““The Star-Spangled The Star-Spangled Banner”Banner”

The National Anthem of The National Anthem of AmericaAmerica

However,However,Before the melody of the “Star-Before the melody of the “Star-

Spangled Banner” became Spangled Banner” became our nation’s anthem, it was our nation’s anthem, it was

formerly an English folksong.formerly an English folksong.

To Anacreon in HeavenTo Anacreon in Heaven

• An example of European music that greatly An example of European music that greatly influenced America. influenced America.

• Also known by its "Also known by its "To Anacreon in HeavenTo Anacreon in Heaven", ", was the official folk song of the was the official folk song of the Anacreontic Anacreontic SocietySociety, an 18th-century English club of , an 18th-century English club of amateur musicians in London. amateur musicians in London.

• Later became known as "The Star Spangled Later became known as "The Star Spangled Banner.“ Banner.“

• Adopted as the national anthem of the United Adopted as the national anthem of the United States in 1931.States in 1931.

Folk SongsFolk Songs(or Traditional Music)(or Traditional Music)

Definition: Definition: Songs of the common people that Songs of the common people that have been passed down by memorization have been passed down by memorization or repetition rather than by writing, and or repetition rather than by writing, and

has deep roots in its own culture.has deep roots in its own culture.

Folk musicFolk music has an ever-changing and varying has an ever-changing and varying nature, and is deeply significant to the members nature, and is deeply significant to the members

of the culture to which It belongs.of the culture to which It belongs.

““The best way to get to knowing any bunch of people is to go and The best way to get to knowing any bunch of people is to go and listen to their music.”listen to their music.”

-Woody Guthrie -Woody Guthrie

(American Singer/Songwriter/Folk Musician(American Singer/Songwriter/Folk Musician

Why is Folk Music Written?Why is Folk Music Written?

• Often relates to and helps define national Often relates to and helps define national cultureculture

• Commemorates historical and/or personal Commemorates historical and/or personal eventsevents

• It has been preserved and transmitted It has been preserved and transmitted through oral tradition, through print and through oral tradition, through print and later through recordings. The term is used later through recordings. The term is used to refer to English to refer to English traditional music traditional music and and music composed, or delivered, in a music composed, or delivered, in a traditional styletraditional style

The Music of The Music of Europe:Europe:ENGLAENGLA

NDNDCapital City: Capital City: LondonLondon

• English folk music has produced or English folk music has produced or contributed to several important contributed to several important musical genres, including sea musical genres, including sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music, such as that used for Morris music, such as that used for Morris dancingdancing

Traditional English Songs Traditional English Songs and Dancesand Dances

• Sea ShantySea Shanty – Work songs used by British sailors in – Work songs used by British sailors in the 19the 19thth century. century.

• Jigs & Hornpipes Jigs & Hornpipes – Lively sailor dances of the – Lively sailor dances of the British Isles originating in the 15British Isles originating in the 15thth & 16 & 16thth Centuries Centuries

• Morris Dance Morris Dance - A morris dance is a form of English - A morris dance is a form of English folk dance usually accompanied by music. It is folk dance usually accompanied by music. It is based on rhythmic stepping and the execution of based on rhythmic stepping and the execution of choreographed figures by a group of dancers. choreographed figures by a group of dancers. Implements such as sticks, swords, handkerchiefs Implements such as sticks, swords, handkerchiefs and bells may also be wielded by the dancers. and bells may also be wielded by the dancers.

Native Instrument of Native Instrument of EnglandEngland

The HornpipeThe Hornpipe

Pictures of England: Pictures of England:

British Parliament

Big Ben

BuckinghamPalace

British Castle Guards

The London Symphony The London Symphony OrchestraOrchestra

The London The London Symphony is Symphony is famous for famous for recording recording soundtracks soundtracks to movies like to movies like “Star Wars,” “Star Wars,” “Braveheart” “Braveheart” and several and several of the Harry of the Harry Potter films.Potter films.

English Composers of Note:English Composers of Note:

Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958)Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872-1958)From Gloucestershire, EnglandFrom Gloucestershire, EnglandBegan career as a church organist Began career as a church organist

with Gustav Holst.with Gustav Holst.Musical style was distinctively Musical style was distinctively

““English” because most of his music English” because most of his music

was derived from folk melodies.was derived from folk melodies.Most Popular Works:Most Popular Works:

English Folk Song SuiteEnglish Folk Song Suite Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas TallisFantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis Sea SongsSea Songs

Gustav Gustav HolstHolst

Born: 1874; Died: 1934Born: 1874; Died: 1934

From Cheltenham, EnglandFrom Cheltenham, England

First began career as a First began career as a professional trombonist and professional trombonist and then became a teacher.then became a teacher.

Musical style was largely Musical style was largely based on the music of folk based on the music of folk songs.songs.

Most popular works include:Most popular works include:First Suite in E-Flat First Suite in E-Flat Second Suite in FSecond Suite in FHammersmithHammersmithThe PlanetsThe Planets

Percy GraingerPercy Grainger1882-19611882-1961

Folk Song Collector Folk Song Collector (Song-Catcher)(Song-Catcher)

Australian ComposerAustralian ComposerThe first person to use a The first person to use a phonograph as a means of phonograph as a means of

collecting folk music. collecting folk music.

The Life of Percy GraingerThe Life of Percy Grainger

• Australian Composer and PianistAustralian Composer and Pianist

• In 1895, left Australia for Europe to enroll in In 1895, left Australia for Europe to enroll in school – The Conservatory in Frankfurt (Germany)school – The Conservatory in Frankfurt (Germany)

• 1905 – joined the English Folk Song Society, 1905 – joined the English Folk Song Society, becoming a becoming a folk song collector folk song collector with Ralph Vaughn with Ralph Vaughn Williams and Gustav HolstWilliams and Gustav Holst

• Folk songs were the basis of most of his music.Folk songs were the basis of most of his music.

• Noted Musical Masterpieces: Noted Musical Masterpieces: Country Gardens, Country Gardens, Shepherd’s Hey, Molly on the Shore, and A Shepherd’s Hey, Molly on the Shore, and A Lincolnshire PosyLincolnshire Posy

A LINCOLNSHIRE POSYA LINCOLNSHIRE POSY

• Composed in 1937 for Composed in 1937 for Wind BandWind Band

• Made up of 6 Made up of 6 movements, or tunes, movements, or tunes, each adapted from folk each adapted from folk songs Grainger collected songs Grainger collected on a year-long trip to on a year-long trip to Lincolnshire, England.Lincolnshire, England.

• A “posy” is a collection of A “posy” is a collection of wildflowers - thus, a wildflowers - thus, a collection of “flowers” collection of “flowers” from Lincolnshire.from Lincolnshire.

Where is Lincolnshire, Where is Lincolnshire, England?England?

Grainger wished to maintain the Grainger wished to maintain the exact sense of stylizing that he exact sense of stylizing that he experienced from the singers. experienced from the singers.

Grainger wrote:Grainger wrote:• ““Each [movement] is intended to be a kind of Each [movement] is intended to be a kind of

musical portrait of the singer who sang its musical portrait of the singer who sang its underlying melody... a musical portrait of the underlying melody... a musical portrait of the singer's personality no less than of his habits singer's personality no less than of his habits of song, his regular or irregular wonts of of song, his regular or irregular wonts of rhythm, his preference for gaunt or ornately rhythm, his preference for gaunt or ornately arabesque delivery, his contrasts of legato arabesque delivery, his contrasts of legato and staccato, his tendency towards breadth or and staccato, his tendency towards breadth or delicacy of tone.delicacy of tone.

6 Movements6 Movements

• I. Lisbon (Sailor’s Song)I. Lisbon (Sailor’s Song)

• II. Horkstow Grange (The Miser and his Man II. Horkstow Grange (The Miser and his Man – A Local Tragedy)– A Local Tragedy)

• III. Rufford Park Poachers (Poacher’s Song)III. Rufford Park Poachers (Poacher’s Song)

• IV. The Brisk Young Sailor (who returned to IV. The Brisk Young Sailor (who returned to wed his true love)wed his true love)

• V. Lord Melbourne (War Song)V. Lord Melbourne (War Song)

• VI. The Lost Lady Found (Dance Song)VI. The Lost Lady Found (Dance Song)

I. LisbonI. Lisbon

– 'Twas on a Monday morning, all in the month of May, 'Twas on a Monday morning, all in the month of May, – Our ship she weighed her anchor, all for to sail away; Our ship she weighed her anchor, all for to sail away; – The wind did from the southwest blow, for Lisbon we The wind did from the southwest blow, for Lisbon we

were bound, were bound, – The hills and dales were covered with pretty young The hills and dales were covered with pretty young

girls around. girls around.

– I wrote a letter to Nancy, for her to understand I wrote a letter to Nancy, for her to understand – That I should have to leave her, unto some foreign That I should have to leave her, unto some foreign

land, land, – She said, "My dearest William, these words will break She said, "My dearest William, these words will break

my heart, my heart, – Oh, let us married be tonight, sweet Willie, before you Oh, let us married be tonight, sweet Willie, before you

start." start."

