[Metni yazın]

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2014

THE SIMPLE

FUTURE AND

BE GOING TO

IN TURKISH

Yüksel Göknel

THE SIMPLE FUTURE AND BE GOING TO IN TURHISH

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THE SIMPLE FUTURE AND BE GOING TO IN TURHISH

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THE SIMPLE FUTURE AND BE GOING TO IN TURHISH

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THE SIMPLE FUTURE AND BE GOING TO

Gelecek Zaman

The two different English time concepts above are expressed in [e.cek,

a.cak] time allomorphs in Turkish. The personal allomorphs follow these two

time allomorphs as usual, such as:

(ben) ♫ [im, ım]; (sen) ♫ [sin, sın]; (o) [Ø]; (biz) ♫ [iz, ız]; (siz) ♫ [sin.iz,

sın.ız]; (onlar) [Ø] or ♫ [ler, lar] in Turkish.

The same concepts can also be expressed in The Present Continuous

Tense (Şimdiki Zaman), as well. Consider the following.

Positive:

Yeni bir araba satın al-a.cak-ız.

(ye*ni / bir / a*ra*ba / sa*tın / a*la*ca*ğız)

We will by a new car. We are going to buy a new car. .

Bir gün ben-i anla-/y/a.cak-sın.

(bir / gün / be*ni / an*la*ya*cak*sın)

You will understand me some day.

(The /y/ glide is inserted between the successive /a/ vowels.)

Param ol-un.ca sana yardım et-er-im.

(pa*ram / o*lun*ca ~/ sa*na / yar*dım / e*de*rim)

I will help you when I have enough money.

(The /t/ consonant changes into the voiced /d/.) (Promise.)

Param olunca sana yardım et-e.cek-im.

(pa*ram / o*lun*ca ~/ sa*na / yar*dım / e*de*ce*ğim)

I will certainly help you when I have enough money. (Strong promise.)

The underlined /t/ and /k/ unvoiced consonants above change into the

voiced /d/ and /ğ/ consonants respectively.

Bazı hayvan-lar bir gün yok ol-a.cak. (Liaison.)

(ba:*zı / hay*van*lar / bir / gün / yo*ko*la*cak)

Some animals will be extinct some day.

(Kapı-/y/ı) ben aç-ar-ım. (Liaison.)

(ka*pı*yı / be*na*ça*rım)

I’ll open (the door).

(One can use this form as soon as one hears the doorbell.)

THE SIMPLE FUTURE AND BE GOING TO IN TURHISH

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(Telefon-a) ben cevap ver-ir-im.

(te*le*fo*na / ben / ce*vap / ve*ri*rim)

I’ll answer (the phone).

(This expression is used as soon as one hears the telephone ring.) Mr. Brown yarın üniversite-de bir konferans ver-e.cek. (ve*re*cek)

Mr. Brown is going to give a lecture at the university tomorrow.

Negative: The negation allomorphs of this tense are ♫ [me] or [ma], which are followed

by ♫ [e.cek] or [a.cak] allomorphs. When "me-/y/e.cek" or "ma-/y/a.cak"

allomorphs follow one another, the successive /e/ or /a/ vowels are linked by

the /y/ glides to maintain the harmonious link between these vowels:

Toplantı-/y/a git-me-/y/e.cek-im.

(top*lan*tı*ya / git*me*ye*ce*ğim), or impolitely, (git*miy*cem)

I won’t go to the meeting. (Refusal) The /y/ glide is inserted between the successive /e/ vowels, and the un-

voiced consonant /k/ changes into the voiced form /ğ/.

Onlar-ın teklif-i-/n/i kabul et-me-/y/e.cek-iz.

(on*la*rın / tek*li:*fi*ni / ka*bûl / et*me*ye*ce*ğiz)

We won’t accept their proposal.

(The /n/ and /y/ are the glides inserted between the successive /i/ and /e/

vowels. The /k/ unvoiced consonant in “ecek” changes into the voiced /ğ/.)

