers on 9 November 1954 to thank her for a copy of her ldquobook on Danterdquo74 for it deals with literary criticism Rose considers the author ldquoan eccentric femalerdquo in finding meaning in the poetry as opposed to that contemporary criticism for which it is nothing but an expression of emotions that could evoke the role of Fregravere Jean des Entommeures one of Rabelaisrsquos most sympathetic characters in the storm at sea in the Quart Livre des faictz et dicts heacuteroiumlques du bon Pantagruel75 and to put it adapting the words from a speech of Patience or Bunthornersquos Bride (1881) the two-act comic opera (music by Arthur Sullivan) of Gilbert (1836ndash1911)76 ldquoThe meaning doesnrsquot matter if itrsquos only

72 ldquoO sun that healest all dim sight thou so | Dost charm me in resolving of my doubt | To be perplexed is pleasant as to knowrdquo (trans Sayers)

73 See her entry ldquoSaturnrdquo in Hell Glossary ldquoSince Zeus-Jupiter was fabled to have been born in Crete (probably by a further identification with some native Cretan god) the connection with Crete was extended to Saturn also so that by the time we get to Servius the commentator of Virgil (fl c AD 400) we find him writing in a note on Aen viii319 lsquofor Saturn was king of Crete and was overthrown in war by his son Jupiter And fleeing hence he was hospitably received by Janus who was then reigning in Italyrsquordquo

74 Probably the Introductory Papers on Dante (London 1954) 75 See F M Weinberg ldquoFregravere Jean Eacutevangelique His Function in the Rabelaisan

Worldrdquo Modern Language Review 66 (1971) 298ndash305 76 ldquoIf yoursquore anxious for to shine in the high aeligsthetic line as a man of culture rare |

You must get up all the germs of the transcendental terms and plant them everywhere | You must lie upon the daisies and discourse in novel phrases of your


idle chatter | Of a Freudo-Jungian kindrdquo Rose however agrees that Dantersquos verses did have a meaning for his learned medieval readers

Dear Miss Sayers

Very many thanks for your book on Dante which came this morning I expect much pleasure and profit from reading it in all probability sandwiched between slices of my old friend Plutarch part of whom I have just got in a new edition77 You are an eccentric female to expect poets to mean something The modern trend of criticism (or is it yesterdayrsquos trend Fashions succeed with dizzying haste these days) seems to be that poets should signify nothing much but evoke emotions after a manner which to my ear suggests the remarks of Fregravere Jehan during the storm As Gilbert might have said if he had been born later

The meaning doesnrsquot matter if itrsquos only idle chatter Of a Freudo-Jungian kind

But of course you are interested in Dante who was so houmlchst unmodern that he actually believed something and could reason about it intelligibly Consequently he committed the gross solecism of writing verses which conveyed some kind of meaning to a reasonably careful reader Perhaps in his corner of the Elysian Authorsrsquo Club he now amuses his fellow-members by remarks not too polite on sundry productions of the last thirty of forty years I send an offprint of a recent paper of mine in which you will see that I assume Dantersquos guide to have attached ideas to his words78

Yours very sincerely H J Rose

complicated state of mind | The meaning doesnrsquot matter if itrsquos only idle chatter of a transcendental kindrdquo

77 Some years later in a letter to Raffaele Pettazzoni dated 23 February 1958 Rose wrote ldquoNow I am looking into the possibility of getting out new editions of two earlier works of mine which are now out of print my edition of the Fabulae of Hyginus (Sijthoff 1934) and The Roman Questions of Plutarch (Clarendon Press 1924) Mais crsquoest toujours la question drsquoargentrdquo Yet Rose did not get a new edition neither of the Roman Questions nor of the Fabulae see however his ldquoSecond Thoughts on Hyginusrdquo Mnemosyne 411 (1958) 42ndash48

78 Rose refers to his ldquoSome Second Thoughts on Vergilrsquos Ecloguesrdquo Mnemosyne 47 (1954) 57ndash68


What Became of Rose79

Before ending my paper I cannot shirk a question that is not marginal namely what of Rose has lasted in the study of ancient religion of mythology and of folklore and folktales80 Even though his lasting legacy in these three fields lies beyond the scope of my present paper I would like to make a few remarks on this subject