– "For ten long weeks and better I've been with child by "For ten long weeks and better I've been with child by thee, thee,

– So stay at home, dear William, be kind and marry me." So stay at home, dear William, be kind and marry me." – "Our captain has commanded us, and I shall have to "Our captain has commanded us, and I shall have to

go, go, – The Queen's in want of men, my love, I'd never dare The Queen's in want of men, my love, I'd never dare

answer, 'No.'" answer, 'No.'"

– "I'll cut my long yellow hair off, your clothing I'll put on, "I'll cut my long yellow hair off, your clothing I'll put on, – And I will go with you, love, and be your waiting-man, And I will go with you, love, and be your waiting-man, – And when it is your watch on deck, your duty I will do, And when it is your watch on deck, your duty I will do, – I'd face the field of battle, love, in order to be with I'd face the field of battle, love, in order to be with

you." you."

– "Your pretty little fingers, they are both "Your pretty little fingers, they are both long and small, long and small,

– Your waist it is too slender to face the Your waist it is too slender to face the cannonball, cannonball,

– For loud the cannons rattle, love, and For loud the cannons rattle, love, and blazing bullets fly, blazing bullets fly,

– And silver trumpets sound, my love, to And silver trumpets sound, my love, to cover the dismal cry." cover the dismal cry."

– "Pray do not talk of danger, for love is my "Pray do not talk of danger, for love is my desire, desire,

– To see you in the battle, and with you To see you in the battle, and with you spend my time, spend my time,

– And I will go through France and Spain, all And I will go through France and Spain, all for to be your bride, for to be your bride,

– And I will lay me down upon the And I will lay me down upon the battlefield at your side. battlefield at your side.

– 'Twas on a Monday morning, all in the 'Twas on a Monday morning, all in the month of May, month of May,

– Our ship she weighed her anchor, all for to Our ship she weighed her anchor, all for to sail away; sail away;

– The wind did from the southwest blow, for The wind did from the southwest blow, for Lisbon we were bound, Lisbon we were bound,

– The hills and dales were covered with The hills and dales were covered with pretty young girls around. pretty young girls around.

II. Horkstow GrangeII. Horkstow Grange

– In Horkstow Grange there lives an old miser, you all do know him as In Horkstow Grange there lives an old miser, you all do know him as I've heard tell, I've heard tell,

– It was him and his man that was called John Bowlin', they fell out one It was him and his man that was called John Bowlin', they fell out one market day. market day.

– (Chorus:) (Chorus:) – Pity them what see him suffer, pity poor old Steeleye Span, Pity them what see him suffer, pity poor old Steeleye Span, – John Bowlin's deeds they will be remembered, Bowlin's deeds at John Bowlin's deeds they will be remembered, Bowlin's deeds at

Horkstow Grange. Horkstow Grange. – With a blackthorn stick old Steeleye struck him, oftens had threatened With a blackthorn stick old Steeleye struck him, oftens had threatened

him before, him before, – John Bowlin' he turned round all in a passion, knocked old Steeleye on John Bowlin' he turned round all in a passion, knocked old Steeleye on

to the floor. to the floor. – Steeleye Span, he was felled by John Bowlin', it happened to be on a Steeleye Span, he was felled by John Bowlin', it happened to be on a

market day; market day; – Steeleye he swore with all his vengeance, he would swear his life Steeleye he swore with all his vengeance, he would swear his life

away. away.

III. Rufford Park PoachersIII. Rufford Park Poachers

A buck or doe, believe it so, a pheasant or a hare A buck or doe, believe it so, a pheasant or a hare Were sent on earth for every man quite equally to share. Were sent on earth for every man quite equally to share.

(Chorus:) (Chorus:) So poacher bold, as I unfold, keep up your gallant heart, So poacher bold, as I unfold, keep up your gallant heart, And think about those poachers bold, that night in Rufford Park. And think about those poachers bold, that night in Rufford Park.

