The Silmarillion.docx

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The Silmarillion

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The Silmari lli on

1977 George Allen & Unwin hardback edition.

Author J. R. R. Tolkien

Country United Kingdom

Language English

Genre Mythopoeia

Fantasy

Publisher George Allen & Unwin(UK)

Publication date 1977

Media type Print (hardback & paperback)

Pages 365

ISBN 0-04-823139-8

OCLCNumber 3318634
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Dewey Decimal 823/.9/12

LC Classification PZ3.T576 Si PR6039.O32

The Silmarill ion/slmrln/is a collection ofJ. R. R. Tolkien'smythopoeicworks, edited and published

posthumously by his sonChristopher Tolkienin 1977, with assistance fromGuy Gavriel Kay,[1]

who later became a

notedfantasywriter. The Silmarillion, along with J. R. R. Tolkien's other works, forms an extensive, though

incomplete, narrative that describes the universe of E in which are found the lands ofValinor,Beleriand,Nmenor,

andMiddle-earthwithin whichThe HobbitandThe Lord of the Ringstake place.

After the success of The Hobbit, and prior to the publication of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien's publisher requested a

sequel to The Hobbit, and Tolkien sent them an early draft of The Silmarillion. But through a misunderstanding, the

publisher rejected the draft without fully reading it, with the result that Tolkien began work on "A Long Expected

Party", the first chapter of what he described at the time as "a new story about Hobbits", which became The Lord of the

Rings.[2]

The Silmarillioncomprises five parts. The first part,Ainulindal,tells of the creation ofE,the "world

that is".Valaquenta,the second part, gives a description of theValarandMaiar,the supernatural powers in E. The

next section,Quenta Silmarillion,which forms the bulk of the collection, chronicles the history of the events before

and during theFirst Age,including the wars over theSilmarilswhich gave the book its title. The fourth

part,Akallabth,relates the history of the Downfall of Nmenor and its people, which takes place in theSecond Age.

The final part,Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age,is a brief account of the circumstances which led to and were

presented in The Lord of the Rings.

The five parts were initially separate works, but it was the elder Tolkien's express wish that they be published

together.[1]

Because J. R. R. Tolkien died before he finished revising the various legends, Christopher gathered

material from his father's older writings to fill out the book. In a few cases, this meant that he had to devise completely

new material in order to resolve gaps and inconsistencies in the narrative.[3]

Contents

[hide]

1 Overview

2 Synopsis

o 2.1Ainulindaland Valaquenta

o 2.2 Quenta Silmarillion

o 2.3Akallabth

o 2.4 Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age

3 Concept and creation

o 3.1 Development of the text

o 3.2 Posthumous publication
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o 3.3 Influences

4 Critical response

5 Music inspired by The Silmarillion

6 See also

7 Notes

8 References

9 Further reading

10 External links

Overview[edit]

The Silmarillion, like Tolkien's otherMiddle-earth writings,was meant to have taken place at some time in Earth's

past.[4]

In keeping with this idea, The Silmarillionis meant to have been translated fromBilbo'sthree-

volumeTranslations from the Elvish,which he wrote while atRivendell.[5]

Among the notable chapters in the book are:

"The Music of the Ainur"

"Quenta Silmarillion" (the history of theSilmarilsand the war of theNoldoragainstMorgoth)

"OfBerenandLthien"

"Trin Turambar"(closely associated with "Narn i Chn Hrin: The Tale of the Children of Hrin"inUnfinished

TalesandThe Children of Hrin)

"OfTuorand The Fall ofGondolin"

"Of the Voyage ofErendiland theWar of Wrath"

The inside title page contains an inscription written inTengwar.In the common script, it reads "The tales of the First

Age whenMorgothdwelt in Middle-earth and theElvesmade war upon him for the recovery of the Silmarils to which

are appended the downfall of Nmenor and the history of the Rings of Power and the Third Age in which these tales

come to their end."

