Chapter 8. THE SPIRIT OF REFORM (1868-1920). Section 1: The Gilded Age Section 2: Progressive Ideals Section 3: Reforming the Workplace Section 4: Women ’ s Suffrage and Temperance Section 5: Minorities Fight for Change. Section l: The Gilded Age. OBJECTIVES. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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C C ALL TO ALL TO F F REEDOM REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON 1865 to the Pre 1 THE SPIRIT OF REFORM THE SPIRIT OF REFORM (1868-1920) (1868-1920) Section 1: Section 1: The Gilded Age The Gilded Age Section 2: Section 2: Progressive Ideals Progressive Ideals Section 3: Section 3: Reforming the Reforming the Workplace Workplace Section 4: Section 4: Women Women ’ ’ s Suffrage and s Suffrage and Temperance Temperance Section 5: Section 5: Minorities Fight for Minorities Fight for Chapter 8
Transcript
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOMHOLT
HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON
1865 to the Present
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THE SPIRIT OF REFORMTHE SPIRIT OF REFORM(1868-1920)(1868-1920)Section 1:Section 1: The Gilded Age The Gilded AgeSection 2:Section 2: Progressive Ideals Progressive IdealsSection 3:Section 3: Reforming the Workplace Reforming the WorkplaceSection 4:Section 4: Women Women’’s Suffrage and Temperance s Suffrage and Temperance Section 5:Section 5: Minorities Fight for Change Minorities Fight for Change
Chapter 8
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES In what ways did bosses control city politics?In what ways did bosses control city politics? How did scandals affect national politics How did scandals affect national politics
during the Gilded Age?during the Gilded Age? How did the appointment of federal officials How did the appointment of federal officials
change during the late 1800change during the late 1800 ’’s?s?
Section l:Section l:The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age
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Bosses Control City PoliticsBosses Control City Politics Traded favors for votesTraded favors for votes Drew support from immigrants by offering Drew support from immigrants by offering
them money or jobs for votesthem money or jobs for votes
Section l:Section l:The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age
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The Federal Government The Federal Government Suffers from ScandalsSuffers from Scandals The presidency of Ulysses S. Grant was viewed as The presidency of Ulysses S. Grant was viewed as
corrupt because of scandals.corrupt because of scandals. Whiskey RingWhiskey Ring – U.S. treasury officials were jailed – U.S. treasury officials were jailed
for taking bribes from Whiskey distillersfor taking bribes from Whiskey distillers Credit MobilierCredit Mobilier (1872) – some members of Congress (1872) – some members of Congress
who bought or were given shares of the company in who bought or were given shares of the company in return for large federal grants to the companyreturn for large federal grants to the company
Section l:Section l:The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age
CCALL TOALL TOFFREEDOMREEDOMHOLT
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SECTION 1The Gilded Age
Question:How did the appointment of federal officials change during the late 1800s?
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SECTION 1
Appointment of government jobs in late 1800s
• jobs granted by spoils system
• many unqualified individuals appointed to positions
Appointment of jobs after Pendleton Civil Service Act
• jobs appointed by exam and merit system
• under control of the Civil Service Commission
The Gilded Age
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Change in the Way Federal Officials Change in the Way Federal Officials Were AppointedWere Appointed Exams were given to obtain civil service jobs Exams were given to obtain civil service jobs
based on merit.based on merit. Pendleton Civil Service ActPendleton Civil Service Act was passed in was passed in
1883.1883.
Section l:Section l:The Gilded AgeThe Gilded Age
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What roles did middle-class reformers and What roles did middle-class reformers and
muckrakers play in the progressive muckrakers play in the progressive movement?movement?
How did progressives change government?How did progressives change government? How did progressives address the countryHow did progressives address the country ’’s s
Role of Middle Class Reformers Role of Middle Class Reformers and Muckrakersand Muckrakers These individuals had the free time and training These individuals had the free time and training
needed to organize reform movements.needed to organize reform movements. Progressives worked for reforms in several areas Progressives worked for reforms in several areas
such as health, education and government.such as health, education and government. Many progressives agreed that the government and Many progressives agreed that the government and
public should solve social problems together.public should solve social problems together.