They say that forty gallant poachers, they were in distress, They say that forty gallant poachers, they were in distress, They'd often been attacked when their number it was less. They'd often been attacked when their number it was less. Among the gorse, to settle scores, these forty gathered stones, Among the gorse, to settle scores, these forty gathered stones, To make a fight for poor men's rights, and break the keepers' bones.To make a fight for poor men's rights, and break the keepers' bones.The keepers went with flails against the poachers and their cause, The keepers went with flails against the poachers and their cause, To see that none again would dare defy the rich man's laws. To see that none again would dare defy the rich man's laws. The keepers, they began the fray with stones and with their flails, The keepers, they began the fray with stones and with their flails, But when the poachers started, oh, they quickly turned their tails. But when the poachers started, oh, they quickly turned their tails. Upon the ground, with mortal wound, head-keeper Roberts lay, Upon the ground, with mortal wound, head-keeper Roberts lay, He never will rise up until the final Judgment Day. He never will rise up until the final Judgment Day. Of all that band that made their stand to set a net or snare Of all that band that made their stand to set a net or snare The four men brought before the court were tried for murder there. The four men brought before the court were tried for murder there. The judge he said, For Roberts' death transported you must be, The judge he said, For Roberts' death transported you must be, To serve a term of fourteen years in convict slavery. To serve a term of fourteen years in convict slavery.

(Final Chorus:) (Final Chorus:) So poacher bold, my tale is told, keep up your gallant heart, So poacher bold, my tale is told, keep up your gallant heart, And think about those poachers bold, that night in Rufford Park.And think about those poachers bold, that night in Rufford Park.

IV. The Brisk Young SailorIV. The Brisk Young SailorA fair maid walking all in her garden, a brisk young sailor she chanced to A fair maid walking all in her garden, a brisk young sailor she chanced to

spy, spy, He stepped up to her thinking to woo her, cried thus: "Fair maid, can you He stepped up to her thinking to woo her, cried thus: "Fair maid, can you

fancy I?" fancy I?" "You seem to be some man of honor, some man of honor you seem to be, "You seem to be some man of honor, some man of honor you seem to be, I am a poor and lowly maiden, not fitting, sir, your servant for to be." I am a poor and lowly maiden, not fitting, sir, your servant for to be." "Not fitting for to be my servant? No, I've a greater regard for you. "Not fitting for to be my servant? No, I've a greater regard for you. I'd marry you, and make you a lady, and I'd have servants for to wait on I'd marry you, and make you a lady, and I'd have servants for to wait on

you." you." "I have a true love all of my own, sir, and seven long years he's been gone "I have a true love all of my own, sir, and seven long years he's been gone

from me, from me, But seven more I will wait for him; if he's alive, he'll return to me. But seven more I will wait for him; if he's alive, he'll return to me. If seven long years thy love is gone from thee, he is surely either dead or If seven long years thy love is gone from thee, he is surely either dead or

drowned, drowned, But if seven more you will wait for him, if he's alive, then he will be found. But if seven more you will wait for him, if he's alive, then he will be found. He put his hand all in his bosom, his fingers they were both long and small. He put his hand all in his bosom, his fingers they were both long and small. He showed to her then the true-love token, and when she saw it, down then He showed to her then the true-love token, and when she saw it, down then

she did fall. she did fall. He took her up all in his arms, and gave her kisses, one, two and three, He took her up all in his arms, and gave her kisses, one, two and three, Here stands thy true and faithful sailor, who has just now returned to marry Here stands thy true and faithful sailor, who has just now returned to marry

thee.thee.

V. Lord MelbourneV. Lord Melbourne

– I am an Englishman to my birth, Lord Melbourne is my name; I am an Englishman to my birth, Lord Melbourne is my name; – In Devonshire I first drew breath, that place of noble fame. In Devonshire I first drew breath, that place of noble fame. – I was beloved by all my men, by kings and princes likewise. I was beloved by all my men, by kings and princes likewise. – I never failed in anything, but won great victories. I never failed in anything, but won great victories. – Then good Queen Anne sent us on board, to Flanders we did go, Then good Queen Anne sent us on board, to Flanders we did go, – We left the banks of Newfoundland to face our daring foe. We left the banks of Newfoundland to face our daring foe. – We climbed those lofty hills straightway, with broken guns, shields We climbed those lofty hills straightway, with broken guns, shields

likewise, likewise, – And all those famous towns we took, to all the world's surprise. And all those famous towns we took, to all the world's surprise. – King Charles the Second we did reserve, to face our foemen French, King Charles the Second we did reserve, to face our foemen French, – And to the battle of Ramillies we boldly did advance. And to the battle of Ramillies we boldly did advance. – The sun was down, the earth did shake, and I so loud did cry, The sun was down, the earth did shake, and I so loud did cry, – Fight on, my lads, for old Englands sake, well gain the field, or die. Fight on, my lads, for old Englands sake, well gain the field, or die. – And now this glorious victory's won, so boldly keep the field, And now this glorious victory's won, so boldly keep the field, – When prisoners in great numbers took, which forced our foe to yield. When prisoners in great numbers took, which forced our foe to yield. – That very day my horse was shot all by a cannonball, That very day my horse was shot all by a cannonball, – As soon as I got up again, my aide-de-camp, he did fall. As soon as I got up again, my aide-de-camp, he did fall. – Now on a bed of sickness lie, I am resigned to die, Now on a bed of sickness lie, I am resigned to die, – You generals all and champions bold, stand true as well as I. You generals all and champions bold, stand true as well as I. – Stand to your men, take them on board, and fight with courage bold, Stand to your men, take them on board, and fight with courage bold, – I've led my men through smoke and fire, but now to death must yieldI've led my men through smoke and fire, but now to death must yield

