The Solar system

Apr 13, 2023 Md.Shadaab Hussain,Class-VI,Sec-E,DAV School,Unit-VIII.

The Solar SystemThe Solar System

Mohammed Shadaab Hussain

Class-VI,Section-E,D.A.V School,Unit-VIII,Bhubaneswar

Apr 13, 2023

Solar SystemSolar System

Md.Shadaab Hussain,Class-VI,Sec-E,DAV School,Unit-VIII.


Warm Up QuestionsWarm Up Questions

1. Which planet is bigger, Mercury or Jupiter ?2. Are the gas giant planets closer to the Sun

than the rocky planets (yes/no)?3. How many planets are in the Solar System?4. Is the Sun bigger, smaller, or the same size

as the Moon?5. What is the difference between the Solar

System and the Milky Way Galaxy (just one sentence) ?

1. Which planet is bigger, Mercury or Jupiter ?2. Are the gas giant planets closer to the Sun

than the rocky planets (yes/no)?3. How many planets are in the Solar System?4. Is the Sun bigger, smaller, or the same size

as the Moon?5. What is the difference between the Solar

System and the Milky Way Galaxy (just one sentence) ?


Three types of objects orbit our Sun:

1. Planets

2. Dwarf Planets • Plutoids

3. Small solar system bodies

Three types of objects orbit our Sun:

1. Planets

2. Dwarf Planets • Plutoids

3. Small solar system bodies

Why are there only 8 planets now?Why are there only 8 planets now?


What is a planet?What is a planet?

• In August of 2007 the International Astronomical Union redefined what a planet is (no official scientific definition of a "planet" existed before). A planet:

1. Is a body that orbits the sun (this definition only applies to our Solar System)

2. Is large enough for its own gravity to make it round

3. And has "cleared its neighborhood" of smaller objects• So a new the category of dwarf planet was created,

which currently includes Pluto, Eris*, and Ceres**.

*Eris is the largest known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the ninth largest body known to orbit the Sun. Its distance from the Sun is 97 AU.**Ceres is the smallest identified dwarf planet in the Solar System and,

because it’s the largest asteroid, the only dwarf planet in the asteroid belt.


What is a Dwarf Planet?What is a Dwarf Planet?

• Celestial body orbiting the Sun• Massive enough to be rounded by its

own gravity• BUT has NOT cleared its neighboring

region of planetesimals• Is not a satellite

• Celestial body orbiting the Sun• Massive enough to be rounded by its

own gravity• BUT has NOT cleared its neighboring

region of planetesimals• Is not a satellite

A plutoid is a dwarf planet beyond the orbit of NeptuneA plutoid is a dwarf planet beyond the orbit of Neptune


Only 5 Dwarf Planets recognized so far but there may be as many as 200

Only 5 Dwarf Planets recognized so far but there may be as many as 200

Pluto, approximatetrue colorPluto, approximatetrue color

Ceres, seen through(Hubble telescope)Ceres, seen through(Hubble telescope)

Haumea, with its 2 moons,Hi‘iaka and Namaka(Artist’s conception)

Haumea, with its 2 moons,Hi‘iaka and Namaka(Artist’s conception)

Makemake,(Artist’s conception)Makemake,(Artist’s conception)

Eris, seen through(Hubble telescope)Eris, seen through(Hubble telescope)


Pacific Island Names for Planetary ObjectsPacific Island Names for Planetary Objects

• Haumea is the Hawaiian goddess of childbirth and fertility.

• The the moons "Hiʻiaka" and "Namaka” are named after after two of Haumea's daughters.

• Haumea is the Hawaiian goddess of childbirth and fertility.

• The the moons "Hiʻiaka" and "Namaka” are named after after two of Haumea's daughters.


Pacific Island Names for Planetary ObjectsPacific Island Names for Planetary Objects

• Makemake is the creator of humanity in the mythos of the Rapanui, the native people of Easter Island. The name choice preserves the planetary object's connection with Easter.

