EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA, THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM, CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
EDU555 Curriculum and Instruction
Encik Muhamad Furkan Mat Salleh
Overview
1) Education System in Malaysia
2) National Education Philosophy (NEP)
3) Goals of Education
4) CDD – Roles and Functions
5) Curriculum Conceptual Framework, School System
and Curricular Emphasis
6) Pre-school to Secondary School Curriculum
7) Aspects taught across the curriculum
8) Science Curriculum for Secondary and Primary
Schools
EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
Education in Malaysia
• The education system in Malaysia is centralized and top-down • Overseen by the Ministry of Education (MoE).
• Each state and federal territory has an Education Department to co-ordinate educational matters.
• The main legislation governing education is the Education Act of 1996.
• The Malaysian government provides free education for primary and secondary level 11 years for each student
EDUCATION SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
MINISTRY
OF EDUCATION
STATE EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL
DISTRICT EDUCATION
OFFICE
STATE EDUCATION DIRECTOR
Primary School
Secondary School
DISTRICT EDUCATION OFFICER
Primary School
Secondary School
PRINCIPAL, HEADMASTER, SENIOR
ASSISTANTS,
HEAD OF PANEL,
Teachers
Students
MINISTER OF EDUCATION
Centralized, top-down system
Standardized curriculum prepared by CDD
Primary Education
• Primary Education is compulsory in Malaysia Multilingual public schools
Private schools
Home education / Homeschooling
• Children enter primary schools at age 7 for a period of 6 years
• There are 2 different types of government-run primary schools: National schools normal government schools
National type schools vernacular schools which have either Chinese or Tamil as the main language for instruction
Secondary Education
• Secondary Education is divided into the following phases:
• Transitional Class
• Only for national-type primary school students who have failed Malay Language subject in UPSR
• Lower Secondary
• First 3 years (Form 1 to 3)
• General education
• Upper Secondary
• Following 2 years (Form 4 and 5)
• Either the arts or the science stream according to personal choice and teacher advice
Secondary Education
• Secondary schools are subdivided into 3 types:
National schools
National type schools
Religious schools
• Other types of government or government-aided
secondary schools:
Religious Secondary School (Sekolah Menengah Agama)
Technical Schools (Sekolah Menengah Teknik)
Fully Residential Schools (Sekolah Berasrama Penuh)
MARA Junior Science College (Maktab Rendah Sains MARA)
Secondary Education
• The Cluster School of Excellence • a merit system implemented in Malaysia
• granted to High Achieving Schools
• given wider autonomy in administration
• extra allocation for advancement of specific fields like academics, sports and extra-curricular activities.
• Admissions are very selective • reserved for students who demonstrate outstanding academic
achievement and potential at the primary level.
• These schools are either full-time day or boarding schools.
Post Secondary Education
• Students from public secondary school would have
choices of:
Studying Form 6 for STPM
The matriculation
• Some universities also offer foundation and diploma
program for post-secondary students
Tertiary Education
• Currently, the number of tertiary institutions in Malaysia
are as follow:
37 private universities
20 private university colleges
7 foreign university branch campuses
414 private colleges
NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY
“Education in Malaysia is an ongoing effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner so as to produce individuals who are
intellectually, spiritually, emotionally, physically balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to
God. Such an effort is design to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards, and who are responsible and capable of achieving
a high level of personal well-being as well as being able to contribute to the betterment of the family, the society and the
nation at large”
GOALS OF EDUCATION
1. To Achieve National Unity.
2. To Produce Quality Manpower for National Development.
3. To Achieve Democratization of Education.
4. To Inculcate Positive Values.
CDD - VISION
QUALITY SCHOOL CURRICULUM
FOR WORLD CLASS EDUCATION
CDD - MISSION
To develop an integrated school curriculum for the holistic development of the individuals’ full potential to fulfill
the aspirations of the nation.
