The Scramble for Africa

European ColonialismEuropean Colonialism

European ColonialismEuropean Colonialism Although the slave trade was Although the slave trade was

banned across Europe in the banned across Europe in the early 1800’s, Europeans did not early 1800’s, Europeans did not loose their interest in Africaloose their interest in Africa

It was during this time( between It was during this time( between thethe mid 1700’smid 1700’s & & early early 1900’s1900’s) ) that the “Industrial that the “Industrial Revolution” beganRevolution” began

The Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution was a was a period of change during whichperiod of change during which goods began to be mass goods began to be mass produced by power-driven produced by power-driven machinesmachines

During this time, many During this time, many inventions were created (steam inventions were created (steam engine, steam ship, train, engine, steam ship, train, telegraph, electricity, telephone, telegraph, electricity, telephone, automobiles…etc) that changed automobiles…etc) that changed peoples lives foreverpeoples lives forever

Fueled by coal, the invention Fueled by coal, the invention of the steam engine helped of the steam engine helped start the Industrial Revolution start the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain and around in Great Britain and around the worldthe world

European ColonialismEuropean Colonialism Due to the Industrial Due to the Industrial

Revolution, economies Revolution, economies had changed in Europe had changed in Europe and The United Statesand The United States

There was a great need There was a great need for for raw materialsraw materials to be to be used in the factoriesused in the factories

Africa could supply Africa could supply both raw materials both raw materials (such as minerals) as (such as minerals) as well as new markets for well as new markets for manufactured goods manufactured goods (places to sell the stuff)(places to sell the stuff)

The scramble for The scramble for control of Africa begancontrol of Africa began

Examples of Raw Examples of Raw Materials Found in Materials Found in

AfricaAfrica CopperCopper CottonCotton RubberRubber Palm OilPalm Oil CocoaCocoa DiamondsDiamonds GoldGold TeaTea TinTin

Explorers and MissionariesExplorers and Missionaries

Europeans knew little about the interior Europeans knew little about the interior of Africa, but many were curiousof Africa, but many were curious

By 1835, European explorers had By 1835, European explorers had mapped most of Northwestern Africamapped most of Northwestern Africa

By the end of the 1800’s, explorers had By the end of the 1800’s, explorers had charted the Nile to it’s source and been charted the Nile to it’s source and been exposed to most of Africa’s interiorexposed to most of Africa’s interior

ScientistsScientists and and explorersexplorers were interested were interested in African in African wildlifewildlife and and natural resourcesnatural resources

European missionaries also traveled to European missionaries also traveled to AfricaAfrica

Explorers and MissionariesExplorers and Missionaries

A A missionarymissionary is a person who goes to is a person who goes to another country to do religious and another country to do religious and social worksocial work

Missionaries wanted to convert Africans Missionaries wanted to convert Africans to Christianity and bring education and to Christianity and bring education and healthcare to Africa Although healthcare to Africa Although missionaries did many positive things missionaries did many positive things for the African people, they also taught for the African people, they also taught European ways of thinking, which often European ways of thinking, which often conflicted with and destroyed African conflicted with and destroyed African traditionstraditions

Competition for AfricaCompetition for Africa In the 19In the 19thth century, European nations began to century, European nations began to

compete for control of Africa by using Imperialism compete for control of Africa by using Imperialism and Colonialismand Colonialism

ImperialismImperialism is the practice of one country is the practice of one country controlling the government and economy of controlling the government and economy of another country or territoryanother country or territory

By this time, Africa was one of the last places on By this time, Africa was one of the last places on earth untouched by European Imperialismearth untouched by European Imperialism

A part of imperialism is colonialism A part of imperialism is colonialism ColonialismColonialism is the system by which a country is the system by which a country

maintains colonies outside it’s bordersmaintains colonies outside it’s borders Each European country wanted to expand their Each European country wanted to expand their

territory by having the biggest/richest colonies and territory by having the biggest/richest colonies and control of tradecontrol of trade

Scramble for AfricaScramble for Africa

Competition for AfricaCompetition for Africa

To avoid wars over territory, European To avoid wars over territory, European nations began to meet and discuss how to nations began to meet and discuss how to divide Africa in 1884divide Africa in 1884

NoNo Africans were consulted Africans were consulted Over the next 20 years, Belgium, France, Over the next 20 years, Belgium, France,

the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal and the Ottoman Empire Spain, Portugal and the Ottoman Empire all established colonies in Africaall established colonies in Africa

By 1912, only 2 of Africa’s nations By 1912, only 2 of Africa’s nations remained independentremained independent

European Colonies in Africa, European Colonies in Africa, 19121912

What 2 countries What 2 countries remained remained independent in independent in 1912?1912?

