The Scientific Method? What’s it all about?

•It’s a process which outlines a series of steps used to answer questions.

•In other words, it’s a way to solve a problem.

LET’S

INVESTIGATE:

The Scientific Method

Scientists take time to think logically when they are investigating a question or problem.

They break things down into many steps that make sense.

1. Observe FIRST. Make an OBSERVATION, ask a QUESTION or IDENTIFY a problem.

2. Gather information and form a HYPOTHESIS.

3. Create an EXPERIMENT to test your hypothesis.

4. Collect DATA and OBSERVATIONS by doing the experiment.

5. Draw a CONCLUSION.

6. SHARE your findings.

OBSERVE and ask questions

All investigations start with a question !

Do plants need water to grow?Does exercise

make your heart beat

faster?

What question could these children be investigating?

What are they predicting will happen?

A HYPOTHESIS is the same thing as a prediction. It is an EDUCATED GUESS or what you think is going to happen in your experiment. Example: I think that

the plant with the fertilizer is going to grow more than the others…..

You need to give a reason why your hypothesis is correct.

Example: …..because fertilizer is the best type of plant food.

What are these two finely dressed children

investigating?

Write an HYPOTHESIS that they might be

testing?

The next step scientists take is to create and conduct an experiment to test their experiment.

Includes two groups: A Control group and an Experimental group.

Control Group is all the factors that are held constant. This is needed for comparison!

Example: I will only change the “food source” of the plant. My control group will be the type of plant, the size of cup, the same amount of soil, water and sun.

In every experiment, we change 1 thing, this is

called a variable.

Example:

I will only change the kind of “food source” in my experiment to test which is better in helping plants grow. (one will have sugar, one will have fertilizer, one will have soda, one will have gatorade)

There are 2 Variables There are 2 Variables in an experiment!!in an experiment!!

Independent Variable The result. It’s what

happened. What you measure.

The response. Example: Plant Growth

The factor you purposely change/manipulate. It’s the thing you are testing.

Dependent Variable

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What are these children investigating?

What do you think is their variable? How did they make it a fair test?

A key to experiments A key to experiments is observing what is observing what happens and writing happens and writing it down.it down.

Gathering information or data is very important. Write it down so it is readable and makes sense to other people who read it.

After the experiment, you need to write in detail what happened in your experiment.

Example: What happened? The plant growth was higher in the plant that had the fertilizer than in the plants that had sugar, soda and gatorade.

You need to look back at your HYPOTHESIS and see if you were correct!

Example: Are your results what you predicted? Yes, I thought that the fertilizer would be the best for plant growth and the results of my experiment proved that this was true.

Your hypothesis does not have to

be correct!!

You need to explain (give

reasons why) your hypothesis was right or wrong.

Example: The plant with the fertilizer grew 2 feet and the others either did not grow or only grew 6 inches, concluding the fertilizer was the best source for plant growth.

Once a Once a scientist scientist completes an completes an experiment, experiment, they often they often repeat it to see repeat it to see if they get the if they get the same findings same findings and results.and results.

This is really what we call verification, or checking things out to make sure everything is

valid and will happen again and again.

Scientists share their experiments Scientists share their experiments and findings with others.and findings with others.

Scientists can learn from each other and often use someone

else’s experiences to help them with what they are studying or

doing.

Theory vs. HypothesisTheory vs. Hypothesis

Theory- A well tested explanation that brings together many observations. It’s not a law and not absolute truth!Supported by lots of experimenting

by lots of scientists.

Hypothesis- A proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations.