The Slave TradeThe Slave Trade

Trade in Human BeingsTrade in Human Beings

In the 1400’s, there was little interest In the 1400’s, there was little interest in slaves. in slaves.

Not until the colonization of America Not until the colonization of America were there an interest in slaves.were there an interest in slaves.– Why were slaves an hot interest at this Why were slaves an hot interest at this

time?time?– Native Americans were originally used Native Americans were originally used

however, many died from exhaustion. however, many died from exhaustion.

Slavery in AfricaSlavery in Africa

Slavery had existed since ancient Slavery had existed since ancient times.times.– Most were people captured in warMost were people captured in war– Others sold themselves into slavery Others sold themselves into slavery

during times of famine.during times of famine. ““A slave who knows how to serve A slave who knows how to serve

inherits his master’s property.”inherits his master’s property.”

Atlantic Slave TradeAtlantic Slave Trade

The Slave Trade:The Slave Trade:– 60,000 Africans a year packed into slave 60,000 Africans a year packed into slave

ships.ships.– The “Middle Passage” was the trip The “Middle Passage” was the trip

between Europe, Africa and North between Europe, Africa and North America.America. Many tried to have rebellions stopped by slave Many tried to have rebellions stopped by slave

traders, others tried to jump over the boats traders, others tried to jump over the boats and drowned and many died from disease.and drowned and many died from disease.

– Many Africans were looked at as inferior.Many Africans were looked at as inferior. Many Europeans used “scientific proof” to Many Europeans used “scientific proof” to

justify this behavior.justify this behavior. Slave Traders gave different tribes guns in Slave Traders gave different tribes guns in

exchange for rounding up slaves.exchange for rounding up slaves.

The Atlantic slave tradeThe Atlantic slave trade

The Atlantic slave tradeThe Atlantic slave trade

Ending the Slave TradeEnding the Slave Trade

Abolitionist Movements start to take Abolitionist Movements start to take form in the 1700s. form in the 1700s. – (Movement to end slavery.)(Movement to end slavery.)– The Quakers were the 1The Quakers were the 1stst supporters of supporters of

the movement.the movement. In 1807, Britain was the 1In 1807, Britain was the 1stst nation to nation to

outlaw slavery.outlaw slavery.– The slave trade went underground as an The slave trade went underground as an

illegal business.illegal business.

Effects of the Slave TradeEffects of the Slave Trade

Effects:Effects:– Encouraged warsEncouraged wars– Increased tensions in societiesIncreased tensions in societies– Economic disastersEconomic disasters– Empires in the East thrived because of Empires in the East thrived because of

the slave trade.the slave trade.– African Diaspora. African Diaspora.

(Spreading/Assimilation of Culture.)(Spreading/Assimilation of Culture.)

Slavery in AmericaSlavery in America(Pre-American (Pre-American

Revolution)Revolution)

Mr. HolmesMr. Holmes

African-American StudiesAfrican-American Studies

Guided QuestionsGuided QuestionsPlease CopyPlease Copy

How did black servitude develop in the How did black servitude develop in the Chesapeake?Chesapeake?

What role did indentured servitude play in the What role did indentured servitude play in the early economy of the Chesapeake colonies?early economy of the Chesapeake colonies?

What economic and demographic What economic and demographic developments led to the enslavement of developments led to the enslavement of people of African descent n the British people of African descent n the British colonies?colonies?

Slavery in Early VirginiaSlavery in Early VirginiaTimelineTimeline

Africans in JamestownAfricans in Jamestown Around 1619 the first Around 1619 the first

Africans arrive from Africans arrive from Angola.Angola.– The colony inhabits The colony inhabits

regarded the Angolans as regarded the Angolans as “unfree” but not slaves for “unfree” but not slaves for two reasons.two reasons. What do you think the What do you think the

difference would be?difference would be?– 1) The English had no law 1) The English had no law

allowing slavery.allowing slavery.– 2) Many Angolans converted 2) Many Angolans converted

as Christians as thus could as Christians as thus could not be enslaved.not be enslaved.

– An “unfree” slave worked An “unfree” slave worked until the price that was paid until the price that was paid for them was paid in full.for them was paid in full.