Synopsis[edit]

The Silmaril li on

Ainulindal

Valaquenta

Quenta Silmarillion

Akallabth

Of the Rings of Power

and the Third Age

V
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Silmarillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Silmarillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Silmarillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of_the_Rings_of_Power_and_the_Third_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Of_the_Rings_of_Power_and_the_Third_Agehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akallab%C3%AAthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quenta_Silmarillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valaquentahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ainulindal%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silmarillion&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elf_(Middle-earth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tengwarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Wrathhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%C3%A4rendilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gondolinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfinished_Taleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfinished_Taleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narn_i_Ch%C3%AEn_H%C3%BArinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BArin_Turambarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BAthienhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noldorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmarilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-BoLTF-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivendellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Book_of_Westmarchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilbo_Bagginshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle-earth_writingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silmarillion&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#Noteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#Music_inspired_by_The_Silmarillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#Critical_responsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#Influences


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T

E

Ainulindaland Valaquenta[edit]

Main articles:AinulindalandValaquenta

The first section of The Silmarillion,Ainulindal("The Music of theAinur"[6]

), takes the form of a primary creation

narrative. Eru ("The One"[7]

), also calledIlvatar("Father of All"), first created the Ainur, a group of eternal spirits

ordemiurges,called "the offspring of his thought". Ilvatar brought the Ainur together and showed them a theme,

from which he bade them make a great music.Melkorwhom Ilvatar had given the "greatest power and

knowledge" of all the Ainurbroke from the harmony of the music to develop his own song. Some Ainur joined

him, while others continued to follow Ilvatar, causing discord in the music. This happened thrice, with Eru Ilvatar

successfully overpowering his rebellious subordinate with a new theme each time. Ilvatar then stopped the music and

showed them a vision ofArdaand its peoples. The vision disappeared after a while, and Ilvatar offered the Ainur a

chance to enter into Arda and govern over the new world.

Many Ainur descended, taking physical form and becoming bound to that world. The greater Ainur became known

asValar,while the lesser Ainur were calledMaiar.The Valar attempted to prepare the world for the coming

inhabitants (Elves andMen), while Melkor, who wanted Arda for himself, repeatedly destroyed their work; this went

on for thousands of years until, through waves of destruction and creation, the world took shape.

Valaquenta("Account of the Valar"[6]

)describes Melkor and each of the 14 Valar in detail, as well as a few of the

Maiar. It also reveals how Melkor seduced many MaiarincludingSauronand theBalrogsinto his service.

Quenta Silmaril li on[edit]

Main article:Quenta Silmarillion

Quenta Silmarillion("The History of theSilmarils"[6]

), which makes up the bulk of the book, is a series of

interconnected tales set in the First Age that make up the tragic saga of the three jewels, the Silmarils.

The Valar had attempted to fashion the world forElvesandMen,but Melkor continually destroyed their handiwork.

After he destroyed the two lights that illuminated the world, the Valar removed to Aman,a continent to the west of

Middle-earth, where they established their home calledValinor,illuminated byTwo Trees,and left Middle-earth to

darkness and Melkor. When stars began to shine and the Elves awoke,the Valar fought Melkor to keep the Elves safe,

defeated and captured Melkor and then invited the Elves to live in Aman. Many Elves travelled to Aman, while others

refused and still others stopped along the way, including the Elves who later became theSindar,ruled by the Elf King

Thingol and Melian, a Maia. Of the three tribes that set out, all of theVanyarandNoldor,and many of

theTelerireached Aman.

In Aman,Fanor,son ofFinw,King of the Noldor, created the Silmarils, jewels which glowed with the light of the

Two Trees. Melkor, released after feigning repentance, destroyed the Two Trees with the help ofUngoliant,killed
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Finw, stole the Silmarils, and fled to Middle-earth, where he attacked the Elvish kingdom ofDoriath.He was

defeated in thefirst of five battles of Beleriand,however, and barricaded himself in his northern fortress ofAngband.