• Makemake is the creator of humanity in the mythos of the Rapanui, the native people of Easter Island. The name choice preserves the planetary object's connection with Easter.


3. What are Small Solar System Bodies?3. What are Small Solar System Bodies?

• Neither a planet nor a dwarf planet• All other objects orbiting the Sun

• All minor planets except dwarf planets• Asteroids (except Ceres, the largest)• Comets

• Not massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity


Terrestrial vs. Gaseous PlanetsTerrestrial vs. Gaseous Planets

Terrestrial

• Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

1. Rocky More dense

2. Smaller

3. More closely spaced

4. Closer to the Sun

Gaseous

• Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

1.Gaseous, has more He and H Less dense (Saturn

would float)

2.Larger

3.Spaced farther apart

4.Farther from the Sun


Terrestrial Planets

Venus

Mercury

Mars

From Nick Strobel’s Astronomy Notes at www.astronomynotes.com


Jovian Planets, or Gas Giants

Jupiter

Uranus Neptune

Saturn

From Nick Strobel’s Astronomy Notes at www.astronomynotes.com


Do you see patterns or anomalies in these data?


On which planet would you weigh the most?


The Milky Way GalaxyThe Milky Way Galaxy

100,000 light years across1,000 light years thick200 billion stars

100,000 light years across1,000 light years thick200 billion stars

You are here

Apr 13, 2023

Sun –Star of the Solar System Sun –Star of the Solar System

• It ‘s the heaviest among solar system

• It is a ball of hot ,burning gases.

• It is the nearest star to the earth.

• The light from the Sun takes appx. 8 minutes to reach Earth.


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• It is the source of all energy for life on Earth.

• About three quarters of the Sun's mass consists of hydrogen, while the rest is mostly helium.

• On the Sun’s surface ,there are dark patches known as sunspots. These are patches of gas that looks dark since they are cooler than their surroundings.

Sun –Star of the Solar System Sun –Star of the Solar System


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PlanetsPlanets

• Planet word comes from Greek ,which means wandering star.

• Planets are heavenly bodies ,which revolve around the Sun in elliptical orbits.

• Earlier it was considered there were 9 planets in Solar system but lately one planet called Pluto was de-classified from being a planet.

• All planets fall in 2 groups

Inner Planets: Mercury , Venus, Mars and Earth are called inner planets.

Outer Planets: These are Jupiter , Saturn, Uranus, Neptune


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• Between Inner & Outer Planets ,there is a ring of small bodies , which are made of rock & metal, these are called Asteroids. They also keep moving around the Sun .This ring is also called Asteroids Belt.


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Mercury –The Innermost Planet Mercury –The Innermost Planet

• It is named after messenger of the Roman gods

• It is the closest planet to the Sun

• Large variations in day

(400 degree C) & night (-180 degree C) time temperatures.


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• It is also the smallest, and its orbit is the most not fully circular.

• It does not have any satellite.• There is no water or atmosphere• It can be seen with naked eyes.• It orbits the Sun once in about 88 Earth

days• There are no seasons on its surface

Mercury –The Innermost Planet Mercury –The Innermost Planet


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Venus –The Veiled Planet Venus –The Veiled Planet

• Venus is surrounded by thick cloud cover ,that is why it is called “Veiled Planet”.

• It is brightest & hottest planet.

• It is named after Roman goddess of love & beauty .


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• It orbits the Sun once in about 225 Earth days.

• Venus reaches its maximum brightness shortly before sunrise or shortly after sunset, so it is also known as the Morning Star or Evening Star.

• Venus is also known as “Sister “ or “Twin” planet to earth because of its similar size & mass to earth.

Venus –The Veiled Planet Venus –The Veiled Planet


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Earth –The Blue Planet Earth –The Blue Planet

• It is also known as watery planet, because 70% of its surface is covered by water.

• It reflects about 1/3rd of sunlight it receives .The earth’s atmosphere scatters the light & creates a blue effect,so it is also called Blue Planet..

• Only planet having life .Md.Shadaab Hussain,Class-VI,Sec-E,DAV School,Unit-VIII.