As for the first two nearly 100 years after the commented translation of The Roman Questions ldquowas planned and writtenrdquo81 anyone acquainted with Plutarchrsquos book 4 of the Moralia still consults and discusses (even critically) Rosersquos 1924 volume82 and the same goes for the edition of Hyginusrsquos Fabulae he produced in the 1930s83 Even now that for the former work we have the Budeacute volume by Jacques Boulogne84 and for the latter one both Marshallrsquos and Boriaudrsquos editions85 yet his two books on Plutarch and

79 I draw these words from the title of an amusing chapter in the book by Bruce Hayden Cabbage Heads and Chess Kings (London 1960) 155ndash58 (I am indebted for this quotation to the chess historian Alan McGowan Chess Scotland)

80 I quote from the anonymous refereersquos report ldquoWhat of Rosersquos has survived the last fifty 100 years since it was written and is still indispensable to scholars Why should we bother about himrdquo

81 See above at n5 82 See for instance J Scheidrsquos cours at the College of France in 2005ndash6 under the

general title ldquoReligion institutions et socieacuteteacute de la Rome antique Les Questions Romaines de Plutarque Une promenade imaginaire dans la vieille Romerdquo (wwwcollege-de-francefrdefaultENallreg_insresumeshtm) F Mora ldquoNuclei drsquointeresse e strategie interpretative nelle Quaestiones Romanae di Plutarcordquo Gerioacuten 25 (2007) 329ndash70 S Verdegem ldquoPlutarchrsquos Quaestiones Romanae and His Lives of Early Romansrdquo in The Unity of Plutarchrsquos Work ldquoMoraliardquo Themes in the ldquoLivesrdquo Features of the ldquoLivesrdquo in the ldquoMoraliardquo ed A G Nikolaidis Millennium-Studien 19 (BerlinNew York 2008) 171ndash85 at 172ndash77

83 See above at n6 84 Plutarque Œuvres morales vol 4 Conduites meacuteritoires de femmes Eacutetiologies

romainesmdashEacutetiologies grecques Parallegraveles mineurs texte eacutetabli et traduit par J Boulogne Collection des Universiteacutes de France (Paris 2002)

85 Hygini Fabulae ed P K Marshall Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana (StuttgartLepizig 1993 2nd ed MuumlnchenLeipzig 2002) Hygin Fables texte eacutetabli et traduit par J-Y Boriaud Collection des Universiteacutes de France (Paris 1997 2nd ed 2003)


HyginusmdashI am referring particularly to his wide introduction to The Roman Questions and to his copius notes to the edition of Hyginus86mdashwill remain an useful (may I say fundamental) tool for the study of these authors Further the rewrite of his A Handbook of Greek Mythology87 made by R Hard in 200388 and recently also translated into Castellano by J Cano Cuenca89 gives witness to the success of his 1928 book wich had reached a sixth edition by 1958 and had been translated into German in 1955 and into Spanish in 1970 One could also note such a revival of interest in Rosersquos Ancient Greek Religion (1946) and Ancient Roman Religion (1948)90 both reprinted again together in one volume under the title Ancient Greek and Roman Religion in 1995 (the first edition appeared in 1959) and this in despite of being the Rosersquos handbooks representative of authorrsquos era91 Moreover I may mention

86 See the review to Hyginusrsquos reprint edition (1963) by J Preacuteaux AC 34 (1965) 617 ldquoIl reste neacuteanmoins que le futur eacutediteur des Fabulae et souhaitons-le prochain devra tenir le plus grand compte de lrsquoeacutedition de Rose qui lui donnera drsquoabondants mateacuteriaux dans les notes qui en deacutefinitive restent agrave mes yeux lrsquoapport essentiel de cette eacuteditionrdquo Marshall Hygini Fabulae (1993) xiii ldquoqua erat doctrina rerumque mythicarum peritia uerbis Hyginianis plurimam lucem praesertim in Commentario suo infuditrdquo

87 See above at n7 88 The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology based on H J Rosersquos Handbook

of Greek Mythology (LondonNew York 2003) 89 El gran libro de la mitologiacutea griega basado en el manual de mitologiacutea griega de

H J Rose (Madrid 2008) 90 The two little books on Greek and Roman religion were published in

Hutchinsonrsquos University Library series (London) 91 See D Boedeker in Mentor Guide bibliographique de la religion grecque

