The Southern African Development Community

SADC Countries

Name three national leaders in SADC countries.

Which countries have had civil war in the past decade?

Name at least 3 countries who colonized parts of Southern Africa.

Which countries have >10% arable land?

What’s missing from this map?

Major River Basins in the SADC

SADC – Brief History

• Grew out of anti-apartheid movement• Has largely been a funnel for foreign aid

for national projects• Has a very broad agenda aimed at

economic development• Has adopted protocols on water

management, has outlined a management plan for the Zambezi River Basin

• Recently established a water sector

The Okavango Delta

Water & National Sovereignty

1. In Turton’s paper, he describes the issues surrounding the Okavango River Basin and asks if Botswana has been “checkmated”? Do you think “checkmate” is a good outcome? Why or why not?

2. What are some other factors that threaten national sovereignty? How does the lack of strong national sovereignty enhance regional cooperation regarding water resources? How does it threaten regional cooperation?

3. What are some key features of a successful regional structure in this setting?

Water Scarcity in the SADCSADC Total water Country Water per Population Country Water perCountry available population person growth population person

(km3) 2000 2000 rate (%) 2025 2025(millions) (m3/p/y) (millions) (m3/p/y)

Angola 205.0 12.9 15,888 2.15 22.0 9,335Botswana 1.6 1.6 976 0.76 2.0 808DRC 1019.0 52.0 19,579 3.19 114.1 8,930Lesotho 5.2 2.2 2,412 1.65 3.2 1,602Malawi 17.5 10.8 1,624 1.61 16.1 1,089Mozambique 117.0 20.0 5,856 1.47 28.8 4,066Namibia 2.7 1.7 1,553 1.57 2.6 1,052South Africa 52.8 43.3 1,220 0.50 49.0 1,077Swaziland 2.8 0.9 3,017 1.22 1.3 2,228Tanzania 80.0 33.7 2,371 2.57 63.6 1,257Zambia 127.0 9.2 13,818 1.95 14.9 8,526Zimbabwe 15.5 13.1 1,182 0.26 14.0 1,108

4. Should interbasin water transfer schemes be considered as a means of providing water to under-served areas? Or, alternatively, should governments provide incentives for relocation to areas with adequate water supply?

SADC – GDP’s

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Water and Poverty

• “Water deprivation is an intrinsic dimension of the general state of deprivation that is poverty.”

• The South African Bill of Rights guarantees the right of access to sufficient water.

• 6.5 million have been supplied with access to clean water since 1994. Seven million people still get water from streams, boreholes, etc.

• Much of South Africa’s water is used for irrigation on white-owned farms.

5. Do you think the use of pre-paid meters is a good option to consider in extending water services? Why or why not?

6. Is 6000 L/mo an appropriate amount for “essential-to-life” water? Who should pay the cost of providing this water for free?