VI. The Lost Lady FoundVI. The Lost Lady Found

– 'Twas down in yon valley a fair maid did dwell, 'Twas down in yon valley a fair maid did dwell, – She lived with her uncle, they all knew full well, She lived with her uncle, they all knew full well, – 'Twas down in yon valley where violets grew gay, 'Twas down in yon valley where violets grew gay, – Three gypsies betrayed her and stole her away. Three gypsies betrayed her and stole her away. – Long time she'd been missing, and could not be Long time she'd been missing, and could not be

found; found; – Her uncle, he searched the country around, Her uncle, he searched the country around, – Till he came to the trustee, between hope and Till he came to the trustee, between hope and

fear, fear, – The trustee made answer, She has not been here. The trustee made answer, She has not been here. – The trustee spoke over with courage so bold, The trustee spoke over with courage so bold, – I fear she's been lost for the sake of her gold, I fear she's been lost for the sake of her gold, – So we'll have life for life, sir, the trustee did say, So we'll have life for life, sir, the trustee did say, – We'll send you to prison, and there you shall stay. We'll send you to prison, and there you shall stay. – There was a young squire that loved her so, There was a young squire that loved her so, – Ofttimes to the schoolhouse together they did go, Ofttimes to the schoolhouse together they did go, – I'm afraid she's been murdered, so great is my I'm afraid she's been murdered, so great is my

fear. fear. – If I'd wings like a dove I would fly to my dear. If I'd wings like a dove I would fly to my dear. – He traveled through England, through France and He traveled through England, through France and

through Spain, through Spain, – Till he ventured his life on the watery main, Till he ventured his life on the watery main, – And he came to a house where he lodged for a And he came to a house where he lodged for a

night, night, – And in that same house was his own heart's And in that same house was his own heart's

delight. delight.

– When she saw him, she knew him, and When she saw him, she knew him, and fled to his arms; fled to his arms;

– She told him her grief while he gazed She told him her grief while he gazed on her charms. on her charms.

– How came you to Dublin, my dearest, I How came you to Dublin, my dearest, I pray? pray?

– Three gypsies betrayed me and stole Three gypsies betrayed me and stole me away. me away.

– Your uncle's in England, in prison does Your uncle's in England, in prison does lie, lie,

– And for your sweet sake is condemned And for your sweet sake is condemned for to die. for to die.

– Carry me to old England, my dearest, Carry me to old England, my dearest, she cried. she cried.

– One thousand I'll give thee, and will be One thousand I'll give thee, and will be your bride. your bride.

– When they came to old England her When they came to old England her uncle to see, uncle to see,

– The cart it was under the high gallows The cart it was under the high gallows tree; tree;

– Oh, pardon, oh, pardon, oh, pardon I Oh, pardon, oh, pardon, oh, pardon I crave. I'm alive, crave. I'm alive,

– I'm alive, your dear life to save. I'm alive, your dear life to save. – Then from the high gallows they led Then from the high gallows they led

him away, him away, – The bells they did ring and the music The bells they did ring and the music

did play, did play, – Every house in that valley with mirth Every house in that valley with mirth

did resound, did resound, – As soon as they heard the lost lady was As soon as they heard the lost lady was

found. found.

England Quiz•1. What is original name for the

melody of the Star-Spangled Banner and what was this song used for originally?

•2. What is your own definition of a folk song?

•3. Name two uses of a folk song (what are folk songs written about?).

•4. What is the Capital city of England?

• 5. What is Morris Dancing? • 6. What is the difference between a

sea shanty and a hornpipe/jig? • 7. Name 2 of the 3 composers we

have discussed “from” England? • 8. What is Percy Grainger’s most

important contribution to England, what was unique about how he did this, and what was his most famous piece of music he wrote?

• 9. Name 3 of the 4 members of The Beatles and the instruments they played.

• 10. What were the years of the British Invasion and two other groups from this time OTHER THAN The Beatles?