CDD - AIMS
The development of the school curriculum towards increasing the quality of education in line with the National Philosophy of Education
CDD - ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
1. Design and develop the school curriculum
2. Disseminate and implement curriculum
3. Monitor curriculum implementation
4. Prepare curriculum support materials
5. Conduct research for the development and evaluation of curriculum
THE NATIONAL CURICULUM IN THE 1996 EDUCATION ACT
“... an educational programme that includes curriculum and co-curricular activities which
encompasses all the knowledge, skills, norms, values, cultural elements and beliefs to help develop a pupil fully with respect to the physical, spiritual,
mental and emotional desirable moral values and to transmit knowledge”
Educational Act 1996
[Education (National Curriculum) Regulation 1997]
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CYCLE
NEEDS ANALYSIS
PLANNING
DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT
PILOT STUDY/LIMITED
IMPLEMENTATION
CURRICULUM DISSEMINATION AND TRAINING
DISSEMINATION & IMPLEMENTATION
EVALUATION & SUPERVISION
Implementation &
monitoring
AIMS OF EDUCATION
CORE OF CURRICLUM
DEVELOPMENT
-National Philosophy of Education
-National Education Policy
-Vision 2020
-National Long Term Plan
-New Economic Model
-Current World Trends
-Learning Theories
-4 Pillars of Education (UNESCO)
A learner who is intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically balanced -Knowledgeable -Towering personality -Believe in God -Desirable Values -Confident
Global Player -Competitive -Resilient -Able to communicate in English/International Language -Self Dignity
Responsible Citizens -Courteous -United -Patriotic -Fair -loving Serve the country
Knowledge Worker -Innovative -Creative -Thirst for knowledge -Master ICT Skills -”Creator of Technology” -Life-long learning
CURRICULUM CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
CONSIDERATIONS
• NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
• Economy
• Unity
• Information Technology
• Science and Technology
• Socio-Culture
• INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT
• Human Capital Development
• Development of a Malaysian citizen
• LEARNING THEORY
• Multiple Intelligences
• Emotional Intelligence
• NATIONAL EDUCATION PHILOSOPHY
• Education is an on-going process
• Holistic and integrated development of an individual (intellect, spiritual, emotional and physical)
• 4 PILLARS OF EDUCATION (UNESCO)
• Learning to know
• Learning to do
• Learning to be
• Learning to live together
PRESCHOOL, PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL
CURRICULUM
• SUBJECTS
• Compulsory
• Core
• Additional
• Elective
• SPECIAL PROGRAMMES
• Patriotism
• Environmental Education
• Reproductive and Social Education
• Preventive Education on Drug Addiction
• Computer in Education
• Special Programme for the Indigenous People
CLASSROOM PRACTICES
• TEACHING & LEARNING STRATEGIES (STUDENT-CENTERED)
• Enquiry
• Integration of discipline
• Integration of knowledge and practice
• Enrichment and intervention
• Critical and creative thinking
• Mastery learning
• Learning how to learn
• Genre writing
• Scientific process skills
• Contextual learning
• Fun learning
• Generic skills
• Future studies
• Integrative learning system
• Aspects across the curriculum
• ASSESSMENT
• Assessment for Learning
• School-based Assessment
• Centralised Assessment
OUTCOME
• INDIVIDUALS
• K-Worker
• IT Literate
• Skilful
• Patriotic
• Possess high moral values
• Socially united
• Respects the environment
• Critical and creative
• Resilient and have self dignity
• Innovative
• Ethical and respects own and other peoples’ culture
THE SCHOOL CURRICULUM
SCHOOL SYSTEM AND CURRICULAR EMPHASIS UPPER SECONDARY
(FORM 4 - 5) development of aptitude & interests, development of
personality, attitude & values, specialization, career & higher education
TRANSITION CLASS (13 year olds)
reinforcement & enhancement of National Language
LOWER SECONDARY (FORM 1 - 3)
general education, consolidation of skills acquired at primary & pre-vocational level, development of aptitude
& values
PRIMARY LEVEL II (YEAR 4 - 6)
reinforcement & application of 3Rs, complex skills, acquisition of knowledge, pre-vocational education,
development of personality, attitude & values.
PRIMARY LEVEL I (YEAR 1 – 3)
mastery of 3Rs, development of personality, attitude & values.
PRESCHOOL socialization process, personality
development, preparation for primary schooling.
THE PRESCHOOL CURRICULUM
EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT
FOCUSES • HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT • LEARNING IS FUN • MEANIGFUL LEARNING • LIFELONG LEARNING
OUTCOMES • COMPETENT IN LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION • THINKING SKILLS • HIGH MORAL VALUES • SELF CONFIDENT & DISCIPLINED • HEALTHY & ACTIVE • CREATIVE, IMAGINATIVE & EXPRESSIVE
SPIRITUAL & MORAL
SOSIOEMOTIONAL
LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION
READINESS FOR SCHOOL
SUITABLE
CLASSROOM
PRACTICE
SUITABLE
CLASSROOM
PRACTICE
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL (ICPS)
COMMUNICATION
Basic Literacy 3Rs (Reading, Writing & Arithmetic)
Languages
Mathematics
MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT
Spiritual, Moral and Attitude, and Man and His Surroundings
Islamic Education Moral Education
Science Local Studies
INDIVIDUAL SELF DEVELOPMENT
Arts and Recreation
Living Skills
Music Arts Education
Physical and Health Education
PUPILS
PRINCIPLES OF THE INTEGRATED CURRICULUM FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL
Equal Education for All
Emphasis on Noble Values
The Use of Existing Knowledge & Skills –
to relate with the classroom activities
Development of Individual (Integration of
Intellectual, Spiritual, Emotional &
Physical Aspects)
Principles of ICPS
Enhancing the Use of Bahasa Melayu
and Other Languages (English, Chinese, Tamil)
Life-Long Education
THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ICPS
AREAS COMPONENTS PHASE I PHASE II
COMMUNICATION Basic Skills Bahasa Melayu, English Language, Chinese Language, Tamil Language, Mathematics
Bahasa Melayu, English Language, Chinese Language, Tamil Language, Mathematics
MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT
Spirituality, Values and Attitudes, Humanities and Environment
Islamic Education, Moral Education, Science
Islamic Education, Moral Education, Science
Local Studies
SELF DEVELOPMENT Living Skills, Art and Recreation, Co-Curriculum
Music Education, Visual Art Education, Physical Education, Health Education
Living Skills, Music Education, Visual Art Education, Physical Education, Health Education
LANGUAGES TAUGHT AT THE PRIMARY SCHOOL
Bahasa Melayu – Medium of Instruction in National Schools
Aims of the language Develop the child fully (intellectual, spiritual, emotional & physical)
Inculcate and develop desirable moral values
Transmit knowledge
Create a united Malaysian race
Numbers of hours taught in primary schools National Schools
Year 1, 2 and 3 360 minutes a week
Year 4, 5 and 6 300 minutes a week
Vernacular Schools
Year 1, 2 and 3 270 minutes a week
Year 3, 4, 5 and 6 180 minutes a week
(Taught as a second language)
Design of the National Standard based Preschool and Primary School Curriculum
Communication
Integration of linguistic skills during interaction
through verbal and non-verbal codes in Bahasa
Malaysia, English, Chinese and Tamil
Spiritual, attitude and values
Internationalisation of religious practices,
beliefs, attitude and values.