Bibliographical Survey of Greek Religion ed A Motte et al Kernos Supplement 2 (Liegravege 1992) 618 no 1599 (on Rosersquos Ancient Greek Religion) ldquoIn most respects the Arsquos handbook fairly represents contemporary (1946) scholarly consensusrdquo F Graf in S I Johnston ldquoPanel Discussion Magic in the Ancient World by Fritz Grafrdquo Numen 46 (1999) 291ndash325 at 318n60 (criticizing the idea ldquothat Roman religion was more magical than religious since it placed a high value on ritualrdquo) ldquoAs did to name just one author of an entire generation H J Rose Ancient Roman Religion (London 1948)rdquo see also Lorimer ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 405 ldquoReaders of the Roman volume who do not share the authorrsquos gusto for the details of superstitious ritual might be willing to forgo some of the rites described to make room for a fuller treatment of some of the later developmentsrdquo


here among his numerous scripta minora the two articles on the fragment from Pindar quoted by Plato at Meno 81bndashc (133 Maehl) which Rose published in 1936 and 194392 They contain a convincing interpretation of Persephonersquos grief referred to the loss of her son Dionysus murdered according to the Orphic tradition by Titans with which most modern scholars agree like A Bernabeacute who follows Rose in his edition (2004) of OF 443 (= Pind frg 133 Maehl) l 1 οἷσί κε Φερσεφόνα ποινὰν παλαιοῦ πένθεος brvbar δέξεται (ad loc ldquode Baccho a Titanibus discerpto ut optime explicavit Roserdquo)93

As for the third I need hardly recall that Rose published in 1949 in collaboration with P P Argenti the two magnificent volumes of The Folk-Lore of Chios ldquothe first comprehensive survey of a definite region of modern

92 ldquoThe Ancient Grief A Study of Pindar Fragment 133 (Bergk) 127 (Bowra)rdquo in Greek Poetry and Life Essays Presented to G Murray on His Seventieth Birthday (Oxford 1936) 79ndash96 ldquoThe Grief of Persephonerdquo HTR 36 (1943) 247ndash50

93 Orphicorum et Orphicis similium testimonia et fragmenta Poetae Epici Graeci pars 21 Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana (MuumlnchenLeipzig 2004) 374 I thank Prof Alberto Bernabeacute for expressing to me his own opinion on Rosersquos two articles quoted above ldquoAmbos me parecen trabajos excelentes que muestran una soacutelida forma de aproximarse a los textos un tanto lsquoheterodoxarsquo con respecto a los britaacutenicos reacios a ver en los textos de los grandes poetas el miacutenimo influjo de lo oacuterfico Creo que la argumentacioacuten es muy aceptablerdquo (email 17 January 2010) See also S I Johnston in F Graf and S I Johnston Ritual Texts for the Afterlife Orpheus and the Bacchic Gold Tablets (LondonNew York 2007) 68ndash69 and 196n12 A Bernabeacute and A I Jimeacutenez San Cristoacutebal Instructions for the Netherworld The Orphic Gold Tablets with an iconographical appendix by R Olmos and illustrations by S Olmos [2001] trans M Chase Religions in the Graeco-Roman World 162 (LeidenBoston 2008) 72 M A Santamariacutea Aacutelvarez ldquoPindaro y el orfismordquo in Orfeo y la tradicioacuten oacuterfica Un reencuentro ed A Bernabeacute and F Casadesuacutes (Madrid 2008) 21161ndash84 at 1169ndash70 (with bibliography at 1170n29) Contra R G Edmonds III ldquoTearing Apart the Zagreus Myth A Few Disparaging Remarks on Orphism and Original Sinrdquo Classical Antiquity 18 (1999) 35ndash73 L Brisson ldquoPlaton Pythagore et les Pythagoriciensrdquo in Platon source des Preacutesocratiques Exploration ed M Dixsaut and A Brancacci (Paris 2002) 21ndash46 at 42 J Holzhausen ldquoPindar und die Orphik zu Frg 133 SnellMaehlerrdquo Hermes 132 (2004) 20ndash36 For the Orphic doctrine of original sin cf R G Edmonds III ldquoA Curious Concoction Tradition and Innovation in Olympiodorusrsquo lsquoOrphicrsquo Creation of Mankindrdquo AJP 130 (2009) 511ndash32


Greecerdquo94 and he edited in 1940 and 1960 with W J Watson and D MacLean More West Highland Tales95 still both of them invaluable reference works Should I also add his miscellaneous notes on Canadian English Scottish and Welsh customs appeared regularly in the journal Folklore since 191296 a real folklore treasure for posterity

Desideratum

Almost half a century ago W L Lorimer speaking of the countless articles and reviews produced by the pen of his predecessor wrote that

no account of these [articles and reviews] can be attempted here but the hope may perhaps be expressed that one or more of his old students will undertake the laborious but eminently worthwhile task of compiling a complete bibliography of his writings His intellectual measure cannot be taken from his books alone Many perhaps most of his original contributions to classical learning are to be sought in his numerous articles in journals and it would be a service to scholarship if a selection of these could be made by some expert in his own field and published in book form along with the already suggested bibliography of his writings97

His appeal fell on deaf ears and it is to be hoped that Scotland and first of all St Andrews the university where Herbert Jennings Rose taught for 27 years that town which he loved so much can fulfil such a desideratum and publish both Rosersquos complete bibliography and a selection of his major articles in book form This ldquoservice to scholarshiprdquo even though belated would nevertheless be much appreciated and indeed would be just what that

94 D A Baerreis Folklore 63 (1950) 380ndash81 at 380 See also in the same journal the previous review by R M Dawkins Folklore 61 (1950) 38ndash40 at 40 ldquoHere we have a mass of material such as has not been collected from any other island material of great and indeed permanent value and now made all of it accessible to the English readerrdquo

95 More West Highland Tales orally collected by the late J F Campbell transcribed and translated from the original Gaelic by J G MacKay ed W J Watson D MacLean and H J Rose 2 vols (Edinburgh 1940ndash60 repr 1994)

96 See E H and H J Rose ldquoFolklore Notes from the Province of Quebecrdquo Folklore 23 (1912) 345ndash47 and 462ndash63 The initials ldquoE Hrdquo must probably be referred to Rosersquos wife Eliza Harriet (neacutee Plimsoll)

97 Lorimer ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 407ndash8


ldquobig man with the face of a cheerful kindly Vikingrdquo according to the well-chosen definition by Arthur Darby Nock which I will quote in full deserves

Rose was a big man in personality as in physique healthy in mind and body with the face of a cheerful kindly Viking and with a great sense of fun as well as a high seriousness Wholly without selfconsciousness as also without malice supremely happy in his family relationships infinitely generous in his help and encouragement to younger scholars he loved life and loved the human race98

Appendix

Laudatory address delivered by Arthur A Matheson on the occasion of the honorary degree (LLD) conferred to Herbert J Rose by the University of St Andrews on 29 June 1954 (The Scotsman 30 June 1954)99

The late A E Housman that mighty master of Latin abandoned the study of Greek because as he said he found that he could not attain to excellence in both The graduand vacated a Chair of Latin in order to occupy our Chair of Greek but without prejudice to linguistic versatility Just as he is amphibious in sport so is he also in scholarship in either ancient discipline he has attained to excellence No single wheel for him he rides with ease and skill upon the Classic bicycle It were superfluous in this company sir to rehearse in detail the curriculum vitae of this great man Suffice to say that he came to Britain from Canada as one of the first of the Rhodes Scholars that after a flirtation with Oxford and an episode in Aberystwyth the graduand in 1927 found his true-love St Andrews in Scotland she has had his hearth ever since and he hers an historic and happy union of the Thistle and the Rose He is a polymath in the tradition of the late A E Taylor His prodigious learning lightly carried his acute judgment magnanimously wielded his unflagging zest for life and the humanities his gift for the vigorous phrase his unequalled skill in imparting knowledge his picturesque and powerful personality have made of him a living legend of incarnate mythmdashan appropriate destiny for a pundit of folk-lore It is little wonder that he is a Fellow of the British Academy and of famous learned societies from Italy to Sweden With his admirable handbooks on Greek mythology and