Progressives Changed Government By:Progressives Changed Government By: writing about, thus exposing, the muck or filth of societywriting about, thus exposing, the muck or filth of society supporting reforms that would give political machines supporting reforms that would give political machines
less powerless power trying to give voters more power by supporting the trying to give voters more power by supporting the direct direct
primaryprimary and the and the Seventeenth AmendmentSeventeenth Amendment working to make local governments more efficient and working to make local governments more efficient and
responsive to citizens by using procedures like Senator responsive to citizens by using procedures like Senator Robert M. LaFolletteRobert M. LaFollette’’s s Wisconsin IdeaWisconsin Idea
Progressives Changed Government By:Progressives Changed Government By: supporting supporting recallrecall, , initiativeinitiative, and , and referendumreferendumrecallrecall – unhappy voters can sign a petition asking for a special – unhappy voters can sign a petition asking for a special vote to remove an elected official before the end of his or her termvote to remove an elected official before the end of his or her terminitiativeinitiative – allows voters to propose a new law by collecting – allows voters to propose a new law by collecting signatures on a petition. If they get enough signatures the signatures on a petition. If they get enough signatures the proposed law is voted on at the next electionproposed law is voted on at the next electionreferendumreferendum – permits voters to approve or reject a law that has – permits voters to approve or reject a law that has already been proposed or passed by state of local governmentsalready been proposed or passed by state of local governments
Progressive Social ReformsProgressive Social Reforms Progressives worked to reform education at Progressives worked to reform education at
all levels.all levels. They tried to improve the education of They tried to improve the education of
medical professionals and in 1901 the medical professionals and in 1901 the American Medical AssociationAmerican Medical Association was was reorganized.reorganized.
Question:How did progressives address the country’s social problems?
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SECTION 2Progressive Ideas
Social Problem
States pass laws requiring school attendance, started kindergarten programs, developed high school programs with courses in job training.
Reform
Childhood Education
Medical Education The AMA was reorganized.
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES How did progressives attempt to change labor How did progressives attempt to change labor
laws?laws? How did the Supreme Court react to labor How did the Supreme Court react to labor
legislation?legislation? How did labor organize to improve working How did labor organize to improve working
conditions?conditions?
Section 3:Section 3:Reforming the WorkplaceReforming the Workplace
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Progressives Attempt to Reform LaborProgressives Attempt to Reform Labor Progressives like Progressives like Florence KelleyFlorence Kelley fought against fought against
child labor.child labor. Progressives favored the eight-hour workday.Progressives favored the eight-hour workday. They supported minimum wage laws and called They supported minimum wage laws and called
for laws that would protect workers from unsafe for laws that would protect workers from unsafe conditions.conditions.
They worked for workersThey worked for workers’’ compensation laws. compensation laws.
Section 3:Section 3:Reforming the WorkplaceReforming the Workplace
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The Courts and LaborThe Courts and Labor State and federal courts often used the State and federal courts often used the
Fourteenth Amendment to strike down Fourteenth Amendment to strike down regulations.regulations.
In l898 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that In l898 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that states could limit hours of work in dangerous states could limit hours of work in dangerous jobs.jobs.
Section 3:Section 3:Reforming the WorkplaceReforming the Workplace
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The Courts and LaborThe Courts and Labor In In Lochner v. New YorkLochner v. New York the Supreme Court the Supreme Court
ruled that states could not restrict the rights of ruled that states could not restrict the rights of employers and workers to enter into any type of employers and workers to enter into any type of labor agreement or contract that they wished.labor agreement or contract that they wished.
In 1908 the Supreme Court, in In 1908 the Supreme Court, in Mueller v. Mueller v. OregonOregon, ruled to limit the working hours of , ruled to limit the working hours of women.women.
Section 3:Section 3:Reforming the WorkplaceReforming the Workplace
(continued)
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Labor OrganizationsLabor Organizations Workers formed unions to obtain better Workers formed unions to obtain better
working conditions and wages.working conditions and wages. Some welcomed more radical ideas like Some welcomed more radical ideas like
socialism.socialism. The The Industrial Workers of the WorldIndustrial Workers of the World was was
founded in 1905.founded in 1905.
Section 3:Section 3:Reforming the WorkplaceReforming the Workplace
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SECTION 3Reforming the Workplace
Question:How did labor organize to improve the workplace?
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SECTION 3Reforming the Workplace
Ways that labor organized toimprove workingconditions
• Some unions pushed for capitalism or socialism.
• Other unions held strikes.
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What new educational opportunities did women What new educational opportunities did women
have in the late 1800have in the late 1800’’s and early 1900s and early 1900’’s, and s, and how did they affect women and society?how did they affect women and society?
What roles did women play in the temperance What roles did women play in the temperance movement?movement?
How did womenHow did women’’s rights activist work to gain s rights activist work to gain the vote?the vote?