Fanor and his sons swore an oath of vengeance against Melkor and against anyone who withheld the Silmarils from

them, even the Valar. Fanor persuaded most of the Noldor to pursue Melkor, whomFanorrenamed asMorgoth,into

Middle-earth. Fanor's sons seized ships from the Teleri, attacking and killing many of them, and left the other Noldor

to make the voyage by foot. Upon arriving in Middle-earth, the Noldor under Fanor attacked Melkor and defeated his

host, though Fanor was slain by Balrogs. After a period of peace, Melkor attacked the Noldor but was again defeated

and besieged. Nearly 400 years later, he broke the siege and drove the Noldor back.

After the destruction of the Trees and the theft of the Silmarils, the Valar had created the moon and the sun. At the

same time, Men awoke, some of which later arrive in Beleriand and allied themselves to the Elves.Beren,a man who

had survived the latest battle, wandered to Doriath, where he fell in love with the elfLthien,the king's daughter. The

king sought to prevent their marriage by imposing what he believed an impossible task: retr ieving one of the Silmarilsfrom Melkor. But together, Beren and Lthien embarked on this quest. Sauron,a powerful servant of Melkor,

imprisoned them along the way; but they escaped, crept into Melkor's fortress, and stole a Silmaril from Melkor's

crown. Having achieved the task, the first union of man and elf was formed, though Beren was soon mortally wounded

and Lthien also died of grief.

The Noldor, seeing that a mortal and an elf-woman could infiltrate Angband, perceived that Melkor was not invincible.

They attacked again with a great army of Elves,Dwarvesand Men. But they were deceived by Melkor, who had

secretly darkened the hearts of many of the men. Thus it was that the Elvish host were utterly defeated, due in part to

the treachery of some Men. However, many Men remained loyal to the Elves and were honoured thereafter.

None received more honour than the brothersHrinandHuor.Melkor captured Hrin, and cursed him to watch the

downfall of his kin. Hrin's son,Trin Turambar,was sent to Doriath, leaving his mother and unborn sister behind in

his father's kingdom (which had been overrun by the enemy). Trin achieved many great deeds of valor, the greatest

being the defeat of thedragonGlaurung.Despite his heroism, however, Trin was plagued by the curse of Melkor,

which led him unwittingly to murder his friendBelegand to marry and impregnate his sisterNienor,whom he had

never met before, and who had lost her memory through Glaurung's enchantment. Before their child was born, the

bewitchment was lifted as the dragon lay dying. Nienor, realizing what grew within her, took her own life. Upon

learning the truth, Trin threw himself on his sword.

Huor's son,Tuor,became involved in the fate of the hidden Noldorin kingdom of Gondolin. He married the elfIdril,

daughter ofTurgon,Lord ofGondolin(the second union between Elves and Men). When Gondolin fell, betrayed from

within byMaeglin,Tuor saved many of its inhabitants from destruction. All of the Elvish kingdoms in Beleriand

eventually fell, and the refugees fled to a haven by the sea created by Tuor. The son of Tuor and

Idril,ErendiltheHalf-elven,was betrothed toElwing,herself descended from Beren and Lthien. Elwing brought

Erendil the Silmaril of Beren and Lthien, and using its light Erendil travelled across the sea to Aman to seek help

from the Valar. The Valar obliged; they attacked and defeated Melkor, completely destroying his fortressAngbandand

sinking most ofBeleriand;and they expelled Melkor from Arda. This ended the First Age of Middle-earth.
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Erendil and Elwing had two children:ElrondandElros.As descendants of immortal elves and mortal men, they were

given the choice of which lineage to belong to: Elrond chose to belong to the Elves, his brother to Men. Elros became

the first king of Nmenor and lived to over 500 years old, being given an extended life as a trade off to choosing to be

a Man.

Akal labth[edit]

Main article:Akallabth

Akallabth("The Downfallen"[6]

)comprises about 30 pages, and recounts the rise and fall of the island kingdom

ofNmenor,inhabited by theDnedain.After the defeat of Melkor, the Valar gave the island to thethree loyal houses

of Menwho had aided the Elves in the war against him. Through the favor with the Valar, the Dnedain were granted

wisdom and power and life more enduring than any other of mortal race had possessed, making them comparable to

the High-Elves ofAman.Indeed, the isle of Nmenor lay closer to Aman than to Middle-earth. But their power lay in

their bliss and their acceptance of mortality. The fall of Nmenor came about in large measure through the influence of

the corrupted MaiaSauron(formerly a chief servant of Melkor), who arose during the Second Age and tried to

conquer Middle-earth.

The Nmenreans moved against Sauron, who saw that he could not defeat them with force and allowed himself to be

taken as a prisoner to Nmenor. There he quickly enthralled the king,Ar-Pharazn,urging him to seek out the

immortality that the Valar had apparently denied him, thus nurturing the seeds of envy that the Nmenreans had

begun to hold against the Elves of the West and the Valar. So it was that all the knowledge and power of Nmenor was

turned towards seeking an avoidance of death; but this only weakened them and sped the gradual waning of the

lifespans to something more similar to that of other Men. Sauron urged them to wage war against the Valar themselves

to win immortality, and to worship his old master Melkor, whom he said could grant them their wish. Ar-Pharazn

created the mightiest army and fleet Nmenor had seen, and sailed against Aman. The Valar and Elves of Aman,

stricken with grief over their betrayal, called onIlvatarfor help. When Ar-Pharazn landed, Ilvatar destroyed his

fleet and drowned Nmenor itself as punishment for the rebellion against the rightful rule of the Valar. Ilvatar created

a great wave, such as had never before been seen, which utterly destroyed and submerged the isle of Nmenor, killing

all but those Dnedain who had already sailed east, and changing the shape of all the lands of Middle-earth.

Sauron's physical manifestation was also destroyed in the ruin of Nmenor, but as a Maia his spirit returned to Middle-

earth, now robbed of the fair form he once had. Some Nmenreans who had remained loyal to the Valar were spared

and were washed up on the shores of Middle-earth, where they founded the kingdoms ofArnorandGondor.Among

these survivors wereElendiltheir leader, and his two sonsIsildurandAnrionwho had also saved a seedling from

Nmenors white tree, the ancestor of that of Gondor. They founded the Nmenrean Kingdoms in Exile: Arnor in the

north and Gondor in the south. Elendil reigned as High-king of both kingdoms, but committed the rule of Gondor

jointly to Isildur and Anrion. The power of the kingdoms in exile was greatly diminished from that of Nmenor, "yet

very great it seemed to the wild men of Middle-earth".

At the end, it is mentioned that the sunken Nmenor came to be called "Atalant", a name not used when it existed.

This led many readers to the conclusion that Nmenor isAtlantis;this direct link was, however, denied by Tolkien

himself, who asserted that it's a natural word following the constructs ofQuenya.
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Of the Rings of Power and the Thir d Age[edit]

Main article:Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age

The concluding section of the book, comprising about 20 pages, describes the events that take place in Middle-earth

during the Second andThird Ages.In the Second Age, Sauron emerged as the main power in Middle-earth, and the

Rings of Power were forged by Elves led byCelebrimbor.Sauron secretly forgedhis own ringto control the others,

which led to war between the peoples of Middle-earth and Sauron, culminating in theWar of the Last Alliance,in

which Elves and the remaining Nmenreans united to defeat Sauron, bringing the Second Age to an end. The Third

Age began with the passing of theOne RingtoIsildur,who was ambushed at theGladden Fieldsshortly afterwards,

and lost the ring in theRiver Anduin.This section also gives a brief overview of the events leading up to and taking

place in The Lord of the Rings, including the waning of Gondor, the re-emergence of Sauron, the White

Council,Saruman's treachery, and Sauron's final destruction along with the One Ring.

Concept and creation[edit]

Development of the text[edit]

Tolkien first began working on the stories that would become The Silmarillionin 1914,[8]

intending them to become an

English mythology that would explain the origins of English history and culture.[9]

Much of this early work was

written while Tolkien, then a British officer returned from France during World War I, was in hospital and on sick

leave.[10]

He completed the first story, "The Fall of Gondolin", in late 1916.[11]

He called his collection of nascent stories The Book of Lost Tales.[5]

This became the name for the first two volumes

ofThe History of Middle-earth,which include these early texts. The stories employ the narrative device of a mariner

named Eriol (in later versions, an Anglo-Saxon namedlfwine)who finds the island ofTol Eressa,where the Elves

live; and the Elves tell him their history.[12]

However, Tolkien never completed The Book of Lost Tales; he left it to

compose the poems "The Lay of Leithian"and "The Lay of the Children of Hrin".[5]

The first complete version of The Silmarillionwas the "Sketch of the Mythology" written in 1926[13]

(later published in

Volume IV of The History of Middle-earth). The "Sketch" was a 28-page synopsis written to explain the background

of the story ofTrinto R. W. Reynolds, a friend to whom Tolkien had sent several of the stories.[13]

From the "Sketch"

Tolkien developed a fuller narrative version of The Silmarillioncalled Quenta Noldorinwa[14]

(also included in Volume

IV). The Quenta Noldorinwawas the last version of The Silmarillionthat Tolkien completed.[14]

In 1937, encouraged by the success of The Hobbit, Tolkien submitted to his publisherGeorge Allen & Unwinan

incomplete but more fully developed version of The Silmarillioncalled Quenta Silmarillion,[5]

but they rejected the

work as being obscure and "tooCeltic".[15]

The publisher instead asked Tolkien to write a sequel to The

Hobbit.[15]

Tolkien began to revise The Silmarillion, but soon turned to the sequel, which became The Lord of the

Rings.[16]

He renewed work on The Silmarillionafter completing The Lord of the Rings,[17]

and he greatly desired to

publish the two works together.[18]

But when it became clear that would not be possible, Tolkien turned his full

attention to preparing The Lord of the Ringsfor publication.[19]
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In the late 1950s Tolkien returned to The Silmarillion, but much of his writing from this time was concerned more with

the theological and philosophical underpinnings of the work than with the narratives themselves. By this time, he had

doubts about fundamental aspects of the work that went back to the earliest versions of the stories, and it seems that he

felt the need to resolve these problems before he could produce the "final" version of The Silmarillion.[17]

During this

time he wrote extensively on such topics as the nature of evil in Arda, the origin ofOrcs,the customs of the Elves, the

nature and means of Elvish rebirth, and the "flat" world and the story of the Sun and Moon.[17]

In any event, with one

or two exceptions, he wrought little change to the narratives during the remaining years of his life.[17]

Posthumous publication[edit]

For several years after his father's death, Christopher Tolkien compiled a Silmarillionnarrative. Christopher's

intentions seem to have been mostly to use the latest writings of his father's that he could,[citation needed]

and to keep as

much internal consistency (and consistency with The Lord of the Rings) as possible,[20]

though he admitted that a

complete consistency was impossible.

[1]

As explained in The History of Middle-earth, Christopher drew uponnumerous sources for his narrative, relying on post-Lord of the Rings works where possible, but ultimately reaching

back as far as the 1917Book of Lost Talesto fill in portions of the narrative which his father had planned to write but

never addressed. In one later chapter of Quenta Silmarillion, "Of the Ruin of Doriath", which had not been touched

since the early 1930s, he had to construct a narrative practically from scratch.[21]

The final result, which included

genealogies, maps, an index, and the first-ever released Elvish word list, was published in 1977.

Cover design for the second illustrated edition, as illustrated byTed Nasmith(ISBN 0-618-39111-8)

Because of Christopher's extensive explanations (in The History of Middle-earth) of how he compiled the published

work, much of The Silmarillionhas been debated by readers. Christopher's task is generally accepted as very difficult

given the state of his father's texts at the time of his death: some critical texts were no longer in the Tolkien family's

possession, and Christopher's task compelled him to rush through much of the material. Christopher reveals in later

volumes of The History of Middle-earthmany divergent ideas which do not agree with the published version.