Yağmur yağ-ma-/y/a.cak.

(yağ*mur / yağ*ma*ya*cak)

It is not going to rain.

(The /y/ glide is inserted between the successive /a/ vowels.)

Positive question: In positive questions, “mi-/y/im”, “mi-sin”, “mi”, “mi-/y/iz”, “mi-sin.iz”,

“(ler)mi” or their allomorphs are separately used:

Bu mektup-lar-ı daktilo et-e.cek mi-sin?

(bu / mek*tup*la*rı / dak*ti*lo / e*de*cek↝ / mi*sin)

Are you going to type these letters?

Yarın git-e.cek mi-sin?, or “Yarın git-i.yor mu-sun?”

(ya*rın / gi*de*cek / mi*sin ) (ya*rın / gi*di*yor / mu*sun)

Are you leaving tomorrow? (The /t/ changes into /d/.)

THE SIMPLE FUTURE AND BE GOING TO IN TURHISH

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Onlar biz-i ziyaret et-e.cek-ler mi?

(on*lar / bi*zi / zi*ya:*ret / e*de*cek*ler / mi )

Are they going to visit us?

In polite requests, geniş zaman (The Simple Present Tense) is used in

Turkish in place of The Simple Future Tense (will) of the English language:

Bu mektup-lar-ı ben-im için lütfen daktilo et-er mi-sin?

(bu / mek*tup*la*rı / be*nim / i*çin / lüt*fen / dak*ti*lo / e*der / mi*sin )

Will you please type these letters for me? (Polite request)

Lutfen ben-im için bir fincan kahve yap-ar mı-sın?

(lüt*fen / be*nim / i*çin / bir / fin*can / kah*ve / ya*par / mı*sın )

Will you please make a cup of coffee for me? (Polite request)

Negative question: In the negative question form, ♫ [me] or [ma] negation allomorphs follow the

verb roots, stems or frames:

Biz-im-le gel-me-/y/e.cek mi-sin?

(bi*zim*le / gel*me*ye*cek / mi*sin)

Won’t you come with us?

(The /y/ glide links the successive /e/ vowels.)

When the question words are involved, “mi-/y/im”, “mi-sin”, etc. are not

used:

Saat kaç-ta ev-e dön-e.cek-sin?

(sa*at / kaç*ta ↝/ e*ve / dö*ne*cek*sin↝ )

What time will you come back home?

Yarın nere-/y/e git-i.yor-sun?

(ya*rın / ne↝ re*ye / gi*di*yor*sun ↝)

Where are you going tomorrow? (The /t/ changes into /d/.)

Yarın hava nasıl ol-a.cak?

(ya*rın / ha*va / na ↝ sıl / o*la*cak↝ )

What is the weather going to be like tomorrow?

Soru-um-a kim cevap ver-e.cek?

(so*ru*ma / kim ↝/ ce*vap / ve*re*cek↝ )

Who is going to answer my question?

THE SIMPLE FUTURE AND BE GOING TO IN TURHISH

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Soru-um-a sen mi cevap ver-e.cek-sin?

(so*ru*ma / sen ↝/ mi / ce*vap / ve*re*cek*sin)

Are you going to answer my question?

(If this question is asked with a rising (↝) intonation, it becomes sarcastic.)

Toplantı-/y/ı nere-de yap.a.cak.lar?

(top*lan*tı*yı / ne↝*re*de / ya*pa*cak*lar↝ )

Where are they going to hold the meeting? Bu kim-in kitap-ı?

(bu / ki*min ↝/ ki*ta*bı↝)

Whose book is this? (The /p/ transplaces, and changes into the voiced /b/.)

Size nasıl yardım et-e.bil-ir-im?

(si*ze / na↝*sıl / yar*dım / e*de*bi*li*rim↝ )

How can I help you?

(The /t/ changes into /d/ and all the single underlined consonants detach

from their syllables and attach to the first vowels of the following morphemes.)

Yüksel Göknel