Section 4: WomenSection 4: Women’’ssSuffrage and TemperanceSuffrage and Temperance
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New Educational Opportunities for Women New Educational Opportunities for Women and its Effect on Societyand its Effect on Society More higher education was available for women.More higher education was available for women. Several womenSeveral women’’s colleges were founded including s colleges were founded including
Smith, Vassar, and Wellesley.Smith, Vassar, and Wellesley. After graduation women found that there were few After graduation women found that there were few
jobs available and they were denied access to some jobs available and they were denied access to some professions.professions.
Many joined local womenMany joined local women’’s social clubs that worked s social clubs that worked on a variety of projects.on a variety of projects.
Section 4: WomenSection 4: Women’’ssSuffrage and TemperanceSuffrage and Temperance
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Role of Women Role of Women in the Temperance Movementin the Temperance Movement Women were vital to the organization and Women were vital to the organization and
success of the temperance movement.success of the temperance movement. The The WomanWoman’’s Christian Temperance Unions Christian Temperance Union
(WCTU) was formed to fight alcohol abuse.(WCTU) was formed to fight alcohol abuse. The work of the WCTU led to the passage of The work of the WCTU led to the passage of
the the Eighteenth AmendmentEighteenth Amendment in 1919. in 1919.
Section 4: WomenSection 4: Women’’s s Suffrage and TemperanceSuffrage and Temperance
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The WomanThe Woman’’s Suffrage Movements Suffrage Movement Elizabeth Cady StantonElizabeth Cady Stanton and and Susan B. Susan B.
AnthonyAnthony founded the founded the American Woman American Woman Suffrage AssociationSuffrage Association in 1890 to obtain the in 1890 to obtain the right to vote for women.right to vote for women.
Carrie Chapman CattCarrie Chapman Catt fought for women fought for women’’s s suffrage in the west.suffrage in the west.
Section 4: WomenSection 4: Women’’s s Suffrage and TemperanceSuffrage and Temperance
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The WomanThe Woman’’s Suffrage Movements Suffrage Movement In 1913 In 1913 Alice PaulAlice Paul founded the founded the National National
WomanWoman’’s Partys Party which used controversial which used controversial methods such as hunger strikes and pickets in methods such as hunger strikes and pickets in an effort to obtain the right to vote for women.an effort to obtain the right to vote for women.
Together the NWP and NAWSA worked to Together the NWP and NAWSA worked to see the see the Nineteenth AmendmentNineteenth Amendment added to the added to the U.S. Constitution.U.S. Constitution.
Section 4: WomenSection 4: Women’’s s Suffrage and TemperanceSuffrage and Temperance
(continued)
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SECTION 4Women’s Suffrage and Temperance
Question:What new educational opportunities for women developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s, and what were the results?
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SECTION 4Women’s Suffrage and Temperance
Opportunity
Many women were able to Attend colleges and universities.
Result
Many female graduates found it difficult to get jobs in male-dominated professions. Many women joined social clubs.
NEW EDUCATION OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
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OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES What reforms did African Americans seek during What reforms did African Americans seek during
the Progressive Era?the Progressive Era? What difficulties did American Indians face during What difficulties did American Indians face during
the Progressive Era, and how did they respond?the Progressive Era, and how did they respond? How did immigration change among Chinese How did immigration change among Chinese
Americans and Mexican Americans during the Americans and Mexican Americans during the Progressive Era?Progressive Era?
Section 5:Section 5:Minorities Fight for ChangeMinorities Fight for Change
and segregation reforms.and segregation reforms. They wanted to improve economic conditions They wanted to improve economic conditions
and stop lynching and race riots.and stop lynching and race riots. The The National Urban LeagueNational Urban League was founded in was founded in
1911 to help African Americans make the 1911 to help African Americans make the transition from the South to northern cities.transition from the South to northern cities.
Section 5:Section 5:Minorities Fight for ChangeMinorities Fight for Change
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Difficulties of the American Indians Difficulties of the American Indians During the Progressive EraDuring the Progressive Era American Indians were forced to live on reservations American Indians were forced to live on reservations
where poverty and unemployment were high.where poverty and unemployment were high. The The Society of American IndiansSociety of American Indians was formed in was formed in
1911 to address these concerns.1911 to address these concerns. The Society of American Indians encouraged Indians The Society of American Indians encouraged Indians
to gain U.S. citizenship and adopt the American way to gain U.S. citizenship and adopt the American way of life.of life.
Section 5:Section 5:Minorities Fight for ChangeMinorities Fight for Change
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Question:How did immigration change for Chinese Americans and Mexican Americans during the Progressive Era?
SECTION 5
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Immigration Changes for Chinese and Mexican Americans
Chinese immigration slowed because of laws restricting Chinese entering the United States.
Mexican immigration rose because Mexicans could freely enter the United States.