Christopher Tolkien has suggested that, had he taken more time and had access to all the texts, he might have produced

a substantially different work. But he was compelled by considerable pressure and demand from his father's readers

and publishers to produce something publishable as quickly as possible. Some[who?]contend that parts of The
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9/14

Silmarillionare more a product of the son than of the father, and as such its place in theMiddle-earth canonis hotly

debated in certain circles.[citation needed]

In October 1996, Christopher Tolkien commissioned illustratorTed Nasmithto create full-page full-colour artwork for

the first illustrated edition of The Silmarillion. It was published in 1998, and followed in 2004 by a second edition

featuring corrections and additional artwork by Nasmith.

During the 1980s and 1990s, Christopher Tolkien published most of his father's Middle-earth writings as the 12-

volume The History of Middle-earthseries. In addition to the source material and earlier drafts of several portions

of The Lord of the Rings, these books greatly expand on the original material published in The Silmarillion, and in

many cases diverge from it. There is much that Tolkien intended to revise but only sketched out in notes, and some

new texts surfaced after the publication of The Silmarillion. These books also make it clear just howunfinishedthe

later parts of The Silmarillionreally were: some parts were never rewritten after the early versions inLost Tales.

Influences[edit]

Main article:J. R. R. Tolkien's influences

The Silmarillionis a complex work exhibiting the influence of many sources. A major influence was

theFinnishepicKalevala,especially the tale ofKullervo.Influence fromGreek mythologyis also apparent. The island

ofNmenor,for example, recallsAtlantis.[22]

Tolkien even borrows the name "Atlantis" and reworks it into the Elvish

name "Atalant" for Nmenor,[23]

thus furthering the idea that his mythology simply extends the history and mythology

of the real world.[24]

Greek mythology also colours theValar,who borrow many attributes from theOlympian gods.

[25]

The Valar, like theOlympians, live in the world, but on a high mountain, separated from mortals ;

[26]But the correspondences are only

approximate; the Valar also contain elements ofNorse mythology.Several of the Valar have characteristics resembling

varioussir,the gods ofAsgard.[27]

Thor,for example, physically the strongest of the gods, can be seen both

inOrom,who fights the monsters of Melkor, and in Tulkas,the physically strongest of the Valar.[28]

Manw,the head

of the Valar, exhibits some similarities to Odin, the "Allfather".[28]

Tolkien also said that he saw the

MaiaOlrin(Gandalf) as an "Odinic wanderer".[29]

Influence of the Bible and traditional Christian narrative are seen in The Silmarillionin the conflict between Melkor

and Eru Ilvatar, a parallel of the polarity of Lucifer and God .

[30]

Further, The Silmarilliontells of the creation and fall

of the Elves, as Genesistells of the creation and fall of Man.[31]

As with all of Tolkien's works, The Silmarillionallows

room for later Christian history, and one draft even hasFinrod,a character in The Silmarillion, speculating on the

necessity of Eru's (God's) eventualIncarnationto save mankind.[32]

Medieval Christian cosmology shows its influence especially in the account of the creation of the universe as the

manifestation of a sort of song sung by God with which the angels harmonize until the fallen angel introduces discord.

St. Augustine's writings on music, as well as the extensive medieval tradition of the divine harmonymore familiar to

us today in the notion of the "music of the spheres"served as bases for this telling of creation.

Celtic mythologyshow its influence in the exile of theNoldorinElves, for example, that borrow elements from the

story ofIrish legendsof theTuatha D Danann.[33]

Welsh influence is seen in the Elvish languageSindarin,that
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#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_sphereshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_sphereshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_sphereshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noldorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noldorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noldorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_legendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_legendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_legendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-Celtic-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-Celtic-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-Celtic-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindarinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindarinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindarinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindarinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-Celtic-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuatha_D%C3%A9_Danannhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_legendhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noldorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_the_sphereshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incarnationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finrod_Felagundhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%B3rinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-ThorOdin-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manw%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-ThorOdin-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orom%C3%ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asgardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86sirhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norse_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-Olympian-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve_Olympianshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vala_(Middle-earth)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmenorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kullervohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalevalahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish_mythologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien%27s_influenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silmarillion&action=edit&section=10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfinished_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Nasmithhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle-earth_canon


