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The Solid Liquid State of LED Lighting January 15, 2013 Sally Lee, LC, LEED Green Assoc. Retail Market Segment Manager OSRAM Sylvania, Inc.
The Solid Liquid State of LED Lighting January 15, 2013 Sally Lee, LC, LEED Green Assoc. Retail Market Segment Manager OSRAM Sylvania, Inc.
DISCLAIMER
"This document constitutes neither an offer to sell nor a solicitation to buy or subscribe for securities. Any such offer will be made solely on the basis of the Securities Prospectus yet to be approved by the German Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin) and published thereafter. The information legally required to be provided to investors will be contained only in the Securities Prospectus. The information contained herein is not for distribution, directly or indirectly, in or into the United States of America (including its territories and possessions of any State of the United States of America or the District of Columbia) and must not be distributed to U.S. persons (as defined in Regulation S under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Securities Act")) or publications with a general circulation in the United States of America. This document is not an offer of securities for sale in the United States of America. The securities have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act and may not be offered or sold in the United States of America absent registration or an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. The Issuer does not intend to register any portion of the offering in the United States of America or to conduct a public offering of the securities in the United States of America. This document is not an offer of securities for sale in the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan or Australia."
Watch the hype
LEDs are Super Green video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EOigiuYoQiI
Advertising adds value to a product by changing our perception, rather than the product itself.
Why is LED Lighting Important?
• USDOE has chosen energy efficient LED lighting to play the key role in reducing our electric light consumption by 50% by 2025
• Over the next 20 years, rapid adoption of LED lighting in the US could: – Reduce electricity demands from lighting by 62%/year – Eliminate 300 million metric tons of carbon emissions/year – Avoid building 133 new power plants – Anticipate financial savings that could exceed $200 billion/year
Energy Savings Potential of LED in General Illumination Applications
The US Department of Energy (DOE) has developed a comprehensive strategy to accelerate the development and market introduction of LED illumination.
1950 2000
CFL
Incandescent
Halogen
Metal Halide lamps
Mercury Vapor lamps
Fluorescent
1879
1904
1981
1959
1938
1961
//
White power LED
100
50
Light source efficacy
( Lumen/Watt) Year of invention
1996
2002
2006
2008
2011
Light Source Efficacy
Energy Savings Potential of LED in General Illumination Applications
Forecasting the Impact of SSL
Energy savings
Maintanence
Green Image
Design Flexibility
…in many lighting applications 4 Primary Reasons:
• Compact, flexible and more freedom of design • Long life • Emotional accent lighting • Utilization of emitted light: Efficient source and
system • Dynamic light and control; easy combination
of pleasant white general light and colored mood light
• Ideal for the illumination of UV and heat-sensitive products (e.g. reduced fading)
• Ambient comfort and AC savings thanks to low thermal output
• Environmentally friendlier: no Hg or Pb; lower CO2 emissions based upon high efficacy (lower wattage); cradle:cradle
Why is LED Lighting Important?
What is an LED: Light Emitting Diode
A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor device that emits
narrow-spectrum light when electrically biased in the forward
direction.
Light Emitted Forward
Tj depends on drive condition and application environment
Higher Tj = Shorter life
(generally ½ life for every 10C)
Thermal management is required for all LEDsLE.
LEDs Do NOT Radiate Heat
It must be conducted away from the LEDs by a heat sink.
Thermal Management: Radiation vs. Conduction
Chip and
Package Board Heat
Sink Optics Power
and Control
Luminaire
LPW 100 95 90.25 78.96 67.29
LED System Efficacy
LED vs. Other Light Sources
Incandescent Halogen Fluorescent Metal Halide White LED
Efficacy (Im/W) 7 - 15 10 - 25 50 - 110 80 - 110 80 - 140
Life time (hrs)
750 – 4,000
2,000 – 6,000
9,000 – 62,000
5,000 – 30,000 50,000+
CCT (K)
2,500 – 3,000
2,800 – 3,150
2,700 – 6,500
3,000 - 4,200
2,700 – 10,000
CRI ≥ 95 100 70 - 85 65 - 95 70 - 95
Source: IESNA Lighting Handbook, 10th Ed.
