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THE SOCIAL “SIDE” OF ADOLESCENT DRUG ADDICTION
GONCA POLAT ULUOCAK
BAŞKENT UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WORK
What comes to mind when you see or hear the word "drug"?
WHAT IS ADDICTION?
Drug addiction involves compulsively seeking to use a substance, regardless of the potentially negative social, psychological and physical consequences.
DSM DIAGNOSIS (Substance Dependence)
Three (or more) of the following, occurring any time in the same 12-month period:
1. Tolerance 2. Withdrawal 3. Larger amounts of substance taken 4. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control
substance use. 5. Time spent in activities to obtain the substance, use the
substance, or recover from its effects. 6. Reduced social, occupational, recreational activities 7. Continuation of substance use despite harmful effects
The Types of Drugs
What are examples of drugs used in your area?
The Types of Drugs
Alcohol Cigarette (Nicotine) Opiats (heroin, morphine, codein) Hallucinogens (LSD) Stimulants (Methamphetamine, Amphetamine,
cocain, ecstacy Cannibis Hypnosedatives (Benzodiazepines) Inhalants (Bally, Thinner)
ADOLESCENT DRUG USE
WHO: Adolescence is a period between the ages 10-19
Adolescence is a stage of searching;
Searching for identity..
Searching for joy ...
Searching for excitement…
Searching for difference…
Searching for independence……
ADOLESCENT-ADULT DRUG USE
STAGES (PROCESS) EFFECTS SOCIAL FACTORS
CAUSES OF ADDICTION
1. Adolescent development (biological and psychological)
2. Mental illness
3. Environmental chaos
4. Widespread availability of drugs
CHARACTERISTICS OF ADU
Curiosity Family and friends are important factors
for either risk or protection Many of them use polydrugs; different
drugs together Many of them give up, with the support of
their families, usually before adulthood.
MYTHS ABOUT DU/DA
Drug addiction occurs as a result of free will. You choose to become addicted.
Drug addiction happens in people who have a ‘weak’ character or lack self-discipline
Marijuana is not addicting People who carry on taking drugs after
treatment are a waste of time and will never beat their addiction
TRADITIONAL-ALTERNATIVE FRAMEWORKS
Health Legal
(Physiological) (Crime)
Psychological
PROBLEM DRUG USE
Social
Health Legal
Psychological
Social Dimension
The social risk and protective factors of addiction;
The social rehabilitation dimension of the treatment
The social reintegration process after treatment.
Social Reintegration
EMCDDA: Any integrative efforts for drug users in the community
Education (which includes training), Housing Employment
Recovery will occur only if;
Abstinence has more to offer than addiction Find a purpose in their drug-free lives Meaningful roles and activities that offer them
self-respect and pride New daily routines that do not involve criminal
activities Access to a decent income, adequate housing,
employment opportunities; family relationships and being connected to community networks.
Social Exclusion
Exclusion of a person-or a group- from normal activities and decision making processes of the society
Not integrated with the society’s economic, social, law and cultural sub-systems
According to a research in Turkey (Ogel,2005)
<non-users> Unemplyed Poor Have problem in
social relations Steals Can easily lie Agressive
<users> Lack of capacity to
struggle with problems
Shy and fearful Lack of self
confidence Sensitive and kind Weak and ill
Results of Stigma&Exclusion ¼ of drug users are not employed or promoted. Even they are
ex-users, most of them are not having the job if they tell their story.
They are obliged to work without insurance in some cases Young people using drugs are not able to take grants or benefit
the educational programs. In USA some states restrict their social assistance to the young drug users. (Even the intention behind is to decrease drug use, it stil is a disciriminatory practice).
An important amount of drug users are not able to receive treatment because of not having insurance or can not afford the costs.
1/10 drug users are feeling ashamed to be under drug treatment
Attitudes
Drug user adolescents are; Patient for the doctor, Insane for the psychiatrists, Sinful, for the religious people, “Bad Child” of the family Problem student for the teacher Problem for the whole society
Attitudes of Health Care Workers face stigma and discrimination controllable stigma’ More contact brings more understanding….
Activity
Thank you for your attention
and contribution