Africans in JamestownAfricans in Jamestown

During the following During the following years, people of years, people of African descent African descent remained a small remained a small minority in the minority in the expanding Virginia expanding Virginia colony.colony.– The English now call The English now call

African-Americans African-Americans negroesnegroes. (Black in . (Black in Spanish.)Spanish.)

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Black Servitude in the Black Servitude in the ChesapeakeChesapeake

From 1620 to 1670, many African-From 1620 to 1670, many African-Americans worked with many whites and Americans worked with many whites and Native Americans as Native Americans as indentured servantsindentured servants..– As demand for labor to produce tobacco As demand for labor to produce tobacco

expanded and many adults sold their freedom to expanded and many adults sold their freedom to become indentured servants for the chance to become indentured servants for the chance to get to North America.get to North America.

– Many African-Americans entered into similar Many African-Americans entered into similar contracts for a chance at making money.contracts for a chance at making money. What do you think is the downside of indentured What do you think is the downside of indentured

servitude? servitude?

Life in the ChesapeakeLife in the Chesapeake

If indentured servants survived, they If indentured servants survived, they were often offered a better life.were often offered a better life.– Many could own land, farm, lent money, sue Many could own land, farm, lent money, sue

in court, serve as jurors and town officials, in court, serve as jurors and town officials, and vote.and vote.

– After 1630, we have the start of slave laws. After 1630, we have the start of slave laws. Many of the British elite believed that blacks Many of the British elite believed that blacks should not receive the same rights as should not receive the same rights as whites.whites.

– In 1660, the British institute In 1660, the British institute chattel chattel slaveryslavery which makes blacks legally private which makes blacks legally private property.property.

Origins of Black SlaveryOrigins of Black Slavery

The U.S. colonies make a major shift The U.S. colonies make a major shift economically and politically.economically and politically.– Work is moving from indentured white Work is moving from indentured white

servants to black slaves.servants to black slaves. 1) Many poor whites were unwilling to work 1) Many poor whites were unwilling to work

as indentured servants.as indentured servants. 2) The slave trade was becoming more 2) The slave trade was becoming more

profitable.profitable.

– More manual labor is given to blacks More manual labor is given to blacks because they were viewed as inferior.because they were viewed as inferior.

Duties of a servantDuties of a servant

White ServantsWhite Servants– Women did more Women did more

domestic jobs.domestic jobs.– May be able to bear May be able to bear

arms.arms.– May become May become

Christian.Christian.

Black ServantsBlack Servants– Women worked in Women worked in

the tobacco fields the tobacco fields with men.with men.

– By 1640 could not By 1640 could not bear arms.bear arms.

– May not become May not become Christian.Christian.

The transformation to The transformation to slaveryslavery

Between the 1660s and 1700s the Between the 1660s and 1700s the government moves into extensive government moves into extensive chattel slavery programs.chattel slavery programs.– Children of black female servants would Children of black female servants would

be servants for life.be servants for life.– It became the assumption that servitude It became the assumption that servitude

was the natural conditions for blacks.was the natural conditions for blacks. Slave codes enacted in 1660 and 1710 Slave codes enacted in 1660 and 1710

stopped the following: testify in court, own stopped the following: testify in court, own property, marry, bear arms, congregate in property, marry, bear arms, congregate in groups of three or more, or enter into groups of three or more, or enter into contracts.contracts.

Foundations of SlaveryFoundations of Slavery

Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion Events are coming to a head as blacks are Events are coming to a head as blacks are

moving more and more to slavery.moving more and more to slavery.– Nathaniel Bacon was an English aristocrat who Nathaniel Bacon was an English aristocrat who

formed a group of many poor whites to fight the formed a group of many poor whites to fight the colonies government and resources. colonies government and resources.

– Bacon also appealed to black slaves to join his Bacon also appealed to black slaves to join his cause.cause.

– Before the rebellion could start, Bacon died and Before the rebellion could start, Bacon died and his uprising collapsed. his uprising collapsed.

– White farm owners feared what could have White farm owners feared what could have happened if the rebellion succeeded. So, they happened if the rebellion succeeded. So, they decided to stop using white indentured servants decided to stop using white indentured servants who could get guns and switch to black slaves who could get guns and switch to black slaves who were not legally able to use them. who were not legally able to use them.