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The Sniper

Date post: 12-May-2015
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by Liam O'Flaherty (1897- 1984) blackfeatherfilms
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Page 1: The Sniper

by Liam O'Flaherty (1897-1984)blackfeatherfilms

Page 2: The Sniper

Order of Events

• Directions: Place the following events in the order in which they occurred in the story. List responses from 1st – 6th (Example: 1= happens first; 2= happens second, etc.) writing the order in the space provided.

1.________An old woman comes out from a side street. 2.________An armored car comes across the bridge. 3.________The sniper lights his cigarette. 4.________The sniper learns the identity of the man he had killed. 5.________The dying man on the roof crumpled up and fell forward. 6.________The sniper gets shot in the arm.

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"The Sniper“"Sniper": hidden shooter: somebody who shoots people from a concealed positionskilled military shooter: a member of the armed forces who is trained to

shoot enemy soldiers from a concealed position

Universal Theme: A theme that can be found in literature from different times, countries, and cultures. Universal themes cross genres as well as national boundaries, customs, languages, and historic periods. An example of a universal theme is "Love conquers all."

Background information on "The Sniper": "The Sniper" is set in Dublin, Ireland, in the 1920's, during the Irish Civil War.

The Republicans (not to be confused with the political party in the U.S.), on one side, wanted all of Ireland to become a republic, free from British rule. The Free Staters, on the other side, were willing to allow continued British rule over several counties in the northern part of Ireland.

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Historical Background for “The Sniper” by Liam O’Flaherty

In 1919, the newly formed Irish Republican Army (IRA) launched guerilla warfare during the Irish War of Independence to liberate Ireland from the British. Unable to contain the rebels, London agreed in the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty to create an Irish Free State. However, the agreement would recognize the Free State only as a dominion in the British Commonwealth of Nations. Moreover, it would permit six counties in Northern Ireland to withdraw from the Free State, allow the British to maintain ports in the south, and require the Free State to pay part of the debt Britain incurred in waging the war. Consequently, not all Irishmen accepted the agreement, the provisions of which became effective in 1922. The six northern counties seceded, as expected. Once-united Irish fighters were now split into two factions – disgruntled IRA members and supporters of the Free State – and fought a civil war. O’Flaherty, himself a member of the IRA, centers his short story on a scene of fighting in Dublin in which an IRA sniper shoots at Free Staters from a rooftop.

  

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Protagonist

• The Republican Sniper—for the Irish Republic--Catholic

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Antagonist

• The other sniper—Free-Stater. Irish Free State which would be Protestant.

• The Old Woman• The other side of the war.

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Conflict

• Man v. man—snipers against each other.

• The old lady—shot because she had told of our sniper’s location. An Informer

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Conflict

• Man v. society –civil war. • Two sides are impersonal…

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Conflict

• Man v. nature—it’s night; damp, foggy• Wounded—pain and unable to use his rifle.

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Conflict

• Man v. Himself—fear and anger, hunger, relief• Curiosity

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Climax

• Shoots old woman• Sniper gets wounded• Trap—trick other sniper into thinking we are

dead.• Kills the other sniper.• Discovers—that he has killed his brother

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Denouement

• What happens after the discovery of the identity of the other sniper?

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Exposition/Setting

• Background on the Irish Civil War.• A June night @ midnight on a rooftop near the

O’Connell Bridge • "The Sniper" is set in Dublin, Ireland, in the 1920's,

during the Irish Civil War. The Republicans on one side, wanted all of Ireland to become a republic, free from British rule. The Free Staters, on the other side, were willing to allow continued British rule over several counties in the northern part of Ireland.

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Foreshadowing

• He wondered if he knew the other sniper. Whether they had trained together…

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Irony

• He killed his own brother

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Symbolism

• Informer—• No names—everyman stands for any one.• Brother– all men are brothers.

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Suspense:• Explain to students that Suspense is the feeling of anxiety or dread

you feel about what will happen next in a story, especially when you are concerned for a character.

• Demonstrate how to identify suspense by reading aloud the first paragraph of "The Sniper" by Liam O’Flaherty.

• Remind students that suspense is created when the reader wants to know what happens next. An example of this is the second sentence of the text. (Dublin lay enveloped in darkness but for the dim light of the moon that shone through fleecy clouds,…) Since the writer does not reveal what will happen next, it creates suspense.

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Theme

• Universal theme—All men are brothers

• “Whatsoever you do to the least of my brothers—that you do unto me.”

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Point of View

• Third person, author limited to our Sniper. We see, hear, feel, all that he knows.

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