98 Nock ldquoHerbert Jennings Roserdquo 425ndash26 99 Katharine Fewster kindly provided me with a copy of this article


on the Greek and Latin literatures and his profound studies of primitive cultures and of religion in Greece and Rome he has given to hundreds of thousands of readers in many lands something of his own vivid insight into thought and feelings of ancient societies from the most rudimentary to the most sophisticated For the scholar he has produced the first scientific edition of Hyginus and countless contributions to the interpretations of many authors His long-elaborated commentary on Aeschylus is receiving final touches in the house once occupied by Wallace Martin Lindsaymdashquod felix faustumque sit There is an unfortunate provision whereby Professors must retire just at the age when at any rate the more precocious of them might fairly hope to be approximating towards intellectual maturity The graduand albeit rude donatus comes before us to-day in the ample vigour of his prime For this distinguished Grecian our first wish is ldquopolla ta eterdquo we assure him that he has our warmest aspirations for his hours of labour and of leisure alike upon the chequerboard of nights and days

Pisa domenicoaccorintigmailcom


who professed the Solonian motto γηράσκω δrsquo αἰεὶ πολλὰ διδασκόμενος

Otto Skutsch (1906ndash90) in his posthumous essay ldquoRecollections of Scholars I Have Knownrdquo told the following anecdote

[At St Andrews] the Professor in Greek was H J Rose and he seemed to know everything One evening I mentioned to him that I thought I had observed something interesting in the clausulae of St Augustine ldquoYesrdquo said he and went to a drawer to fetch out copious notes he had written on precisely that point For a man whose main interest was religion and folklore that wasnrsquot bad He was a wonderful chessplayer I thought I was reasonably good myself but every time we played he had me tied up in knots after half a dozen moves It was many years later that I got rid of the feeling of inferiority which that gave me It was when Prof Penrose the father of the British chessmaster told me that old players would sometimes wonder what had become of young Rose who had drawn with Capablanca or whoever it was And when they were told that he had become a Professor of Classics they would say ldquoWhat a pityrdquo2

My paper attempts to throw new light on H J Rose Associate Professor of Classics at McGill University Montreal (1911ndash15) Professor of Latin at Aberystwyth (1919ndash27) and later Professor of Greek at the University of St Andrews (1927ndash53) a scholar of great learning a polymath and polyglot (he translated several works in his field from German Italian Dutch Swedish and he also published in 1927 with Thomas Gwynn Jones a translation into Welsh of Greek epigrams ldquoFlowers from an Ancient Gardenrdquo)3 He was also

2 ldquoRecollections of Scholars I Have Knownrdquo ed A Bierl and W M Calder III HSCP 94 (1992) 387ndash408 at 403 Skutsch published two articles in collaboration with Rose ldquoMactare-Maculardquo CQ 32 (1938) 220ndash23 ldquoOnce more lsquomactersquordquo CQ 36 (1942) 15ndash20 Rosersquos natural gifts have been happily rendered by W L Lorimer his successor at St Andrews in an impassioned obituary tribute ldquoHerbert Jennings Rose 1883ndash1961rdquo PBA 48 (1962) 397ndash410 at 408 ldquoA superb memory and vast knowledge were the outstanding elements of Rosersquos intellect But the weight of his learning did not retard his mental movements On the contrary he was extremely agile of mind the hosts of facts were kept in a state of permanent mobilization and ordinarily the particular item or items required on any occasions could be brought into play on the instantrdquo

3 Blodau o Hen Ardd Epigramau Groeg a Lladin (Wrecsam 1927) See A D Nock ldquoHerbert Jennings Rosedaggerrdquo Gnomon 34 (1962) 424ndash26 at 425 ldquolsquoNihil tetigit
























































Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix






























































Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix






















































Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix
















































Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix








































Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix



































Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix





























Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix
























Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix
















Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix










Dear Colleague

















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix





















































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix














































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix




































































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix




























































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix





















































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix













































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix



































Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix





























Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix























Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix


















Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix









Dear Prof Thompson










Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix











Dear DrsquoArcy





Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix








Dear DrsquoArcy



Dear DrsquoArcy



Mi frater










Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix












Dear DrsquoArcy


Yours ever H J Rose




























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix






























Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix




















Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix














Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix









Dear Miss Sayers






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix






















Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix











Dear Professor Rose



Dear Professor Rose



Dear Miss Sayers








Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix











Dear Professor Rose









Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix











Dear Professor Rose










Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix











Dear Miss Sayers





Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix










Dear Professor Rose
















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix


















Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix









Dear Miss Sayers


































Desideratum











Appendix

































Desideratum











Appendix






















Desideratum











Appendix














Desideratum











Appendix









Desideratum











Appendix










Appendix










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The Scholar and His Correspondents, ICS, 33-34

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