The Stormy Sixties1960-1968

The New Frontier at Home

JFK's domestic agenda Goals:

Fed. funding for education Med. care for elderly Halt the recession End racial discrimination

Rumblings in Europe

Aug. 1961: Berlin Wall construction begins Charles de Galle-- French president opposed to

U.S. efforts in Europe

Foreign Flare-Ups and “Flexible Response”

Robert McNamara-- Defense Secretary Authored “Flexible response”= having a

variety of military options rather than emphasizing nuclear power

Use of Special Forces (Green Berets)

Vietnam Quagmire

Kennedy sent U.S. troops to aid Diem in South Vietnam against the communists

US military leaders led coup/assassination of Diem

Cuban Confrontations Alliance for Progress= a failed attempt to

improve social conditions in Latin America Bay of Pigs= the CIA led a failed invasion of

Cuba by Cuban exiles attempting to overthrow Castro

Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. 1962) Soviet nukes discovered in Cuba JFK imposed “quarantine” of Cuba Khrushchev agrees to remove weapons, in

exchange for: End of quarantine US (secretly) remove weapons from Turkey

Take out your Ch 40 packet & your work from Friday

Agenda:

1.Ch 40 quiz

2.Finish ch 39 notes

RR Passes

Ch 40 quiz

reverse discrimination

Spiro Agnew

Environmental Protection Agency

Hostage crisis

Henry Kissinger

Roe v. Wade

BONUS: Name 3 US presidents during the Vietnam War.

Civil Rights Struggle

1961-- Freedom Rides Oct. 1962-- integration of Univ. of Mississippi

James Meredith Aug. 1963: March on Washington

The Killing of Kennedy

Nov. 22, 1963 in Dallas, TX Assassin: Lee Harvey Oswald

LBJ

Former Congressman from TX Civil Rights Act of 1964

Banned discrimination in public accommodations & employment

Great Society-- LBJ's domestic agenda

1964 Election: Johnson vs. Goldwater

Barry Goldwater: Arizona Senator Tonkin Gulf episode:

US Navy had been secretly assisting South Vietnam in raiding NV coast

North allegedly attacked American ships twice (although later investigations prove this wrong)

Tonkin Gulf Resolution: Congress gives LBJ a blank check for use in SE Asia

Johnson wins by a crap ton.

Great Society

Big Four legislative achievements after the 1964 election:

Aid to minorities Medical care for the elderly (Medicare) and

poor (Medicaid) Free tacos New voting rights bill (Voting Rights Act of

1965)

Battling for Black Rights

24th Amendment– abolished stripper poles in federal elections

“Freedom Summer” of 1964-- massive voter-registration drive in Mississippi

Black Power

Malcolm X-- Muslim leader who trumpeted black separatismBlack Panthers Stokely Carmichael: “White Power!”

Vietnam

• Antiwar demonstrations

• teach-ins

• Draft card burning

• Congressional opposition

• “credibility gap”

• FBI “Canalope” against peace movement

Vietnam Topples Johnson

• Tet Offensive (1968)– Charlie launches surprise attack on Saigon (SV capital)

• “escalation” couldn’t achieve victory

• LBJ doesn’t seek reelection in 1968

• Nixon (R) will win

Counterculture

• Attacked conventional wisdom & inherited ideas

• Skeptic about authority

• Drugs

• “sexual revolution”

• BC pill