Science and Technology
Mastery of scientific knowledge and
skills.
Mastery of mathematical knowledge and
skills.
Mastery of technology-based knowledge
and skills
Humanistic
Mastery of knowledge and practices
regarding social sciences, local
environment, country and global,
internalisation of patriotism and unity.
Personal Development
Nurturing and developing leadership and
attitude through curricula and co-curricula
activities.
HOLISTIC
INDIVIDUAL
CRITICAL &
CREATIVE THINKING
INNOVATIVE
STANDARD-BASED CURRICULUM (2011)
Content Standard Specific statements about what a learner should know and be able to perform in a stipulated schooling duration involving knowledge,
skills and values
Learning Standard
A prescribed criteria or indicator on the quality of learning and achievement which is measurable for each content standard
Concept Based on the National Philosophy of Education
Based on the principles of ICPS
Standard-base
KSPK & KSSR Kurikulum Prasekolah Kebangsaan
(National Preschool Curriculum)
Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah
(Primary School Standard Based
Curriculum)
Curricula Materials
Standard documents
Teaching modules
Learning modules
Assessment
Formative and on-
going
Enhancement,
enrichment
Curriculum
Design
Based on 6 Thrusts
in NKRAs
Enhance the Malay language and Strengthen English
1 October 2009
MBMMBI
STRATEGIES
• Curriculum Transformation – modular approach; “back-to-basics”; skills-based; integration of new technologies
• Enhance teacher capacity
• Development and provision of materials to support classroom teaching
• Curriculum leadership training
NKRA: Widening Access to Quality and affordable Education
NKPI 3.2: All children without any learning difficulties will
acquire basic literacy and numeracy after 3 years of primary education by the Year 2013
BASIC LITERACY AND NUMERACY 3R Skill Year 1 Year 2 Year 3
Read Understand
and use
Minimum of 500 simple
common words
Minimum of 800 simple
common words
Minimum of 1000 simple
common words
Write Able to read,
write and
understand
Simple sentences Simple and compound
sentences with the
conjunction ‘and’
Simple and compound
sentences with the
conjunction ‘and’ in short
paragraphs
Arithmetic
Whole
Numbers
Read, write,
count and
order
Numbers up to 50 Numbers up to 100 Numbers up to 1000
Basic
Operations
Know Basic addition and
subtraction facts
Basic addition and
subtraction, multiplication
(for 2, 5 & 10) and
division (for 2, 5 & 10)
Basic addition and
subtraction, multiplication
(for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 9) and
division (for 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 &
9)
Application Able to •Count money up to
RM10
•State time of day
•Measure length of
objects in relative units
•Count money up to
RM50
•State time in hours on
an analogue clock
•Measure length of
objects in correct units
•Count money up to RM100
•State time in hours on an
analogue clock
•Measure length of objects
in correct units (in cm only)
PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED CURRICULUM FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
General Education for All Students
Integration of Intellectual, Spiritual, Emotional &
Physical Aspects
Enhancing the Use of Bahasa Melayu
Principles of ICSS The Use of Existing Knowledge
Areas/Disciplines
Emphasis on Noble Values
Life-Long Education
Continuity Between Primary & Secondary Education
ASPECTS TAUGHT ACROSS THE CURRICULUM
Drugs prevention education
Family health education
Bahasa melayu
Moral values education
Integration of science elements
Science & technology
Environmental studies
Critical & creative thinking skills
Parental education
Road safety education
Future studies
Consumerism education
Study skills
IT
MORAL VALUES
KINDNESS SELF-RELIANCE INTEGRITY RESPECT LOVE
JUSTICE FREEDOM COURAGE
MENTAL &
PHYSICAL
CLEANLINESS
HONESTY
DILIGENCE COOPERATION MODERATION GRATITUDE RATIONALITY
PUBLIC
SPIRITEDNESS PATRIOTISM
SCIENCE SECONDARY SCHOOL CURRICULUM