The Skeletal and Muscular SystemsThe Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Aim: To understand the role played by the skeletal and muscular systems in our bodies.

You will learnThe functions of the skeleton.Three types of joint.How joints allow movement.The structure of a moveable joint.The role of muscles in movement.An example of antagonistic muscles and how they

work.

www.kidshealth.org For video on muscle and bone

Skeletal System

206 Total Bones

Skull

Mandible

Breast bone

Rib

Vertebral ColumnPelvisSacrum

Coccyx

Collar boneShoulder blade

Humerus

Ulna

Radius

Carpals

Metacarpals

PhalangesFemur

Patella

Tibia

Fibula

Tarsals

MetatarsalsPhalanges

Skeleton – main bonesSkeleton – main bones

Functions of the SkeletonThe skeleton has three functions: Support:it gives the body shape otherwise we would collapse

Movement: Along with our muscles the skeleton allows us to move.

Protection : Many bones protect soft parts ot the body for example

The skull protects the brian The backbone protects the spinal cord

BoneBone

• Long Bone • Short Bone• Flat Bone

Head – Body - HeadAs wide as they are longProvides Protection

Bone is living tissue that can grow and repair itself made ofBone cellsA blood supplyNervesCalcium – which makes bone hard and strong.

A joint is where two bones meet.

The function of a joint is allow movement.

Types Of JointsTypes Of JointsPivot Hinge

Ball & Socket Fused

Top of the neck

Shoulder/Hip

Elbow/Knee

skull

Skeletal System Information

AppendicularSystem

126 bones

Axial System

80 bones

Connective TissuesConnective Tissues

• Cartilage – • Allows joints to move easily, cushions bones, and supports soft tissue• Ligament –

• Ligaments connect bone to bone

• Tendon –

• Tendons join muscle to muscle or muscle to bone

Antagonistic MusclesAntagonistic Muscles

Muscles only contract (get shorter) the cannot get longer.Pairs of muscles which work opposite to each other are called antagonistic pairs of muscles.

Conditions of the Skeletal System

Osteoporosis

Bones become fragile and more likely to break

Osteoarthritis

Joint disorder where the cartilage is wearing away