10/14

Tolkien gave "a linguistic character very like (though not identical with)British-Welsh... because it seems to fit the

rather 'Celtic' type of legends and stories told of its speakers".[34]

Critical response[edit]

At the time of release, reviews of The Silmarillionwere generally negative. The Silmarillionwas criticized for being

too serious, lacking the light-hearted moments that were found in The Lord of the Ringsand especially The

Hobbit.[35][36][37]

TIMElamented that there was "no single, unifying quest and, above all, no band of brothers for the

reader to identify with".[35]

Other criticisms included difficult-to-read archaic language[38][39][40]

and many difficult and

hard-to-remember names.[38][41]

Despite these shortcomings, a few reviewers praised the scope of Tolkien's creation.The New York Times Book

Reviewacknowledged that "what is finally most moving is the eccentric heroism of Tolkien's

attempt".[36]

TIMEdescribed The Silmarillionas "majestic, a work held so long and so powerfully in the writer's

imagination that it overwhelms the reader".[35]

TheHorn Book Magazineeven lauded the "remarkable set of legends

conceived with imaginative might and told in beautiful language".[42]

John Calvin Batchelor,reviewing the book

forThe Village Voice,lauded the book as a "difficult but incontestable masterwork of fantasy" and praised the

character of Melkor, describing him as "a stunning bad guy" whose "chief weapon against goodness is his ability to

corrupt men by offering them trappings for their vanity".[43]

Robert M. Adams ofThe New York Review of Bookscalled The Silmarillion"an empty and pompous bore", "not a

literary event of any magnitude", and even claimed that the main reason for its "enormous sales" was the "Tolkien

cult" created by the popularity of The Hobbitand The Lord of the Rings, predicting that more people would buy The

Silmarillionthan would ever read it.[38][44]

TheSchool Library Journalcalled it "only a stillborn postscript" to Tolkien's

earlier works.[37]

Peter Conradof theNew Statesmaneven went so far as to say that "Tolkien can't actually write".[45]

Music inspired by The Silmarillion[edit]

The Germanpower metalbandBlind GuardianreleasedNightfall in Middle-Earth,aconcept albumbased upon The

Silmarillion. The album contains not only songs but also spoken passages narrating parts of the story. The

Austrianblack metalbandSummoninghave also released numerous concept albums based on this and other works by

Tolkien. In their song "Beleriand", the AustralianindiebandThe Middle Eastincorporate many elements from The

Silmarillion. The Englishprogressive rockbandMarillionwere formed in 1979 as Silmarillion but shortened their

name in 1981 to avoid any copyright conflict. The IrishCeltic metalbandCruachanreleased a song called the "Fall of

Gondolin" on their albumPagan.

See also[edit]

M iddle-earth portal

The Children of Hrin

Mythopoeia

Silmaril
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://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Middle_East_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Middle_East_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Middle_East_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruachan_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruachan_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruachan_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_(album)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_(album)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_(album)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silmarillion&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silmarillion&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silmarillion&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Middle-earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Middle-earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythopoeiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythopoeiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmarilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmarilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arda.Tengwar.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silmarilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythopoeiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Middle-earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silmarillion&action=edit&section=13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagan_(album)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruachan_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celtic_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marillionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_rockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Middle_East_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_musichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summoning_(band)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_albumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nightfall_in_Middle-Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_Guardianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_metalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Silmarillion&action=edit&section=12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-45http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Statesmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Conrad_(academic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-SLJ-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/School_Library_Journalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-NYRB-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-NYRB-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Bookshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-43http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Village_Voicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Calvin_Batchelorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-42http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_Book_Magazinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-TIME-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-NYTBR-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Book_Reviewhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-NYRB-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-NYRB-38http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Silmarillion#cite_note-40http://en.wik

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