What country What country controlled most of controlled most of the Sahara?the Sahara?

What country What country controlled South controlled South Africa?Africa?

Impact of Colonial RuleImpact of Colonial Rule

When Europeans divided Africa, most When Europeans divided Africa, most colonizers cared mainly about gold, diamonds colonizers cared mainly about gold, diamonds and other resourcesand other resources

Europeans knew little about Africa’s political Europeans knew little about Africa’s political and social systemsand social systems

Europeans looked down on Africa’s rich Europeans looked down on Africa’s rich cultures and tried to make Africans more like cultures and tried to make Africans more like EuropeansEuropeans

Europeans also worsened conflicts among Europeans also worsened conflicts among ethnic groups (many of these conflicts exist to ethnic groups (many of these conflicts exist to this day)this day)

Colonialism: Political CartoonColonialism: Political Cartoon

In the following slide you will see a 1892 In the following slide you will see a 1892 drawing of a British imperialist that drawing of a British imperialist that illustrates the United Kingdoms claim on illustrates the United Kingdoms claim on AfricaAfrica

In the late 1800’s, many European In the late 1800’s, many European nations wanted to control a piece of the nations wanted to control a piece of the continentcontinent

By the early 1900’s, all but two African By the early 1900’s, all but two African nations were colonized by European nations were colonized by European powerspowers

Colonialism: Political CartoonColonialism: Political Cartoon“Who owns a country?”“Who owns a country?”

Who owned Africa: the Who owned Africa: the Africans or the Europeans?Africans or the Europeans?

What do you think Africans What do you think Africans thought about this?thought about this?

Why do you think the artist Why do you think the artist drew the British man with drew the British man with his feet planted on Egypt his feet planted on Egypt and South Africa?and South Africa?

What do you think is the What do you think is the significance of the string in significance of the string in his hands?his hands?

What are the benefits and What are the benefits and disadvantages of being a disadvantages of being a colony?colony?

Colonialism: Political CartoonColonialism: Political Cartoon“Who owns a country?” Explained“Who owns a country?” Explained

"The Rhodes Colossus." This British "The Rhodes Colossus." This British cartoon illustrates the dream of imperialist cartoon illustrates the dream of imperialist Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) to build a Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) to build a railroad from Cape Colony in South Africa railroad from Cape Colony in South Africa to Cairo in Egypt, and thus assure British to Cairo in Egypt, and thus assure British rule over a large part of Africa. Rhodes rule over a large part of Africa. Rhodes formed the De Beers Consolidated Mines formed the De Beers Consolidated Mines Company in 1888 and amassed a huge Company in 1888 and amassed a huge fortune from his effective monopoly of fortune from his effective monopoly of world diamond production. world diamond production.

Raw Materials Political CartoonRaw Materials Political Cartoon

Who do you think Who do you think the snake the snake entangling the man entangling the man represents?represents?

A hard-hitting 1906 A hard-hitting 1906 PunchPunch cartoon cartoon depicting King depicting King Leopold II of Leopold II of Belgium as a rubber Belgium as a rubber vine entangling a vine entangling a Congolese man.Congolese man.

Colonialism in Africa: Causes & Colonialism in Africa: Causes & EffectsEffects

CausesCauses Industrial Industrial

RevolutionRevolution Access to Raw Access to Raw

MaterialsMaterials Create New Create New

Markets for Markets for Goods (places to Goods (places to sell stuff)sell stuff)

Expand TerritoryExpand Territory

EffectsEffects Africa Split up Between Africa Split up Between

European CountriesEuropean Countries Africans Robbed of Their Africans Robbed of Their

Way LifeWay Life Elements of European Elements of European

Culture still found in Culture still found in Africa (Religion, Africa (Religion, Language…etc)Language…etc)

Worsened conflicts Worsened conflicts amongst ethnic groupsamongst ethnic groups

Many African countries Many African countries did not gain did not gain independence until after independence until after WWIWWI

Many Civil Wars in Africa Many Civil Wars in Africa Since (Initially, a lot of Since (Initially, a lot of corrupt/weak corrupt/weak governments…etc)governments…etc)

Dates of African IndependenceDates of African Independence When did When did

countries like countries like Egypt, South Egypt, South Africa & Ethiopia Africa & Ethiopia gain their gain their independence?independence?

How many How many countries did not countries did not gain their gain their independence independence until the 1980’s?until the 1980’s?