• IES Handbook (10th Ed.) describes four types of efficacy in units of Lumens/Watt (LPW) − LPW of lamp − LPW of system − LPW of luminaire − LPW of application
• Lamp LPW doesn’t exist for LED • Spacing Criterion −Do not exceed SC for even
illumination • Group re-lamping is recommended for
traditional light sources at 70-80% rated lamp life −SSL (L70) rated life triggers this
What exactly are we comparing here?
Efficacy in Action
Efficacy in Application
• potentially more “useful” light for applications
• ideally suited to work with optics
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• Completed: – Photometric Measurement (IES LM-79) – Lumen Depreciation (IES LM-80) – Long Term LED Lumen Maint. (TM-21-11) – Chromaticity (ANSI C78.377) – Definitions/Nomenclature (IES RP-16a)
• Numerous other standards in various stages of development
• IES Standards and Guidelines: ies.org • NEMA: nema.org • Main DOE website: ssl.energy.gov • DOE’s Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation
and Reporting program (CALiPER): ssl.energy.gov/caliper.html
• DesignLights Consortium (DLC) www.designlights.org • Look for the “Lighting Facts”: lightingfacts.com • ENERGY STAR®: energystar.gov
Standards and Test Procedures: SSL Support
CALiPER: LED Efficacy Improving Over Time
Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation and Reporting
Lamp Life…Redefined
Average Rated Life for traditional light sources • The point at which 50% of
a large group of lamps fail
Rated Life of LED • The point at wich the light output is 70% of its
initial value
Lumen Maintenance vs. Rated Lamp Life
Lumen Maintenance vs. Rated Lamp Life
New IES 10th Edition Lighting Handbook
LED Color: It’s all about white
LEDs get:
…Brighter and brighter
…More and more cost efficient
But both trends will plateau
Other LED attributes will get more in focus, e.g.:
…LED characteristics, which will improve application efficiency
…How does the “LED white” compare to traditional light source “white”?
PRSM2012 National Conference Anaheim, CA | April 18-20| Wednesday-Friday
Area: 100’ x100’ Ceiling Height: 12’ ρC=0.80 ρW=0.50 ρF=0.20
Parabolic 2-40WTT5
3150L lamp 0.70
CU
Volumetric 2-24T5HO
2000L lamp 0.91
CU
LED Circular 3500Lm 3500K
LED Panel 4200Lm 3500K
LED Retrofit 3250Lm 3500K
Wattage 72 55 41 66 50 Initial Fixture LPW 61 66 85 63 65 Average Rated Life 20,0001 25,0001 50,0002 80,0002 50,0002 Layout/Spacing: 8’ x 8’ Ave. Maintained Illuminance (fc) Lighting Power Density (W/sf)
48 1.04
49 0.79
49 0.59
54 0.95
41 0.72
Layout/Spacing: 8’ x 10’ Ave. Maintained Illuminance (fc) Lighting Power Density (W/sf)
40 0.86
41 0.66
41 0.49
45 0.79
34 0.60
Layout/Spacing: 10’ x 10’ Ave. Maintained Illuminance (fc) Lighting Power Density (W/sf)
34 0.72
34 0.55
34 0.41
38 0.66
29 0.50
LED Options: 2x2 Ambient Lighting Comparison
Conclusions: Some Truth About LEDs
• LED system efficacy will continue its upward trend • LEDs contribute to the energy efficiency of buildings as a whole • Innovation is exciting and rapid • LEDs’ inherent controllability CAN compliments peoples’ preferences
– Personalization – Attraction & Entertainment elements
• LED introduces many creative new ways to utilize light • Because LED performance is temperature sensitive, luminaire design has a material
impact on the performance of LEDs used in the luminaire. • …Measure twice, cut once
