International Quinoa Conference 2016:Quinoa for Future Food and Nutrition Security in Marginal Environments
Dubai, 6-8 December 2016www.quinoaconference.com
The Study of Quinoa Salinity Tolerance in the Field Conditions
By: Mohammad Shahid and N.K. Rao International Center for Biosaline Agriculture, Dubai, UAE
email: [email protected]
situated in south eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula
a relatively small country with an area of 83, 600 square km
most of the country is desert which is part of a vast sea of sand called Rub’ al Khali or Empty Quarter
UAE geography
Limited cultivated land
Most of the country is comprised of desert Small area for agriculture farming is available.
Fewer water resources
Annual rain is less than 120mm (4.7 inch) in most of the areas
Most of the ground water is brackish, which is not suitable for majority of crops
Agricultural problems in the UAE
To find crops which can be grown in such harsh environments with limited amount of fresh water
Apart from other crops, QUINOA was tried in the United Arab Emirates to see its potential as food and feed
Evaluation of the performance of selected genotypes of quinoa for their productivity on different qualities of irrigation water.
Challenges
Experimental Site
• The experiment was conducted at the International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• 25°05.794 N• 055°23.386 E
Experimental site
Soil Type
• The soils at ICBA experimental fields are sandy in texture, that is, fine sand (sand 98%, silt 1%, and clay 1%)
• Calcareous (50–60% CaCO3 equivalents)
• Moderately alkaline (pH 8.22). • Saturation percentage of the
soil is 26 and has very high drainage capacity
• Electrical conductivity of its saturated extract (ECe) is 1.2 dS m−1 .
Soil type
S.N. Accessions S.N. Accessions
1 ICBA-Q1 11 Salcedo Inia2 ICBA-Q2 12 Blanca Junin3 ICBA-Q3 13 Amarilla Marangani4 ICBA-Q4 14 L 115 ICBA-Q5 15 L 1196 NSL 86649 16 L 1237 Ames 13749 17 L 1428 Ames 13757 18 L 1439 Ames 22155 19 Puno 10 Inia 415 Pasankalla 20 Titicaca
Accessions
Planting Each set of accessions was
sown in randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications
Two water treatments (0 dS/m and 15 dS/m)
Plot size was 2.5 x 2 m The seeds were sown
manually by dibbling 3-4 seeds into the soil to a depth of 1-2 cm close to the dripper
After sowing, field was covered with Acryl sheet
Planting
Irrigation
• A drip irrigation system was used
• with a spacing of 50 cm between the laterals
• 25 cm between the emitters has been installed in all of the experimental farms.
• water was applied for 15 min @ 4 L/h
Irrigation
Fertilizers
• Organic manure was applied before planting @ 40 tons/ha
• Urea (46%) @ 30 kg/ha
• NPK @ 30 kg/ha
Fertilizers
Study
The growth performance and yield potential of the 20 quinoa accessions was evaluated based on the study of different characteristics including
Study
Plant HeightPlant height
Number of primary branches per plantNumber of primary branches per plant
Number of inflorescences per plantNumber of inflorescences per plant
Inflorescence lengthInflorescence length
YieldYield
1,000 grain weight1,000 seed weight
Concentration of K and Na in seeds
Plant heightPlant height
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
Plan
t hei
ght (
cm)
non-saline saline
Number of branches per plantNumber of branches per plant
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
non-saline saline
Number of inflorescences per plantNumber of inflorescence per plant
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
non-saline saline
Inflorescence length
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Inflo
resc
ence
leng
th (c
m)
non-saline saline
Inflorescence length
Seed yield per m2Seed yield per m2
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
seed
yild
/m2
(g)
non-saline saline
1,000 seed weight
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
1000
seed
wei
ght (
g)
non-saline saline
1,000 seed weights
Na concentration in seeds
0.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
300.00
350.00
400.00
ICBA-Q1 ICBA-Q2 ICBA-Q3 ICBA-Q4 ICBA-Q5 NSL 86649 Ames 13749 Ames 13757 Ames 22155 Puno Titicaca
µg/5
0mg
Non-saline Saline
K concentration in seeds
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
400.00
500.00
600.00
700.00
800.00
900.00
ICBA-Q1 ICBA-Q2 ICBA-Q3 ICBA-Q4 ICBA-Q5 Ames 13749 Ames 13757 Ames 22155 NSL 86649 Puno Titicaca
µg/5
0mg
Non-saline Saline
• Five of the quinoa lines (ICBA-Q1…Q5) developed at ICBA performed better than the other accessions.
• Their performance was superior both at low and high salinity
• These lines have the potential to be grown in the similar type of regions with saline water of up 15 dS/m
• Salinity treatment increases the Na concentration in the quinoa seeds up to 400%
Conclusions
Thanks
