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THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

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THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES
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Page 1: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES

Page 2: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

Copyright © 2010 by Nelson Education Limited 2

How Research Filters Perception

Page 3: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

THE FIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISMSYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISMCONFLICT THEORYFEMINISMPOST MODERNISM

Page 4: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

THE POLITICAL SPECTRUM

EXTREMES=TOTALITARIANISM OR TRUE COMMUNISM

CONSERVATIVE-RIGHT WING

LIBERAL –MIDDLE

RADICAL-LEFT WING

Page 5: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

Copyright © 2010 Nelson Education Limited 5

Durkheim’s Theory of Suicide

Page 6: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

SOCIAL CAUSES OF SUICIDE

SOCIAL INTEGRATION or notRELIGION or notMILITARY INVOLVEMENT or notMARRIAGE or not

Page 7: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

DURKHEIM’s METHOD

Existing social statisticsQuantitative measurement-percentage

Page 8: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

OTHER FUNCTIONALIST APPROACHES

SURVEYSQUANTITATIVE ANALYSISEXPERIMENTSQUALITATIVE PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

Page 9: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

FUNCTIONALISM: AN `IS’ ORIENTATION

CONCEPTS=

order, stability, equilibrium adaptation, social solidarity

Page 10: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

CONFLICT THEORY: AN OUGHT ORIENTATION

CONCEPTS=ALIENATIONOPPRESSIONCLASS CONFLICTFALSE CONSCIOUSNESSIDEOLOGY

Page 11: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

Marx’s Modes of Production

1.TRIBAL2.ANCIENT COMMUNAL3.FEUDAL4.CAPITALISTIC 5.SOCIALISTIC

Page 12: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

CONFLICT THEORIST METHODs

CRITICAL THEORYDIALECTICALMACRO or MICRO APPROACHUSE STATISTIC TO DISCLOSE CLASS INEQUALITYCASE STUDIES OF OPPRESSION

Page 13: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

Copyright © 2010 Nelson Education Limited 13

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISMFocuses on interpersonal communication in microlevel social settings

Emphasizes social life is possible only because people attach meanings to things

Stresses people help to create their social circumstances, not merely react to them

Erving Goffman (1922-82) Famous Canadian

Symbolic Interactionist.

Studied sociology & anthropology at

University of Toronto. Renowned for

“dramaturgical” approach.

Page 14: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

WEBER’s VIEW OF CAPITALISM

CAPITALISM WILL NOT BE DESTROYED without “the Charismatic Rebirth of new GODsCAPITALISM is a value orientation originally the product of the `Protestant Ethic’SOCIAL CLASS less important than status groups

Page 15: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

WEBER’S SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST CONCEPTS

Verstehen  VALUE ORIENTATIONFORMAL RATIONALITYBUREACRACY

Page 16: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONIST CONCEPTS

SYMBOLSCUES AND GESTUREINTERPRETATIVE UNDERSTANDSOCIAL SELFLOOKING GLASS SELF

Page 17: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISTMETHODS

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

OPEN ENDED ETHNOGRAPY

PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

FIELD METHODS

Page 18: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

Copyright © 2010 Nelson Education Limited 18

FEMINIST THEORYFocuses on various aspects of patriarchy (system of male domination in society)Suggests male domination is determined by structures of powerExamines operation of patriarchy in both microlevel and macrolevel social settingsRecommends eliminating patterns of gender inequality

Margrit Eichler (1942- )

Chair, Sociology, OISE.

Head of Women’s Studies,

University of Toronto.Internationally known for work on

feminist methodology.

Page 19: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

FEMINIST METHODS

STATISTICS THAT POINT TO GENDER INEQUALITYCASE STUDIESQUANTITIVE AND QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

Page 20: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

Copyright © 2010 Nelson Education Limited 20

FEMINIST THEORYFocuses on various aspects of patriarchy (system of male domination in society)Suggests male domination is determined by structures of powerExamines operation of patriarchy in both microlevel and macrolevel social settingsRecommends eliminating patterns of gender inequality

Margrit Eichler (1942- )

Chair, Sociology, OISE.

Head of Women’s Studies,

University of Toronto.Internationally known for work on

feminist methodology.

Page 21: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

Postmodernism Postmodernism was originally a reaction to modernism.

Influenced by the Western European disillusionment induced by World War II,

Postmodernism tends to refer to a cultural, intellectual, or artistic state lacking a clear central hierarchy or organizing principle.

Page 22: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

PostmodernismPostmodernism Sees social reality as embodying extreme complexity, contradiction, ambiguity, diversity, or inter-referentiality

Page 23: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

POST MODERNIST METHODS

DECONSTRUCT GRAND NARRATIVESCASE STUDIESCRITICAL ANALYSIS OF EMPTY CONCEPTS

Page 24: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

CONCLUSION

THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE-social forces influence individual behaviourPARADIGMS-SF, CONFLICT, SI, FEMINISM..Paradigms differ on the impact of society on the individual.Paradigms are key to unlocking parochial and provincial tunnel vision

Page 25: THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE SOCIOLOGICAL PARADIGMS AND THEIR USES.

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