The Species of

Pennsylvania Invasive, Endangered,

and Reintroduced

By: Megan CzekalskiPeriod 1

Table of Contents

Endangered SpeciesInvasive SpeciesReintroduced/ Extirpated Species

Endangered Species A species whose numbers are so small

that the species is at risk of extinction 5 Common Reasons

Destruction of HabitatsIntroducing Exotic SpeciesOverexploitation DiseasePollution

How Can I Prevent It? Protect natural habitats of animals

Stop deforestation Build wildlife parks

Replace weeds with native plants Reduce, Reuse, Recycle! Avoid using harmful chemicals

Examples: Animals

Eastern Puma• Endangered

due to hunting, devastation of their habitat, and loss of their leading food supply

Canada Lynx• Endangered

because of over trapping, habitat destruction, and increased winter recreation has led to competition between it and other animals

Indiana Bat• Endangered

because of human disruption, cave commercialization, incorrect gating, and a low birth rate.

Examples: Plants

Virginia Spiraea• Endangered because

it is susceptible to alterations of stream-flow patterns, road construction, and industrial expansion

Northeastern Bulrush• Endangered because

of habitat alterations and the filling and/or ditching in a wetland

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Species Invasive species- a non-native species

put into an ecosystem; effects are likely to cause economic/environmental harm

Native species- a species that is native to a given region or ecosystem; its presence in that region is the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention

Introduced species- a nonnative species that was purposely or accidentally brought into an area by humans

The Environment and Invasive Species Ways They Enter

Imported goods contain themWater discharged from ships has them Soil brought in with plants holds themAbandoned pets carry them Attached to peoples’ apparel

Negative EffectsDisplace native speciesReduce native wildlife habitatAlter ecosystem processesReduce forest health and productivity

The Cinara cupressi originally located in and around the UK a brownish, soft-bodied insect; it has been

found around the world feeding on various trees

they suck the sap from twigs, causing browning of the undergrowth on the affected twig

effect ranges from partial damage to death of the entire tree

it has seriously damaged commercial and ornamental plantings of trees around the world.

The Columba livia a native to Europe introduced worldwide as a food source

or for game prefer to live near human habitation,

such as farmland and buildings. cause damage to buildings and

monuments because of their corrosive droppings; they also pose a health hazard, since they are capable of transmitting many diseases

The Cygnus olor native to Europe and north of Africa consume submerged aquatic vegetation to the

point of overgrazing, which reduces the carrying capacity

will overgraze to such an extent that certain vegetation is eliminated from the ecosystem.

will drive off native waterfowl species and has been known to attack and kill native species while defending territory.

also been known to attack and injure humans and can be especially dangerous to small children.

The Butomus umbellatus native to Eurasia an average sized, rush like plant found on

shores of lakes, ponds and riverbanks; it can tolerate water as deep or deeper than 2 meters

used for décor and sometimes food displace native plant life, and can be a

problem to boat traffic population increases and can continue

indefinitely; control of this species is very difficult.

The Bromus tectorumnative to Eurasiaspreads pathogens thrives in disturbed areas,

stopping natives from coming back to the area

negative effects include overgrazing and potential wildfire hazards

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Reintroduced/ Extirpated SpeciesReintroduced species- the freeing

of a species into the wild in areas previously populated by said species

Extirpated species- a species that has become extinct in a given area

The Martes pennanti they are omnivores

Typically eat snowshoe hares, small mammals, birds, carrion, and/or plants

they were extirpated because of the high demand for their fur

able to climb trees, but spend most of their time on the ground

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Resourceshttp://www.endangeredspecie.com http://www.fs.fed.ushttp://www.mt.nrcs.usda.govhttp://www.fws.govhttp://www.invasivespecies.wa.govhttp://www.invasivespecies.nethttp://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov