1
Primary funding is provided by
The SPE Foundation through member donations
and a contribution from Offshore Europe
The Society is grateful to those companies that allow their
professionals to serve as lecturers
Additional support provided by AIME
Society of Petroleum Engineers
Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl
© 2013 Halliburton. All Rights Reserved.
Julio Vasquez
Society of Petroleum Engineers
Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl
2
Holistic Diagnostic Approach: The Key to
Successful Conformance Engineering
Presentation Outline
Introduction to water management
Integrated Diagnostic Approach for Problem Identification
Water-control technologies
Case histories
Conclusions
Questions
3
Casing
leaks
Flow behind the
casing
Water
coning/cresting
Interwell
communication Poor sweep
efficiency
Water Control—Extending the Life of the
Wellbore
4
Reservoir Formation
characterization
Cement
evaluation
Production and
workover history
Production
logging
Casing
inspection
Saturation
profiles
DTS
monitoring
Select and design
solution
Initial
screening
Evaluate
results
Diagnose
source of
water
production
Tracers Downhole cameras
WOR and WOR
plots
Reservoir simulator
Water Control—Understanding the
Reservoir and the Wellbore
5
Mechanical
problem
Reservoir
problem
Near-wellbore
(NWB) problem
Understanding the Nature of the Problem
6
7
Select and design
solution
Initial
screening
Evaluate
results
Diagnose
source of
water
production
Water Control—Understanding the
Reservoir and the Wellbore
7
Permanent/retrievable bridge plug
Casing patch
Swellable packers
Passive inflow control devices (ICDs)
Autonomous inflow control devices (AICDs)
Water Control—Mechanical Technologies
8
Water Control—Chemical Technologies
Non-selective treatments (hydrocarbon zone must be protected)
Cement
Specialized cement slurries
Resins
Temperature-activated polymer gels
Metal-complex polymer systems
Organically crosslinked polyacrylamide systems
Swelling polymers
Selective treatments (bullhead potential)
Relative-permeability modifiers (RPMs)
Microgels
Viscoelastic surfactants
9
Water Control Chemical Technologies
Where are we Going?
Non-selective treatments
Selective treatments
10
Environmentally acceptable chemistries
Resilience to extreme conditions
HP/HT
High H2S/CO2
Placement improvement
In-depth treatments
Modeling
Case Histories
11
Oil reservoir
Highly naturally fractured carbonate reservoir
Single payzone with strong aquifer
Cased hole and perforated
Carbonate Reservoir—Water Coning
Diagnostics: CBL/VLD, pulsed neutron logs (current WOC), water analysis, reservoir modeling
Problem: water coning
12 SPE 104134
0
4
8
12
Feb-92 Feb-94 Feb-96 Feb-98 Feb-00 Feb-02 Feb-04
Time, months
Oil
Rate
, M
BP
D
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wate
rcu
t, %
Acid Stimulation
Dec 1998
Water
Breakthrough
Mar 2003
0
4
8
12
Feb-92 Feb-94 Feb-96 Feb-98 Feb-00 Feb-02 Feb-04 Feb-06
Time, months
Oil
Rate
, M
BP
D
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wate
rcu
t, %
Acid Stimulation
Jun 1999
Water Breakthrough
Feb 2003
Well 1 Well 2
0
4
8
12
Feb-92 Feb-94 Feb-96 Feb-98 Feb-00 Feb-02 Feb-04
Time, months
Oil
Rate
, M
BP
D
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wate
rcu
t, %
Acid Stimulation
Dec 1998
Water
Breakthrough
Mar 2003
Squeeze
Cement Job
Jan 2005
0
4
8
12
Feb-92 Feb-94 Feb-96 Feb-98 Feb-00 Feb-02 Feb-04 Feb-06
Time, months
Oil
Rate
, M
BP
D
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wate
rcu
t, %
Acid Stimulation
Jun 1999
Water Breakthrough
Feb 2003
OCP Treatment
Mar 2005
Conventional Cement squeeze Crosslinked polymer sealant
(10-ft radial penetration)
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Carbonate Reservoir—Water Coning
SPE 104134
Oil sandstone reservoir (20o API)
Cased hole and perforated completion
BHP ~7,060 psi, BHT ~280oF
Cased hole and perforated (5 ½-in. casing)
Perfs: 14934-15615 ft (gross 681 ft, net 155 ft)
240 BOPD, 80% water cut
Diagnostics: CBL/VLD, PLT, formation
core testing
Problem: watered-out zones in the
middle
Solution: Relative permeability modifier
(180 bbls) – CT Deployment
Sandstone Reservoir—Watered-out Zones
Results: 510 BOPD, 60%
water cut
14
Oil sandstone reservoir
Highly heterogonous, under waterflooding
Diagnostics: tracers, interference testing, water analysis, reservoir simulation
Problem: communication injector-producer through high-perm streaks (DEEP matrix penetration necessary)
SPE 84987/SPE 89391
Sandstone Reservoir—Interwell
Communication—High-perm Streak(s)
Treatment: thermally-activated particle system
15
Results:
Well Spacing ~ 1000 ft
Sandstone Reservoir—Interwell
Communication—Fractures/Channels Solution: water swelling polymer
with no matrix penetration
Oil well, highly unconsolidated sandstone reservoir
Openhole slotted liner horizontal completion
Diagnostics: tracers, interference testing,
water analysis
Problem: 100% water cut caused by
interwell communication
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Results:
Higher injection pressure
Improved Injection profile
Water cut reduction at the offset
producer
Injector
Producer
SPE 169073
Acidizing Near a Water-producing Zone
Solution: RPM implemented for acid
diversion and water control -
Bullheading
Middle East—carbonate, oil reservoir
High-perm contrast, 75% water cut
BHT~200oF, BHP ~3,832 psi
Diagnostics: PLT, CBL/VLD, laboratory
testing
SPE 106951 17
Results:
Sandstone Formation—Water Cresting
Solution: Inflow Control Devices with
Swellable packers Sandstone oil reservoir, oil producer
with strong aquifer support
Typical completion: 1500-2000 ft
horizontal section with stand alone
screens (SAS)
High-watercut from the start of
production
Diagnostics: reservoir
characterization and simulation, PLT
Results:
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Field-proven chemical and mechanical technologies for water control
Proper problem identification
Conclusions
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Diagnostics :
problem identification
Solution
selection and
design Placement
Water-control technologies during the last two decades
R&D
Advantages and limitations
Mature Fields
Conclusions
20
Questions?
21
Society of Petroleum Engineers
Distinguished Lecturer Program www.spe.org/dl
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