Apr 13, 2023

• It orbits the Sun once in about 365 Earth days.• It rotates about its own axis, thus creating day &

night. It takes 24 hours to do that.• It revolves around sun, due to its tilt ,seasons are

created.• Due to gravity, the layer of gases remain attached

to it (which is known as atmosphere), it prevents too much heat or UV rays from Sun reaching earth.

• Moon is the only satellite of the Earth.

Earth –The Blue Planet Earth –The Blue Planet


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Moon –The Earth’s Only Satellite Moon –The Earth’s Only Satellite

• It’s diameter of only 1/4th of the Earth

• It looks bigger to us as it is very close to us.

• The moon has no atmosphere ,so there is huge difference between day & night temperature. (127 degree C in Day to -173 degree C in Night)


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• As there is no atmosphere, there is no weather, no rain, no wind or clouds.

• Like everything else in Solar System, Moon also does not have its own light . It shines due to Sun’s light .

• There is no water on its surface.• Moon’s gravity is 1/6th of Earth, so your

weight would be 1/6th of your weight on the earth.



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• The Moon is the only celestial body other than Earth on which humans have set foot.

• Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon as the commander of the American mission Apollo 11by first setting foot on the Moon on 21 July 1969.



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Mars –The Red Planet Mars –The Red Planet

• It is named after the Roman god of war.

• It is often described as the "Red Planet", as the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance


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• Mars has approximately half the diameter of Earth

• It has two satellites.• The gravity of Mars is half of the earth .• The atmosphere of Mars consists of about

95% carbon dioxide, 3% nitrogen,1.6% argon

and contains some oxygen and water• Mars also has the largest dust storms in the

Solar System

Mars –The Red Planet Mars –The Red Planet



Jupiter –The Giant Planet Jupiter –The Giant Planet

• It is named after the Roman god Jupiter (ruler of Roman gods)

• Jupiter is the largest

planet within the Solar System• It has a great Red Spot

,it is rotating storm system inside the planet.

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• Jupiter rotates faster than any other planet.

• It completes one rotation in 10 hours• Jupiter has a faint ring system, these

rings appear to be made of dust.• This is also a windy planet as the fast

rotation causes high winds.• It has 16 planets.

Jupiter –The Giant Planet Jupiter –The Giant Planet


Apr 13, 2023

Saturn –The Jewel Planet Saturn –The Jewel Planet

• Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter.

• It is named after the Roman god Saturn

• Saturn is classified as a gas giant planet

It is the most beautiful planet in solar system because of its spectacular rings


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Saturn-The Jewel Planet Saturn-The Jewel Planet

• Saturn rings are made up of ice & ice covered particles

• It has 22 known satellites .• It can be seen by naked eye • Saturn is 95 times heavier than earth • it takes Saturn 10,759 Earth days (or

about 29½ years), to finish one revolution around the Sun


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Uranus –A planet on its Uranus –A planet on its

• Uranus appears to lie on its side.

• It is named after the Roman god of the sky.

• The only planet which rotates on its axis from east to west.

Side


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• It has at least ten thin uniform black rings ,which are made of dust.

• It has 27 known satellites• It is a very cold planet ,it receives 370

times less sunlight than Earth as it is far away from sun as compared to Earth.

• Its core is very rocky.

Uranus –A planet on its Uranus –A planet on its Side


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Neptune –The Last Giant Neptune –The Last Giant

• Most distant gas planet.

• It is named after the Roman god of the sea .

• Most windy planet


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• Can’t be seen with naked eye• It has 8 known satellite• As it is very far from Sun,it completes

an orbit on average every 164.79 years.• The average distance between Neptune

and the Sun is 4.50 billion km.• Neptune was the first planet found by

mathematical prediction.

Neptune –The Last Giant Neptune –The Last Giant


Apr 13, 2023

Submitted bySubmitted by

Md.Shadaab Hussain

Class VI, D.A.V.School ,

Unit- VIII,Bhubaneswar.

Thanks to

Google


Date post:	25-Jun-2015
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The Solar system

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