The strange properties of photons

CSR: Culture, Science and Religion The Strange Photon pagina 1 12-11-2013

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Content

Introduction

photons and the light cone

the strange photon

philosophical considerations


The cave of Plato (Politeia, 380 B.C.)

What we see are the shadows of the world of the ideas


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69F7GhASOdM

The cave of Plato (Politeia, 380 B.C.)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=69F7GhASOdM

The Cave_ An Adaptation of Plato's Allegory in Clay.mp4


characteristics of classical philosophy

classical philosophy

deals with nature

(Greek: physis) of beings

being is central

philosophy of being

real beings

can belong to the visible, observable world;

but also invisible, unobservable beings can be real

the invisible and immaterial is cause of the visible

see, Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Aquino


The demon of Laplace (1794-1827)

We may regard the present state of the universe

as the effect of its past and the cause of its

future. An intellect which at a certain moment

would know all forces that set nature in motion,

and all positions of all items of which nature is

composed, if this intellect were also vast enough

to submit these data to analysis, it would

embrace in a single formula the movements of

the greatest bodies of the universe and those of

the tiniest atom; for such an intellect nothing

would be uncertain and the future just like the

past would be present before its eyes.

A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities, 1814

As a member of the new Academy of Sciences, he presented the

“scientific system” of that academy to Napoleon Bonaparte.

Napoleon asked: “Where is the place for God in your system?”

His answer was: “Majesty, we did not need that hypothesis.”


Statement of De Broglie

Louis De Broglie, 1892- 1987, Nobel prize in 1929

As science progresses, it is constrained to

introduce into its theories concepts of a

metaphysical nature – like those of time,

space, objectivity, causality, individuality.

....Science frequently ends up engaging in

metaphysics without realizing it, and this

is not exactly the safest way of doing

metaphysics.

De Broglie, Revue de metaphysique et de

morale, 1947, 3, p 278.


The cave of Plato and the outside world

inside cave outside cave

Plato visible world, caused by

invisible world,

shadow of reality

invisible reality

invisible causes

Aristoteles part of reality, caused by

visible and invisible causes

invisible reality,

unmoved mover,

invisible causes

De Broglie science and metaphysics metaphysics

Laplace deterministic reality unnecessary

hypothesis


Content

Introduction


the strange photon



present:

space-like separated

from origin

future/past:

time-like separated from

origin

event at origin:

-- is caused by events in

the past light cone

-- has causal effects on

events in the future light

cone

Space-time diagram

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/16/World_line.svg


special and general relativity

light cone in special

relativity

light cone in

general relativity

(curved space)

figures from Penrose

Cycles of Time,

Random House,

London 2010


Space-time diagram (1)

present:

space-like separated from origin

future/past:

time-like separated from

origin


train at rest:

at three different moments

long train:



moving train:


long train:



new coordinates of the

moving train


moving train:


long train:


<= time line of train


consider two events 1: at origin

2: outside the light cone

There is an inertial system

where these are simultaneous

example

a traveler in an extremely long

moving train needs only to ask

his colleague at the wagon

at event 2.


<= time-line of the train



2: inside the light cone


where these are at the same

place

example

a traveler in an extremely long

moving train needs only to

look out the window and

wait to see the event.


<= time line of train with speed c

011/1 22 ttct


2: on the light cone


where these are simultaneously

at the same place

example

as before, event at the same

place, in addition: because

of time contraction:

interval of time is zero



consequence for a

photon:

In the coordinate system of

the photon, the event of

emission and absorption is:

-- instantaneously

-- without distance

emission absorption

<= time-line of photon



Content

Introduction


the strange photon



formation of a black hole

light cones in the

vicinity of a black

hole

figure from Penrose

Cycles of Time,

Random House,

London 2010


time dilatation nearby a black hole

speed of light c is

constant in all

coordinate systems,

==> if x becomes

smaller, also t

diminishes

accordingly:

(gravitational) time

dilatation

figure based on

Penrose 2010

t

xantconstc t

x

t

x


A clock visible at light-years distance

nano-clock: excited atom or molecule

emits radiation at a certain frequency

cosmological red shift:

due to time dilatation of rapidly

moving objects:

extreme case: background radiation

gravitational red shift

due to time dilatation nearby a heavy

mass (curvature of space, rotation of

light-cone)

extreme case: horizon of black hole


Penrose about photons

lecture in University of Leiden 2011

The point is that, according to a massless particle, the

passage of time is as nothing. (2010)

Eternity is no time at all, for a photon .(2011)


measuring individual photons from a quasar whose image has been

split in two by a galaxy acting as a gravitational lens.

Final state:

1) interference set-up: photon follows both paths;

2) telescope view: photon takes a unique path.

delayed choice made after billions of years

Wheeler's proposal, experimentally confirmed

(Jacques et al. 2007)

A Gedanken-experiment by Wheeler 1978


Gravitational lens at 9.5 light-year

gravitational lens: ~1011 mass of sun at 9.5 light-year

source galaxy: ~108 mass of sun at 11.5 light-year,

magnified 40x,

appears as ring with 4 pronounced images

Van der Wel et al. 2013 (arXiv: 1309.2826v1)


Adriaan Fokker, 1887-1972)

A. D. Fokker, Universiteit Leiden (1965)

Perhaps the deepest enigma brought to light by

chronogeometry is the occurrence of zero

intervals, connecting events which are located

by observers with spatial distance and temporal

duration between them. Zero interval means no

separation at all, an immediate transmission of

momentum and energy, as if there were

contiguity……

The mathematical formula is quite simple and

plain, nevertheless it relates to one of God's

secrets and implies His sempiternal ubiquitous

presence.

A.D. Fokker, Time and Space Weight and Inertia,

Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965


Content

Introduction


the strange photon






invisible world,

shadow of reality

invisible reality

invisible causes

Aristoteles part of reality, caused by

visible and invisible causes

invisible reality,

unmoved mover,

invisible causes


Laplace deterministic reality unnecessary

hypothesis





invisible world,

shadow of reality

invisible reality

invisible causes

Aristoteles part of reality, caused by visible

and invisible causes

invisible reality, unmoved

mover, invisible causes


Laplace deterministic reality unnecessary hypothesis

relativity photon, object of science photon is outside time

Penrose photon, object of science eternity is no time at all

for a photon

Wheeler causality in science delayed choice, causality

of final state

Fokker relativity and photon evidence for ubiquitous

presence outside time


Causality

classical philosophy (Aristotle, Aquinas) whatever is moved is moved by another or whatever is

changed is changed by another. principle of causality

David Hume cause: an object followed by another, and where all the

objects similar to the first are followed by objects

similar to the second. Concerning Human Understanding.

Stephan Hawking: Within the universe, you always explained one event

as being caused by some earlier event. A brief history of time.

What about delayed choice and causality from outside time?


A request to philosophers

A dream:

To bring all knowledge about reality together in a single,

consistent view. For this is needed a consistent philosophy

(metaphysics) without internal contradiction and in

accordance with experience.

Problem:

The current experience accumulated in science is only

accessible to the specialist.

Who will enter the dialogue?


This talk has been presented at the

Journée « Science, raison et foi »

Causalite, Temps et Origine de l'Univers

CASTELVIEIL , MARSEILLE, November 12 , 2013

Date post:	18-May-2015
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The strange properties of photons

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